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WORLD WAR II 1939 - 1945 PEARL HARBOUR America Enters The War THE SITUATION IN THE PACIFIC As the war was raging in Europe, Japan was still aggressively expanding its empire in Asia and the Pacific (what they called the “Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere”) In reality, this “co- prosperity” for all the people of Asia was really prosperity for Japan only Japan intended to take its place as “Asia’s leading race” and they ruthlessly pursued that goal GRABBING SUPPLIES TO MEET DEMAND Japan is a nation with a small amount of land; they lacked resources (like oil, steel, coal) Japan was in a lengthy war with China, and needed these resources for its war machine The Japanese decided to attack Southeast Asia and islands in the Pacific to get those supplies AMERICAN TERRITORIES IN ASIA Japan’s goal was to take Asian territories that were controlled by Europeans Japan wanted the French-controlled Indochina, Britishcontrolled Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies The United States had control of the Philippines, Guam, and other Pacific islands; Japan wanted control of them, too TRYING TO STOP JAPAN President Roosevelt saw that Japan threatened U.S. territories Trying to stop Japanese advances, FDR cut off oil shipments to Japan FDR said that the U.S. would not sell oil or steel to Japan until they stopped attacking China and the rest of Asia Oil is the lifeblood of a war machine; without it, Japan could not continue its conquests TOJO MAKES HIS VIEW CLEAR “If we yield to America’s demands, it will destroy the fruits of the China incident.” General Hideki Tojo October 14, 1941 BACKING JAPAN INTO A CORNER With only 18 months’ worth of oil left, Japan had to decide what to do To give in to the U.S. would mean the end of conquest and humiliation for Japan Japan recognised that the U.S. was the only force in the Pacific that could stop them Given a choice of giving in to the U.S. or fighting the U.S., Japan plotted a war with the Americans THE U.S. PREPARES TO DEFEND AGAINST JAPANESE ATTACK… BUT FROM WHERE? The U.S. knew an attack from Pearl Harbour Japan was likely, but they thought was the U.S. the Japanese would go after Guam Navy’s main base or the Philippines in the Pacific The U.S. military did They were wrong: Japan wanted to not think Japan destroy the U.S. Navy with one would be able to pull massive attack, so Pearl Harbour off an attack there WAS the target If it came to war with Japan, the U.S. wanted them to make the first aggressive move, but they never put Pearl Harbour on alert, expecting attack elsewhere SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7th, 1941 JAPAN MAKES ITS MOVE WHAT HAPPENED ON DECEMBER 7th, 1941? Coming from an unexpected direction in the north, Japanese carriers sent 200 Japanese planes to attack the navy base at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii The U.S. had most of its Pacific fleet stationed there: over 75 ships and over 400 planes ADMIRAL NAGUMO, COMMANDER OF THE PEARL HARBOUR ATTACK At 8AM, the Japanese planes swarmed into Pearl Harbour PREPARING FOR ATTACK A Japanese torpedo plane takes off from the aircraft carrier Shokaku, en route to attack Pearl Harbor THE TARGET An especially important target for the Japanese was “Battleship Row”, where the several of the most powerful U.S. battleships were parked together THE TARGET THE PLAN OF ATTACK The plan was to approach from an unexpected direction (north) in more than one wave. The waves of attacking planes would move in an hour or so apart from each other. APPROACHING PEARL HARBOR The view from the cockpit of a Japanese plane as the first wave makes its way to Pearl Harbour 7:55AM SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7th, 1941 THE ATTACK IS IMMINENT A painting that depicts the first wave of Japanese fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes as they home in on Pearl Harbour THE ATTACK BEGINS The view from one of the Japanese bombers as the attack begins on Pearl Harbour. At the bottom of the picture is Battleship Row. THE ATTACK BEGINS By attacking on a Sunday morning, the Japanese wanted to catch the Americans relaxed and off-guard The Japanese sent two waves of planes an hour apart from each other to bomb the Americans When the Japanese Zeroes flew in to Pearl Harbour, the American sailors were completely unprepared The U.S. ships were anchored close to each other and the planes were parked wingtip-to-wingtip They were easy targets for the Japanese bomber and torpedo planes By 10AM, the attack on Pearl Harbour was over The first wave did terrible damage to the airfields, planes, and a half-dozen ships The second wave went after ships that were undamaged by the first wave DEATH OF A FLEET ASSAULT ON BATTLESHIP ROW ASSAULT ON BATTLESHIP ROW ASSAULT ON BATTLESHIP ROW THE AIRFIELDS ARE HIT THE AFTERMATH PEARL HARBOR IN RUINS BURNING BATTLESHIPS THE DAMAGE DONE 23 American ships were damaged and about 200 aircraft were destroyed. However, only 2 ships were total losses HUMAN COST 2500 2000 ARMY NAVY MARINES CIVILIANS 1500 1000 500 0 KILLED WOUNDED KILLED WOUNDED ARMY: 218 364 NAVY: 2008 710 MARINES: CIVILIANS: 109 69 68 35 In the attack on Pearl Harbour, a total of 2403 people were killed and a total of 1178 people were wounded THE NEXT DAY’S HEADLINES “A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY” President Roosevelt made a speech before Congress, asking them to approve the declaration of war on Japan With only one dissenting vote, Congress approved war FDR SIGNS THE DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST JAPAN After years of isolation and neutrality, the United States was now in the middle of World War II