Download The Renaissance - Northside Middle School

Name:
Video Notes: Da Vinci’s World
Date:
Period:
1. After the Dark Ages ____________________lit up the world, it emerged from the devastating
clouds of the Black Death.
2. The enterprise of renaissance engineering is the recovery of _________________ knowledge.
3. This Era created a bold new sense that nothing was _____________________.
4. In the 12th & 13th centuries, Italy is beginning in rebirth because what’s happening is that
_____________________________ is being reinstituted to the Italian peninsula mainly through the
Holy Roman Empire through the system called feudalism.
5. New Rulers of the Italian city-states emerge, they are the ____________________________.
6. Wealth bought power and power could buy _______________________ & architecture.
7. What resource was necessary for the prosperity of Siena?
What engineering feat brought this resource to the city?
8. In 1347, the Black Death struck. One conservative estimate states that Siena lost over
__________% of its population in just a few months
9. In the 13th & 14th centuries _________________were the power centers of Europe.
10. Humanism is an interest in the __________________ world.
11. Renaissance literally means ___________________ or revival.
12. The Medicis, one of the wealthiest families in Florence led the way to revitalize Rome and made
Florence the new __________________________.
13. What was the centerpiece of this effort?
14. What did Brunelleschi go to study? _________________________.
What structure did he study? ______________________________.
Describe some aspects of the process to build the dome.
15. Which Brunelleschi innovation is a cornerstone of engineering today?
16. What is the single point off in the distance called?
17. What were Renaissance architects forced to focus their attention on building?
18. 15th Century Italy: What former powerhouse is on the rise again?
19. Pope Sixtus V and the Popes that come after him feel the need to revitalize Rome. To clean up
Rome, Sixtus had all the vandals rounded up and ______________________.
20. Many people think that it is with the Renaissance that _______________________ culture
begins. This period did so much to pull us out of a __________________________.
The Renaissance:
The Renaissance in Italy
(PPT Notes)
1. The Middle Ages Ends
a. Europe is starting to take shape with _________, ________, and regions in
__________ all evolving
b. Revival of ___________
c. Return to ___________
d. The ___________ was still powerful
e. ___________ and __________ began to express new ideas and styles
2. What is the Renaissance?
a. Renaissance: Rebirth in ___________________________________________
b. The educated hoped to bring back to life the culture of classical ______ and _____
c. In doing so, they created something entirely new: innovative styles of _______ and
____________
d. The Renaissance eventually spread from northern _______ to the rest of ________
e. Occurred roughly ______-______
3. Why Italy?
a. Italy had 3 distinct advantages
i. ________________
1. Overseas _______, spurred by the Crusades had led to growth of large
______________
2. Thus, northern Italy was _____ while the rest of Europe was still ____
3. ________ were the place where people exchanged ideas and the site
of a ____________ revolution
4. Survivors of plague could demand _________ _________
5. ___________ had few opportunities to expand business so they
pursued ______
ii. ________________________
1. A wealthy __________ class developed in each Italian city-state
2. Merchants dominated _________
3. Merchants did not inherit _______ rank- used their _____ to survive
4. This lead to the rise of importance of ___________ ___________
5. The _________ banking family came to dominate Florence
a. Had branch offices all throughout ______ and ________
b. _________ de Medici was the wealthiest European of his time
c. Grandson ________ de Medici became great patron of the arts
d. _______: someone who financially supports an ____________
iii. Classical heritage of _________ and __________
1. Renaissance artists ________ _________ on the art and literature of
The Middle Ages
2. Instead they wanted to _____ the ________ of the Greeks and Roman
3. _________ of Rome were nearby
4. Many Greek ____________ made their way to Rome via Christian
____________
4. Classical and Worldly Values
a. As scholars studied manuscripts, they became more influenced by ________ ____.
This lead to:
b. __________: an intellectual movement that focused more on human __________
and achievements
i. Popularized the study of ________, literature, and _______ (all are known
as ___________)
c. Worldly pleasure: Humanists suggested that a person could enjoy life without
____________ ______
i. Ex. Wealthy could enjoy material ________, good music, and ______ _____
5. The Renaissance Man and Woman
a. Renaissance Man: One strove to be a master in _________ area of ________
i. Expected to be __________, ________, and well educated in the classics
ii. Also should be a skilled _________, wrestler, and _________
b. Renaissance Woman: _______-_______ women should know the classics and be
charming
i. Not expected to _______ ________
ii. Inspire art but not ________ _____
iii. Little influence in ________
Guided Reading Activity - The Italian States
(QUIZ GRADE)
Directions: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct
heading and subheading to help you write each answer. Answers must be in complete sentences!
The Major Italian States (Pg. 342-345)
A. What were the major territorial states?
B. How did these states rise to power, and what kind of power did they have?
C. Milan possessed which main trade routes?
D. During the late 1400’s, Florence experienced an economic decline. Why?
E. How did the growth of monarchical states in Europe affect the Italian states?
F. What book did Niccolo Machiavelli write? And who has it influenced the most?
G. What did Machiavelli think about the connection between politics and moral
principles?
Renaissance Society (Pg. 346-347)
H. What was expected of the nobility in Renaissance society? Be specific.
I. Describe the lives of the urban upper class in Renaissance society.
J. What type of jobs did burghers hold?
The
Renaissa
K. What was the purpose of marriage?
L. What was the role of the mother-wife in the Italian family?
Summary and Reflection
Directions: Summarize the Renaissance and identify why it started in Italy.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with its definition.
A. Burghers
________ 1. States ruled by hereditary leader
B. Mercenaries
________ 2. Members of the middle class who lived in a city or town
________ 3. Soldiers who fight primarily for money
________ 4. Aristocrats
________ 5. A form of government in which the leader is not a king and
certain citizens have the right to vote
.
________ 6. Machiavelli’s view influenced political activity because he believed
A. a prince should always honor his word.
B. a ruler should behave based on Christian principles.
C. politics should not be influenced by moral principles.
D. a nobleman should live a life of virtue.
________ 7. Which group made up the majority of the European population?
A. nobility
C. burghers
B. urban upper class
D. workers/peasants
C. Monarchies
D. Republics
E. Nobility
The Renaissance: Renaissance Painters/Sculptors
(PPT Notes)
1. Renaissance Art
a. Artists were supported by __________ like Isabella d’Este and the
__________
b. Medieval artists used __________ __________ to convey a spiritual ideal
c. Renaissance artists will portray religious subjects but will use realistic styles
copied from classical models & ____________ and ______________
d. Renaissance painters used ____________ which showed _______
dimensions on a flat surface with a vanishing point in the middle
e. Often times _________ was used: painting on ______ __________
2. Famous Artists
a. ________________
i. Renaissance man: _________, painter, __________, and _______
ii. Famous for way he portrayed the _________ _________
iii. Famous works:
1. Statue of ________
2. Ceiling of the __________ Chapel
3. ___________ of St. Peter’s
b. _____________
i. Made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expression
that revealed _________________.
ii. _________________________________
iii. Also sculpted a __________- favorite subject of Renaissance ________
c. ______________________
i. ___________, sculptor, inventor, and ___________
ii. Interested in _____________________ (veins in a leaf and muscle work)
iii. Famous works:
1. _______________,
2. The ____________,
3. Virgin on the Rocks
iv. The _______________ featured many of his paintings
d. ______________
i. Learned from studying _____________ and ______________
ii. One of favorite subjects was ______________ and Child (Virgin Mary)
iii. Famous works:
1. __________________
2. __________ of the __________
Textbook Assignments - Read pages 348 – 353
QUIZ GRADE
Directions: Read the lesson and complete the outline below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the
blanks.
I. Italian Renaissance Humanism
A. __________________, an important intellectual movement of the Renaissance, was based on the
study of the __________________, which included the literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
B. __________________, known as the father of Italian Renaissance humanism, began the emphasis
on using pure classical __________________.
C. Some Italian writers, such as __________________, author of the Divine Comedy, wrote in the
__________________, the local spoken language.
II. Renaissance Education
A. The increasingly __________________ focus of education in the humanist movement led to a core
of topics called __________________.
B. Humanist educators believed that the purpose of education was to help individuals reach their
_______________________, and to possess _________________________ to help others take the
same path.
C. German printer __________________ pioneered a new kind of printing that used
__________________.
D. The printing of books encouraged scholarly __________________ and helped stimulate the reading
public’s desire to acquire __________________.
III. Italian Renaissance Art
A. Two major developments, an emphasis on the __________________ side of painting and study of
movement and human __________________, helped Renaissance artists achieve the realistic portrayal
of the individual.
B. Like painters, Renaissance __________________ and __________________ sought to portray a
human-centered world.
C. During the High Renaissance, master painters such as Raphael, __________________, and
__________________ captured the perfection of nature and of the individual in their art.
The Renaissance in Europe
IV. The Northern Artistic Renaissance
A. Flemish painter __________________, who was among the first to use the technique of
__________________, portrayed objects realistically by focusing on their fine details.
Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below.
How did the ideas of the Renaissance influence art and education?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
________ 1. As a result of Petrarch’s finding and using classical Latin manuscripts,
A. other languages became important during the Renaissance.
B. humanist ideas spread throughout scholarly works.
C. people found it more difficult to study.
D. the works of ancient Greeks were ignored.
________ 2. Using movable type for printing in Europe led to increased
A. participation in government.
B. wealth for peasants.
C. rates of literacy in Europe.
D. land ownership for nobles.
________ 3. The human-focused style of Renaissance artists resulted in art that
A. celebrated religion.
B. imitated the flat art of medieval times.
C. fit in small spaces.
D. used perspective to represent three dimensions.
________ 4. The humanists’ purpose for educating people was to
A. prepare people for religious lives.
B. produce scholars of ancient literature.
C. make people more artistic.
D. create well-rounded citizens.
The Renaissance: Renaissance Writers
1. Changes
a. Many writers followed Dante who wrote in the ___________
b. Vernacular: Writers wrote in their ________________ rather than ________ or ______
c. This could include ________, German, _________, and French
d. Renaissance writers wrote for ________________ or to portray the individuality of
their subjects- started ________ that modern writers still follow
2. Writers
a. ___________
i. Italian _________, writer, _________, philosopher, and _____________
ii. Born in ____________, Italy
iii. Referred to as the __________________________________
iv. Wrote “The _____________________”
1. Epic poem about Dante’s travels through _______, Purgatory, & ___________
2. __________ into _______ parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradisio
b. ____________
i. Sometimes called the _________ of humanism
ii. Great poet- wrote in both _______ and Latin
iii. Wrote __________ (14 line poems) about a mysterious woman named ________
iv. Little is known of Laura other than she died of ____________ in 1348
c. ____________
i. Wrote the ________________
1. Told in Italy during the ________________
2. About __________ and ________ who hide in a villa for two weeks and tell a
different story each night
3. A series of ___________, sometimes off-colored ___________
4. The Decameron presents both __________ and ________ views of life
d. Machiavelli
i. Wrote ______________
ii. Explains how a ___________ can gain power and keep it in spite of his enemies
iii. Said most people are _________, fickle, and _________
iv. Not concerned with what was morally right but what was ___________ __________
v. This may involve ______________ your people
Result: Renaissance writers wrote in ____________ and about people and life rather than
about _______ and set many trends that are still used today by ___________ writers.
The Reformation:
Martin Luther and the Reformation
1. Setting the stage:
a. By the tenth century, the _____________________ dominated religious life in
Northern and Western ______________.
b. Many people began to ___________ the Church’s ____________
c. People felt that Church leaders were too interested in _________ pursuits, such as
gaining ___________ and ___________ power
 Reformation: A movement of __________ _________.
2. Causes of the Reformation (Weaknesses of the Church):
a. Social:
i. Renaissance values led to people to ___________ the Church
ii. The __________ _________ helped to spread ideas critical of the Church
b. Political:
i. _________ (kings) challenged the Church as the ________ power in Europe
ii. Many leaders viewed the pope as a _______ ______ and challenged his
authority
c. Economic:
i. European princes and kings were ___________ of the Church’s _________
ii. Merchants and others __________ having to pay _______ to the Church
d. Religious:
i. Some Church leaders had become __________ (secular) and __________
ii. Many people found Church practices such as ____________ as unacceptable
e. Other examples:
i. Pope Alexander VI admitted that he had __________________________
ii. Many priests and monks were poorly ________ and couldn’t ______ people
iii. Other clergy ___________, drank, or ____________
iv. Simony, Lay investiture, and the age old division of Church vs. State
3. Luther Challenges the Church
a. Martin Luther
i. Parents wanted him to be a ________, became a ______ and ______ instead
ii. Taught scripture at University of ___________ in German state of ________
iii. His 95 Theses began the ________________
iv. Martin Luther believed it was ok for clergy to __________ and he did
b. 95 Theses
i. Luther took a stand against ________ _________ who was selling
indulgences to pay for the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Cathedral in ________
ii. Indulgences: _________________________________________________
___________________________.
iii. Indulgences were not supposed to affect God’s ________________
iv. Tetzel gave people impression that they were buying their way into _______
v. On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther posted his ___________ on the door of
the castle church in _____________
vi. The 95 Theses were _________ statements attacking “_________merchants”
vii. Martin Luther’s actions began the _____________
c. Luther’s Teachings
i. _______ ________ not needed for salvation, a person could win salvation
based on f_______
ii. Church teachings should be based on _______ not _______ or Church
traditions which could be corrupt or false
iii. Priests not needed to interpret the Bible because all people with faith were
___________
d. Response to Luther
i. Pope Leo X threatened Luther with ________________ if he didn’t take
back his statements
ii. Instead of taking statements back, Luther b_________ the pope’s decree
iii. Leo then e________________ Luther
iv. Holy Roman Emperor _____________ (Catholic) summoned Luther to
Worms in 1521 to _________ (take back) his statements
v. Charles issues _______ of ________ ---> declared Luther an outlaw and
heretic and no one was to give him f_____ or s__________
vi. ____________ the Wise of Saxony sheltered Luther ---> While there, Luther
translated the _____ __________ into __________
vii. In 1522 Luther returned to Wittenberg and his followers became known as
________________
viii. The princes in Germany that supported Luther banded together to ________
against those who were against Luther’s ideas, became known as
_________
Result: Because of Martin Luther’s actions, Christianity has two main branches in the
Western world: ___________ and ____________.
What drove Martin Luther to write the 95 Theses and
what was the outcome of that action?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
VOCABULARY
Renaissance:
Patrons:
Humanism:
Perspective:
Vernacular:
Utopia:
Sonnet:
Reformation:
Heretic:
Indulgence:
Clergy:
Lutherans:
Secular:
Protestant: