Download Unit 2 respiratory system 3.58MB 2017-03-29 17

Functions of cardiorespiratory system
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Unit 2: Functional Anatomy: Respiratory System
•Ensures blood flow through the heart, body and lungs.
• Supplies oxygenated blood to body tissues.
• Takes up’ oxygen into the body, in order to produce
energy.
• Unloads’ carbon dioxide, a waste product of
respiration from the body.
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pharynx
larynx
bronchus
Pleural membrane
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Mechanisms of breathing
Create a table and describe how the ribs and diaphragm work
during inspiration and expiration.
Find an image from the internet that best describes this process
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Gaseous Exchange
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Read p51.
Find a good definition of gaseous exchange and reference it.
How does this happen and where does this take place in the lungs?
What percentage of oxygen is in the air we breathe in?
How much do we use?
Is there more oxygen or Carbon Dioxide in exhaled air? What are the
percentages?
• What is the respiratory membrane and why is this important?
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Lung Volumes:
• Respiratory Rate:
‘Amount of air breathed in, in 1 minute’ 12 on average.
• Tidal Volume:
‘Volume of air breathed in and out in one breath’ norm. 500ml
• Minute Volume:
‘Amount of air passing through the lungs each minute’
• Residual Volume:
‘Air remaining in the air after maximal exhalation’ 1200ml on average.
• Vital capacity:
‘Maximum amount of air forced out the lungs after maximal inspiration’ upto
4800ml
• Inspiratory reserve volume:
Maximum amount of additional air you can bring in above normal Tidal Volume.
Expiratory reserve volume:
‘Maximum amount of air that can be breathed out above normal expiration’ upto
1500ml
• Total Lung Volume
‘Total lung capacity after maximum inhalation’ average male = 6000ml
Lung Volumes:
Copy the graph and describe
all the terms on p52.
Control of Breathing – p53
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How is breathing an active process?
What relaxes to allow air to exit the lungs?
Describe how breathing is controlled by the brain.
What is the Medulla Oblongata?
What sensors respond to chemical fluctuations of
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere?
6. What is the role of chemoreceptors during
exercise?
7. What are the Aortic Arch and Carotid Arteries and
what is their role when controlling breathing?
Control of Breathing – p53
The VRG is responsible for motor control of
inspiratory and expiratory muscles during
exercise ( external and internal intercostald
Dorsal Respiratory Group Sets the basic
respiratory rate. Stimulates the inspiratory
muscles to contract (diaphragm).
What 2 neurones control respiration?
What is different about their functions?
Anatomy of Bone
Periosteum – Outer layer
Bone minerals – Calcium and
phosphorus create new bone and
reabsorb bone tissue
Bone Marrow – soft and spongy. Yellow
in middle ( fats, cartilage ). Red at the
ends ( Blood cells ).
Epiphysis – Rounded end of bone (
articulates )
Diaphysis – Central shaft.
Growth Plate – Epiphyseal line. Only
area where bone grows ( adolescents )
Cancellous bone – in ends, honeycomb,
allows marrow to form.
Compact bone – hard tissue.
Articular cartilage – allows free
movement.
Medullar Cavity – space in the middle
where marrow is stored.
Blood vessel – provides blood supply.
Terms that describe bone anatomy
• Fossa - depression on the
surface of the bone
• Process – general term for
any prominence
• Tuberosity – bony
prominence.
notch
fossa
process
• Notch – indentation
on the edge of a bone
Terms that describe bone anatomy
condyle
• Mandible condyle ( large
rounded prominences )
articulates with temporal
fossa ( shallow depressions ).
fossa
• Border – main portion of the
bone / edges.
Anatomy of Bone
FOSSA
CONDYLE
Create a poster, similar to this,
describing each term and
examples on the skeleton
NOTCH
BORDER
TUBEROSITY
PROCESS
Ossification: Read p55
1. What is Ossification?
2. What is the difference between
remodelling and bone growth?
3. What is the function of Osteoclasts?
4. What 2 ways does exercise effect bone
growth? Give sporting examples?
5. What is the function of Osteoblasts?
6. What are the growing areas of bone called
and how long do they work for?
7. What happens at this site once the bone is
fully formed?
8. Explain the importance of Calcium and
Vitamin D in bone growth and give example
sources.
Skeleton
Sesamoid – found
within a tendon. Eg?
Areas of the Skeleton: Information page
• Read p58 – 60 and create an information page on
the following
- Axial Skeleton
Function and
- Appendicular Skeleton different areas
- Different areas of the vertebral column and their
function.
- Function of the Skeletal System.
*Use diagrams and images and research from the
internet to help.
Ligaments and Joints
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are ligaments?
What are their functions ( name 3 )?
What is hyper-extension / hyper-flexion?
Define a joint.
Describe the Structure and function of a fixed,
cartilaginous and Synovial Joint with supporting
examples.
Synovial joint structure
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Types of Synovial Joint
Type
Description and example
Structure of the respiratory system:
Complete the table:
Structure
Function
Pleural
membrane
Reduces friction between the ribs and the lungs
Nasal Cavity
Draws in the majority of air and conditions it
Cilia
Tiny hairs in the nose that filter out dust particles
Mucus
Slippery secretion that moistens the air
Cartilage in
Trachea
Prevents the trachea collapsing due to the pressure of air entering and
leaving
Diaphragm
Separates the lungs from the abdomen and is a sheet of muscle used
during breathing
Bronchi
Send the air into the right and left lung
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Starter….. 2 lists
• Name as many
muscles as you can
remember…
• Name as many bones
as you can remember
WHO CAN GET THE
MOST!?
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Copying permitted for purchasing
institution only.
Unit 2: Anatomy and Physiology
• Improve understanding of the structure and function
of the respiratory system.
• Know the mechanics of breathing and gaseous
exchange.
© Pearson Education Ltd 2013.
Copying permitted for purchasing
institution only.