Download Digestive and excretory systems

DIGESTIVE AND
EXCRETORY SYSTEMS
CLASS NOTES
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS
1) Esophagus
2) Stomach
3) Small Intestine
4) Large Intestine
5) Gallbladder
6) Liver
7) Pancreas
8) Appendix
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1) The digestive system breaks down the food eat into
smaller pieces.
2) The digestive system absorbs nutrients for our body.
3) It takes the body roughly 24 hours to digest food.
ESOPHAGUS
The Esophagus is a tube that connects the mouth to the
stomach.
On the esophagus is a small flap called the Epiglottis that
covers the windpipe when you swallow.
STOMACH
The stomach is a stretchy sac that helps break down food
using hydrochloric acid.
As you eat the stomach stretches like a balloon.
SMALL INTESTINE
The small intestine is 20 feet long.
It continues to break down food and absorb nutrients.
The three parts of the small intestine are the duodenum,
jejunum and the ileum.
Food stays in the small intestine for 4-8 hours.
LARGE INTESTINE
The large intestine is 5 feet long.
It absorbs water and gets waste from the small intestine.
The waste stays in the large intestine for 10 – 12 hours.
GALLBLADDER
The gallbladder stores bile which helps break down and use
fats.
The gallbladder is located directly under the liver.
LIVER
The liver detoxifies the body.
It produces antibodies and bile.
The liver stores vitamins and sugars and regulates amino
acids.
PANCREAS
The pancreas produces insulin which helps break down
sugars.
People with diabetes have trouble producing insulin in the
correct amounts.
ENZYMES
Without enzymes the digestive system could not function.
The enzymes are the molecules in the body that break down
all the food.
Any enzyme that digest proteins are called protease.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Organs in the Excretory System:
1) Skin
2) Lungs
3) Liver
4) Kidneys
5) Urinary Tract
6) Large Intestine
7) Appendix
8) Colon
9) Anus
FUNCTIONS OF THE
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1) To eliminate solid and metabolic waste.
a) Solid waste is feces.
b) Metabolic waste includes water, carbon dioxide, salts and
urea.
Egestion – the removal of digestive waste.
Excretion – the removal of metabolic waste.
SKIN
The skin allows water, salt, urea to diffuse from the blood
into the sweat glands.
The sweat glands then release the waste through the pores
of the skin.
LUNGS
The lungs excrete carbon dioxide and water through Cellular
Respiration.
LIVER
The liver removes excess amino acids and excretes it in
urine.
KIDNEYS
The kidneys purify the blood by eliminating water, salts, food
and urea through the urine.
URINARY TRACT
Includes the kidney, bladder, ureter and the urethra.
The kidneys produce the urine, the ureters carry the urine
from the kidneys to the bladder, the bladder stores the urine
and the urethra is the tube that excretes the urine.
LARGE INTESTINE
The large intestine eliminates undigested food, water and
bacteria through the anus.
The colon is located at the end of the large intestine and
stores feces.
The appendix is located at the end of the colon. Some
scientists think it is used to store good bacteria, others think
it is useless and left over from evolution.