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Do Now: Match the following cellular organelles to their function. Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplasts Ribosomes Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole 1. Controls movement in and out of the cells, 5. Carries materials throughout the cell & aids in making provides support & protection, maintains proteins ____________________________________. homeostasis__________. 6. Controls all cell activities & contains the DNA of the cell____. 2. Creates proteins ___________________ 7. Stores food, water, and wastes. _____________________ 3. Supports and protects all the cell organelles; jelly- like substance ____________. 8. Uses energy from the sun to make plant food & site of photosynthesis ______________________. 4. Site of cellular respiration, breaks down glucose molecules to release energy ___________________ Mitosis What is it? Why is it important? Let’s review... responsible for regulating what comes in and out of the cell, provides ★ Cell Membrane- protection & support, maintains homeostasis controls all cell activities & contains DNA material for the cell ★ Nucleus- site of cellular respiration, breaks down glucose to release energy ★ Mitochondria-jelly-like substance that supports & protects all the cell’s organelles ★ Cytoplasm- Let’s review... ★ Ribosomes- create proteins ★ Endoplasmic Reticulum- aids in making proteins, carries materials throughout the cell site of photosynthesis; uses sunlight to create food stores food, water, and waste ★ Chloroplast- ★ Vacuole- Let’s review... ★ Lysosome- uses enzymes to break things down in the cell ★ Golgi Apparatus- combines and packages smaller materials into more complex molecules; either sends them throughout the cell or stores them Mitosis What is it? process where a single cell divides into two IDENTICAL daughter cells What is the main goal of mitosis? cell growth & to replace old, worn out cells Why is mitosis so important? replaces non-sex cells needed for growth and development grow body parts, develop, repair damaged tissues, replace dead cells and change at a cellular level as they mature. Why do we need more cells? all species came from a single cell cell division allows cells to grow and multiply, so we can grow and develop zygote- fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell (2 haploid cells) starts as a single cell, then rapidly divides causing growth Binary Fission unicellular organism divides into 2 identical daughter cells form of asexual reproduction duplicates DNA plasma membrane is drawn inwards & deposits new cell wall material divides into two daughter cells each cell receives a copy of the DNA primary reproduction method in prokaryotes does not require genetic contributions from two parents IDENTICAL! QUIZ! ● What happens to the size of bacteria after binary fission? ● What must occur before binary fission? ● What benefit(s) do bacteria derive from binary fission (as opposed to sexual reproduction)? Eukaryotic Cell Cycle cell cycle- sequence of growth, replication, and division that produces new cells eukaryotes have 22 sets of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and 1 set of sex chromosomes → 23 sets all together designated with X (female) & Y (male) a person’s cells have 46 chromosomes all together diploid- carry two sets of chromosomes designated as 2n ---- scientists use “n” to represent a set of chromosomes haploid- carry one set of chromosomes Nucleus nucleus must first divide before the rest of the cell can the genetic material must be copied, checked for errors and mutations, and then packaged into chromosomes cell cycle usually lasts 24 hours Stages of Mitosis Interphase G1 phase (first gap)... 11 hours S phase (synthesis of DNA)... 8 hours G2 phase (mitosis and cytokinesis...4 hours M Phase-Mitosis….1 hour prophase metaphase Interphase G1 Phase cell growth occurs increase in cell size duplicates organelles S Phase DNA synthesis chromosomes are replicated, joined together to form a sister chromatid occurs in nucleus Prophase early prophase- chromosomes condense late prophase- nuclear envelope begins to dissolve & centriole pairs move apart centriole-small, cylindrical organelle near the nucleus; involved in the development of spindle fibers used in cell division (pairs=centrosome) spindle fibers- attach to chromosomes and pull them apart Metaphase pairs of sister chromatids line in a single row along the metaphase plate spindle fibers attach to the Kinetochore or centromere (on chromosomes) Anaphase connections between the pairs of sister chromatids are broken sister chromatids separate and individual chromosomes move towards the poles Telophase chromosomes decondense nuclear envelope reforms Cytokinesis formation of cleavage furrow- constricts like a drawstring to separate the cells cytoplasm divides in plant cells...a cell plate forms that leads to a cell wall Mitosis produces identical offspring (2n… 2n) Remeber... I Picked Many Apples Today..Cool! QUIZ! Name the stage of mitosis