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Download Unit 1: Energy
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ENERGY What is it? Energy Unit Energy Gives an object the ability to move or do work. The ability to cause a change. The Law of Conservation of Energy -Energy can not be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another. --------------------- →→ Types of Energy Name Definition Potential Energy stored energy: has the ability to do or cause change or motion but is not at that time. Energy of position Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) Formula GPE = mgh, m = mass, g = 9.8 m/sec2 , h = height GPE = (wt)h wt = mg ] arrangement in which the H—O—H angle is 104.5°. Chemical the arrangement of the Composition/ atomic structure Elasticity Kinetic Energy energy of motion or work. KE = 0.5mv2 , m = mass, v = velocity Forms of Energy Name Mechanical Energy Definition Energy involving the motion of matter. Example sound, wind, water falling over a waterfalls, riding a bike, hitting a ball these are a few . Heat/Therma The internal motion l Energy of the atoms. Electromagnetic Energy The motion of charged particles. This energy can travel through space. electricity, light, x-rays, microwaves, radio waves, ultraviolet. Chemical Energy The energy that exist in the bonds that hold the atoms of compounds together. This energy is released when these bonds are broken. Nuclear Energy Energy from the nucleus of the atom. This energy can be released when the nucleus is split into 2 smaller nuclei this is called fission. This energy can also be released when 2 smaller nuclei are combined into a large nucleus this is called fusion. Energy Conversions the changing of energy from one type or form into another. This can between potential and kinetic or between any two or more of the 5 forms of energies. During conversions energy is lost or changed into a form that is less usable. Energy Efficiency the measurement of how much of the energy that was started with is changed into less usable form or how much usable energy there is left after the conversion. Nonrenewable vs. Renewable Energies NONRENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES Name Nonrenewable Definition energies that cannot be replenished. Once they are used up there is no more of them. Example oil, coal, natural gas, gasoline Renewable energies that wind, solar, hydro, geocan be thermal, tidal replenished. These energies are often called green energies. That is because they are environmentally friendly. This means causing little or no pollution and will not run out. These are all so called alternative sources of energy. Heat Energy Energy that is caused by internal motion of the particles of matter. A form of Kinetic Energy Particles – atoms or molecules that make up matter. Temperature The measurement of the amount of Heat Energy. the average Kinetic Energy of the particles of a given piece of Matter. Scales used to measure Heat Energy Fahrenheit most commonly used in the US, developed in the 1700’s Celsius Used in the rest of the world, developed in 1740’s Kelvin Absolute zero O0K is -2730C Calorie The amount of heat energy needed to rise 1g of water 10C. Food Calorie or diet calorie is the same as a kilocalorie. 1 calorie = 4.18 joules Specific Heat The amount of heat energy need to rise 1g of a Substance 10C. Specific Heat of water is 1 , iron is 0.11 (see pg 436) Heat Energy Transfer: Name Definition Conduction Heat Energy is transferred from one object to another by direct contact. Conductors – matter that transfers energy easily. Low Specific Heat Insulators – energy is transfer poorly or not at all. High Specific Heat Convection Heat Energy is transferred by currents in fluids. Currents are movement of particles within a fluid. A Fluid is a gas or liquid. Radiation Heat Energy that is transferred through Electromagnetic waves. This type of transfer can travel through empty space.