Download Use of `do` as a full verb

Unit 6
SHIP TYPES
Be, Have, Do
6.1. ‘Be’, ‘Have’ and ‘Do’ as auxiliary verbs
The three verbs are auxiliary (or ‘helping’) verbs when they combine with other verbs to ‘help’
them complete their grammatical functions or meanings. In English, a lot of important meanings
are expressed by changes in the verb, for example: questioning, negation, time, completion,
continuation, repetition etc. The primary auxiliary verbs have irregular forms for:
(i) the third person singular, present (is, has, does);
(ii) past tense forms (was/were, had, did);
(iii) past participle forms (been, had, done).
A. Uses of ‘be’ as an auxiliary verb
The verb “to be” most frequently works in conjunction with another verb: “He is working on the
deck.” “She will be arriving this afternoon.” Occasionally, though, the verb will stand by itself,
alone, in a sentence. This is especially true in simple, brief answers to questions.
“Who's going to the movies with me?”
“I am.”
“Who's responsible for this mess in the engine room?”
“She is.”
In sentences such as these, the subject usually receives the intonation stress and the voice falls
off on the verb.
a. Be on its own or in combination with have, is used for continuous (progressive) tense
forms:
I am/ He is/ We are working.
I have been working.
b. Be combines with the past participle to form passives:
It was taken.
It can’t be done.
A form of the verb “to be” is combined with a past participle to form the passive. Passive verb
constructions are useful when the subject of an action is not as important as what the subject did
(the action of the sentence) or when the subject is unknown. Regardless of the verb's purpose,
only the auxiliary form of “to be” changes; the participle stays the same. The “to be” will change
form to indicate whether the subject is singular or plural:

The passenger ship is constructed with many decks.

They were constructed by highly qualified workers.
The “to be” will also change to indicate the time of the action and the aspect of the verb (simple,
progressive, perfect).

Water is pumped out of the ship in case of flooding. (simple present)

Some plates were moved to other shipyards. (simple past)

While the water was being pumped out, workers would enter the top of the waterproof
chamber. (past progressive)

Many other uses of thrusters have been explored. (present perfect)

Ships had been used by the ancient Romans. (past perfect)

Other uses will be found. (future)
The “to be” verb can be combined with other modal forms (along with the past participle of the
main verb) to convey other kinds of information.

The bulkheads may be weakened if the keel can't be rebuilt.

Perhaps the upper decks should be replaced; I think they ought to be.

These ancient, sturdy structures might have been rotted by constant exposure to water.
When “to be” verbs are combined with modal forms in this manner, the construction is called a
phrasal modal. Here are some more examples:

Rosario was able to finish her degree by taking online courses.

She wasn't supposed to graduate until next year.

She will be allowed to participate in commencement, though.

She is about to apply to several graduate programs.

She is going to attend the state university next fall.
Sometimes it is difficult to say whether a “to be” verb is linking a subject to a participle or if the
verb and participle are part of a passive construction. In “Certain behaviors are allowed,” is "are”
linking “behaviors” to "allowed" (a participle acting as a predicate adjective) or is “are allowed”
a passive verb? Consider the difference between


The jurists were welcomed.
and
The jurists were welcome.
In the first sentence, the participle “welcomed” (in this passive construction) emphasizes the
action of welcoming: the smiles, the hearty greetings, the slaps on the back. In the second
sentence, the predicate adjective “welcome” describes the feeling that the jurists must have had
upon being so welcomed.
B. Uses of ‘have’ as an auxiliary verb
a. Have + past participle forms simple perfect tenses:
I have/He has eaten.
I had eaten.
b. Have + been + present participle forms perfect continuous tense:
I have/ I had been eating.
c. Have + been + past participle forms passives:
It has been eaten.
She must have been delayed.
Questions/negatives with be and have as auxiliary verbs follow the same pattern as those
for be as a full verb. Have can function as an auxiliary and full verb in the same sentence.
d. Had better + infinitive
You had better hurry.
You had better not miss the ferry.
C. Uses of ‘do’ as an auxiliary verb
a. The most important use of do as an auxiliary verb is that it combines with the base form
of verbs to make questions and negatives in the simple present and simple past tenses,
and is used in place of a verb in short answers and question tags. Note that do can
function both as an auxiliary verb and as a full verb in the same sentence:
Do (auxiliary verb) you do (full verb) your duty according to the schedule?
I don’t like trout.
Does he know I’m here? – Yes, he does.
You know the engineer, don’t you?
In formal writing, business letters and messages on the ship, use:
DO / DOES / DID + NOT + MAIN VERB
We do not require assistance.
b. Do is also used for emphasis:
Do sit down!
I did turn the gas off.
Drive carefully! – I do drive carefully.
c. Do is used in place of a verb in Present Simple:
I like reading books and my friend does, too.
6.2. ‘Be’, ‘have’, ‘do’, full verbs
Be is a full verb when it combines with adjectives and nouns; have is a full verb when it is used
to mean ‘possess’ etc.; do is a full verb when it is used to mean ‘perform an activity’.
A. ‘Be’ as a full verb

Uses of ‘be’ in the imperative
The imperative of be is restricted to the following combinations:
a. Be + noun
Many combinations of be (affirmative) + noun are idiomatic:
Be a man!
Be an angel and fetch my glasses, please.
Don’t be + noun is much more common and very often refers to (foolish) behaviour:
Don’t be a clown/ a fool/ an idiot/ an imbecile!
Be can have the sense of ‘become’ especially in advertisements:
Be a better cook!
Be the envy of everybody!
Be is also used to mean ‘pretend to be’, especially after you:
(You) be the teacher and I’ll be the student.
b. Be + adjective
Only adjectives referring to passing behaviour can be used after be/ don’t be:
Be quiet! (I won’t!)
Don’t be so impatient! (I’m not!)
c. Be + past participle:
Be prepared! (please)
Be seated!
Be warned!

‘There’ + ‘be’
Notes on the form and pronunciation of there + be
The singular form there’s is often used informally in place of there are to refer to the plural:
There are lots of cars on the roads these days.
There’s a car and a man in our garden.
When we are talking about existence, there is/there’s and there are are unstressed.
When we use ‘there’ + ‘be’ combinations
We use there + be combinations when we are talking or asking about the existence of people,
things, etc. It is more idiomatic and ‘natural’ to say:
There’s a man at the door than to say A man is at the door.
The verb “to be” also acts as a linking verb, joining the sentence subject with a subject
complement or adjective complement. A linking verb provides no action to a sentence: the
subject complement re-identifies the subject; the adjective complement modifies it. (For further
information and additional vocabulary in dealing with linking verbs, visit the hyperlinks in this
paragraph.)
Mister Johns is the Director of the Shipping Company.
Our voyage to Japan was fantastic!
Other uses of be
Be can also be used in contexts to express: events, identity, age, nationality, jobs,
possessions, cost, number, qualities, feelings, right/wrong, early/late.
Seven plus three is ten.
I think you’re mistaken.
When we use “to be” verbs in a tag question, the basic formula follows: the verb is
combined with a pronoun and sometimes with not (usually in a contracted form). Positive
statements are followed by negative tags; negative statements by positive tags.

Robert Frost was America's favorite poet, wasn't he?

He wasn't widely accepted in this country at first, was he?

You were going to skip this poem, weren't you?

There were several typographical errors in this anthology, weren't there? (Be careful here.
It's not “weren't they.”)

I am not a very good reader, am I?

I'm a better reader than you, aren't I?
(Don't try to make sense of this last construction. It is acceptable. In very formal text, you might
write “am I not” instead. “Ain't” is not regarded as acceptable except in text attempting to
duplicate substandard speech.)
Order with Adverbs
Notice that adverbs of frequency normally appear after forms of the verb “to be”:

As a student, he was seldom happy.

Arturo is always first in line.

They were never on time.
Notice that the adverb still appears after “To be” verbs but before other main verbs:

My brother-in-law still works for the bank.

He is still a teller after twenty years.
An adverb can be interposed between the infinitive “To be” and a participle, as in the following
sentences. The fear of splitting an infinitive is without grounds in this construction.

This medicine has to be carefully administered.

She turned out to be secretly married to her childhood sweetheart.
Unnecessary Uses of “To Be”
Even a casual review of your writing can reveal uses of the verb “to be” that are unnecessary and
that can be removed to good effect. In a way, the “to be” verb doesn't do much for you — it just
sits there — and text that is too heavily sprinkled with “to be” verbs can feel sodden, static.

He wanted a medication that was prescribed by a physician.

She recognized the officer who was chasing the crook.

Anyone who is willing to work hard will succeed in this program.

It was Alberto who told the principal about the students' prank. (Notice that the “it was”
brought special emphasis to “Alberto,” an emphasis that is somewhat lost by this change.)

A customer who is pleased is sure to return. A pleased customer is sure to return. (When
we eliminate the “To be” and the relative pronoun, we will also have to reposition the
predicate adjective to a pre-noun position.)
Fixed expressions with “be”

‘Let … be’ (to advise someone not to try to change a situation)
Do you think you can help him to go on another voyage?
I would let him be.

‘to be fair / to be honest / to be frank etc.’ (to indicate how you feel about what you are
going to say next)
I don’t like the new cadet a lot, but to be fair, he is very skilled.

‘as….. can be / as …could be’ (as much as possible)
After passing the exam she was as happy as she could be.

‘….. –to-be’ (added to nouns as husband, father etc.)
The bridegroom-to-be was very excited.

‘it’s been one of those days’ (to say you’ve had a busy and tiring day)
You look tired.
Yes, it’s been one of those days.

‘it’s been ages since’ (to emphasize the length of time since something last happened)
It’s been ages since my son in law left in a voyage.

‘for the time being’ (temporarily)
You can leave your luggage in the reception for the time being.

‘all things being equal’ (if there are no other factors that will affect the situation)
All things being equal, women are better language learners than men.
B. ‘Have’ as a full verb = ‘possess’; have got = ‘possess’
a. Notes on the forms of have and have got = ‘possess’
Have and have got (= possess) are often interchangeable, but there are differences between
British and American usage.
Have got is basically a perfect form. Compare the following:
a) get (obtain)
b) have got (= possess)
A. Go and get the tickets.
A. Have you got the tickets?
What have you got?
B. I’ve got the tickets.
(= I have obtained them)
B. Yes, I’ve got the tickets
(= I possess them)
In British English have got can be used as the perfect form of get to mean ‘have obtained’,
as in a) above. This meaning is emphasized in the American English form have gotten, which
always means have obtained. However, in British English (more rarely in American English)
have got can also mean “possess” – as in b) above, so that I have the tickets = I have got the
tickets.
Have got (= possess) is normally used only for present reference:
I’ve got a Ford.
The affirmative had got is sometimes possible in the past, but had on its own is generally
preferred:
The officer looked lovely. His uniform had (got) a nice coat.
We can never use had got for certain states:
He had (not had got) long hair when he was a teenager.
Had got is generally used in its original sense of ‘had obtained’
By May I will have got a new car.
Have got in the passive is impossible.
The motor has been got repaired this morning.
Hasn’t got is usually possible as an alternative to didn’t have:
I didn’t have (hadn’t got) an appointment, so I made one for 4 p.m.
In questions, the usual form is Did you have…?
Did you have an appointment?
When did you have one?
Some forms of have (= possess) are rare or not encountered at all:
-
the short form of the affirmative especially in the third person (he’s/ she’s). The full form is
used:
He/She has a pen.
-
the unabridged negative. The contracted form is normal.
I haven’t (or hadn’t) a pen.
-
some question – forms, except when formed with do:
Who’s got the maintenance report?
Compare:
The building’s empty. It’s empty. (= The building is empty. / It is empty.)
The mechanic’s got new tools. He’s got new tools. (= The mechanic has got new tools. / He
has got new tools.)
The non-standard form ain’t got is commonly heard in a place of haven’t got or hasn’t got:
I ain’t got my bag. She ain’t got her bag.
Similarly, have and has are often omitted before got:
I got my car outside. (for I have got)
When we use ‘have’ and ‘have got’ = possess
In all the examples below have can be replaced by have got in the present and sometimes in
the past. Short forms with got (I’ve got) are much more common than full forms (I have got),
especially in speech:

In the sense of ‘own’ or ‘possess’:
I have (got) a new briefcase.

In the sense of be able to ‘provide’:
Do you have/ Have you (got) any ink? (= Can you let me have some?)

Have (got) + number (of things)/quantity of a substance:
I have (got) fourteen springs.
I have (got) a lot of lubricating oil.

Possession of physical characteristics Have or Have got combine with nouns like: a
beard, blue eyes, long hair, a scar, a slim figure, to describe appearance:
You should see our baby. He has (got) big brown eyes.
Our ship has (got) five holds.

Possession of mental and emotional qualities:
Have and have got combine with nouns like: faith, a good mind, patience, a quick temper, to
describe character:
She has (got) nice manners, but she has (got) a quick temper.

Family relationships:
I have (got) two sisters.

Contacts with other people:
I have (got) a good dentist. (i.e. whom I can recommend to you)

In the sense of ‘wear’:
That’s a nice shirt you have/you’ve got.

Illnesses
Have and have got combine with nouns describing pains and illnesses. For the use of a/an with
such nouns:
I have (got) a cold/a bad headache.
The baby has (got) measles.

Arrangements
Have and have got combine with nouns like: an appointment, a conference, a date, an interview,
a meeting, time, etc.:
Sally has (got) an interview for a job today.

Options
Have and have got combine with nouns like: an idea, influence, an objection, an opinion, a point
of view, a proposal, a suggestion:
I have (got) an idea!
Have you (got) any objection to this proposal?

In the sense of ‘there is’:
You have (got) a stain on your coat. (= there is a stain on your coat)
You have (got) sand in your hair. (= there is sand in your hair)
b. Have used in idiomatic expressions. In all these cases, have has the forms of an ordinary verb.
Questions and negatives are made with do, did; progressive tenses are possible. Got is not used.
There are no contractions or weak forms. On these occasions we are using ‘have’ as an action
verb with its meaning of take, receive etc. Some of the most common idioms with have are:
have a bath/ a shower/ a wash/ a shave/ a rest/ a lie-down/ a sleep/ a dream
have breakfast/ lunch/ tea/ dinner/ a meal/ a drink/ coffee/ a beer/ a glass of wine
to have a holiday/ a day off/ a good time/ a nice evening/ a bad day
to have a talk/ a chat/ a conversation/ a disagreement/ a row/ a quarrel/ a fight/ a word
with somebody
to have a swim/ a walk
to have a try/ a go
to have a look
to have a guess
to have a baby
to have difficulty (in....-ing); to have trouble (in....-ing)
to have a (nervous) breakdown
c. Special verb patterns with have.
HAVE + PRONOUN/NOUN PHRASE + verb-ing
He had us working every night. (made us work)
HAVE + PRONOUN/NOUN PHRASE + PAST PARTICIPLE
John is having his car repaired. (The meaning is ‘causing to happen’)
C. ‘Do’ as a full verb
Use of ‘do’ as a full verb
a. Do = perform an activity or task
Do often has the sense of ‘work at’ or ‘be engaged in something’. Doing something can be
deliberate or accidental. We can use other verbs than do to answer questions like:
What are you doing?
I’m reading. (i.e. that is what I’m doing)
What did you do this morning?
I wrote some letters. (i.e. that’s what I did)
What have you done?
I’ve broken this vase. (i.e. that’s what I’ve done)
b. The use of do to avoid repeating a previous verb.
We can use do to avoid repeating a previous verb:
The apprentice works 16 hours a day. I don’t know how he does it.
Clean the engine room. – I’ve already done it/done so.
We can avoid repeating the verb in short answers, such as:
Shall I clean the floor? –Yes, do/No, don’t.
c. ‘Do’ = ‘be in the wrong place’
Used in this sense, do often conveys disapproval:
- of present results of past actions:
What are those magazines doing on the floor? (i.e. they shouldn’t
be there)
- of people:
What are those boys doing in our shipyard? (i.e. we disapprove of
their presence not their actions)
d. Do before gerunds
We can use do + gerund to refer to named tasks:
I’ve done the shopping/the ironing/the washing up.
e. ‘Do’ and ‘make’ compared
These two words have similar meanings, and it is often difficult to choose between them.
When we talk about an activity without saying exactly what it is, we use do.
Do something!
I don’t know what to do.
Make conveys the sense of create; Do (often suggesting be engaged in an activity) is a more
general term:
What are you doing? I’m making a sandwich.
What are you making?
A sandwich.
Both do and make can be used in a variety of fixed combinations. Here is a brief selection:
Do + one’ s best/ business with someone/ damage to something/ one’ s duty/ an experiment;
someone a favour/ good/ harm/ a good turn/ a job/ something for a living/ one’s homework/ the
housework/ the dishes/ the cooking/ the shopping/ physical exercises/ what you like … etc.
Do your duty!
Make + an accusation against someone/ an agreement with (someone)/ an appointment/ an
arrangement/ an offer/ a suggestion/ a decision/ an attempt/ an effort/ an excuse/ an exception/ a
fortune/ a mistake/ a noise/ a habit of ...-ing/ a phone call/ the most of...../ the best of.../ money/ a
profit/ love/ war/ peace/ the bed …etc.
They made an appointment with the Captain.
f. ‘Do’ in fixed expressions
Do occurs in numerous fixed expressions such as:
What does he do? (i.e. What work does he do for a living?)
That’ll do! (i.e. That will be enough!)
How many miles does it do to the gallon? (i.e. do = go)
This simply won’t do. (It’s unacceptable.)
How do you do? (formal greeting)
How did you do? (How did you manage?)
I could do with a glass of water. (I would like a glass of water.)
It's got nothing to do with me. (i.e. It doesn’t concern me.)
I can do without a car. (manage without a car)
I was done! (i.e. cheated)
Shall I do your room out? (i.e. clean it)
You did me out of my share. (i.e. cheated me)
He never goes shopping on Monday. Neither do I.
g. ‘Do so’ The expression ‘do so’ can sometimes be used to avoid repeating a verb. We may use
‘do so’ to refer to an action which we have already mentioned. It is most common in the formal
style, and is used especially before adverbs and adverb phrases.
He told me to open the door, and I did so as quietly as possible.
6.3. Grammar Practice
Exercise 1
Be as main verb; there + be
Magic store has been rebuilt and is going to reopen soon. Danny Lock, the manager, is talking to
Sarah Bland, a reporter from the local radio station.
Make the correct form of be each time it occurs. When there is no subject, put in there.
Sarah: Well, this (1 not be) (isn’t) Magic store as I remember it. In fact, (2 be) (there’s) a
completely different feel about the place now. Tell me, Danny, (3 be) many changes to
the building itself?
Danny: Yes, we’ve made a lot of changes. In fact, (4 be) a whole new wing which didn’t exist
before. It (5 be) our new ‘Focus on Youth’ department.
Sarah: And (6 be) any particular problems in all this reorganization?
Danny: Yes, (7 be) several difficulties, especially with the actual rebuilding, which is still going
on. But we (8 be) sure that the store (9 be) ready to reopen in two week’s time. (10 not
be) any delays.
Sarah: Magic store (11 be) bigger in the future. So (12 be) more people on your staff?
Danny: Yes, indeed. (13 be) a lot of new faces in the store when we reopen.
Sarah: (14 be) time to see the new wing now? I’d like to take some photographs.
Danny: Oh, what a pity! It (15 be) open until five minutes ago, but the workmen have just gone
home and locked it up. It (16 not be) open again now till tomorrow morning.
Exercise 2
Have as main verb; have as action verb; have got
Some of the staff of Supreme Sports Equipment are having a meal in a restaurant at the end of
their Sales Conference.
Complete the dialogues. Make verb forms using the words in brackets together with a suitable
form of have or have got. More than one answer may be possible.
a. Rose and Joe are looking at the menu
Rose: Mm. (1 They) (= They have/They’ve got) some pizzas with interesting names. ‘Pizza
Bella Palermo’ – I think (2 I) that. What (3 you), Joe?
Joe: (4 I) the fish. (5 I) a pizza here last week, and I didn’t like it much.
b. Two sales directors, Helen and Alan, are talking
Helen: (6 you) a look at Frank’s report on his trip to Italy?
Alan: No, (7 I not) time to read it yet. In fact, (8 I not) a chance to read it until next week. (9 I)
so much work at the moment with the Sales Conference, (10 I not) a moment for
anything else.
c. Marie is talking to Dave about company gossip
Marie: I hear Bill Clark has applied for a job with Merlin Sportswear. (11 he) any news about it?
Dave: I don’t think so. The last time I saw him (12 he) an interview, but (13 he not) any definite
news.
Exercise 3
Be and have as main verbs
Below are some sentences from science books. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of have
or be.
a. Many substances can exist as solids, liquids or gases, depending on temperature. One
example 1 ___ water. Water 2 _____ a freezing point of 0C and a boiling point of 100C.
this means that it 3 _____ a solid below 0C, and a gas above 100C.
b. A pyramid 4 _____ a solid object. The base of a pyramid 5 _____ square shape. The sides 6
_____ straight and flat, sloping up to a point. A cone also 7 _____ a point at the top, but it 8
_____ a circular base.
c. Blue whales 9 _____ the largest animals in the world, but bootlace worms 10 _____ the
longest. The blue whale also 11 _____ a long life and 12 _____ very heavy. The bootlace
worm’s life 13 _____ shorter and you could carry one in your hand.
d. Brontosaurus lived about 150 million years ago. An adult brontosaurus 14 _____ a length of
20 meters or more, and it 15 _____ up to 30 tones in weight. Why did it grow so large?
Scientists believe that its large size 16 _____ several uses, one of which 17 _____ to keep the
animal’s temperature almost the same all the time.
Exercise 4
Do as main verb
Complete this conversation between Frank and Terry, who live in the same student hostel. Make
a suitable verb phrase from the words in brackets, but remember that sometimes it will be
necessary to change do.
Frank: Terry, (1 you do) (= are you doing) anything special?
Terry: Not at the moment. (2 I just do) the crossword in today’s newspaper.
Frank: (3 you do) your essay yet?
Terry: Yes, (4 I do) it this afternoon.
Frank: Well, I was wondering. (5 you do) me a favour?
Terry: It depends what it is.
Frank: Will you take a look at my essay? (6 I do) my best, but I’m still not happy with it.
Terry: Yes, of course (7 I do) that for you. But perhaps (8 it not do) any good. (9 I not often do)
very good essays myself, you know!
Frank: Everyone says (10 you do) the best one last time, anyway.
Terry: OK. We’ll discuss it in the morning. But (11 not do) any more work on it tonight, while
you’re tired. (12 nobody ever do) good work when they’re feeling sleepy.
Exercise 5
Be, have and do as auxiliary verbs
As usual, Eliza Box, the famous actress, has been met at the airport by reporters with a large
number of questions.
Fill in each blank with a suitable form of be, have or do. Use negative forms and short forms (‘m,
n’t etc.) where necessary.
‘Miss Box, 1 _____ (=are) you intending to stay here long?’
‘No, I 2 ______ staying long in your beautiful country. I 3 ______ know exactly how long I 4
______ staying, but probably only a few days. I 5 _____ only taking a short holiday here, you
know.’
‘Miss Box, there 6 _____ been stories that you 7 _____ going to get married again, to David
Klein, the theatre millionaire. 8 _____ your visit here have any connection with that?’
‘No, it 9 _____ . of course, David and I 10 _____ know each other for years, but we 11 _____
just good friends. We 12 _____ made any plans to get married.’
’13 _____ you got any plans to meet Mr. Klein while you’re here?’
‘No special plans. But we may meet unexpectedly at someone’s party. We usually 14 _____ .’
‘Last week, Leo Spence, the theatre director, said he 15 _____ going to offer the part of Juliet to
a younger actress – not to you, as everyone 16 _____ expected. Can you comment?’
‘Actually, I 17 _____ heard anything about Mr. Spence’s production until three months ago. And
I immediately told my agent I 18 _____ want the part. Nowadays I 19 _____ find the part of
Juliet a very interesting one.’
Exercise 6
Complete each sentence with a suitable form of make or do.
a. Wait a minute. I’m doing my hair at the moment.
b. Please don’t ………. so much noise.
c. My father ………. most of the cooking in our house.
d. Oh dear, I think I’ve ………. a mistake.
e. Are you going to ………. Michael a birthday cake?
f. We sat in the room for ages and just ………. nothing.
g. They ………. Harry an offer which he couldn’t refuse.
h. Don’t forget to ………. your homework before you go out.
i. When you have ………. this exercise, try the next one.
j. Could you ………. me a cup of coffee?
Exercise 7
Choose the correct word underlined in each sentence.
a. Would you like to go/have/make for a walk later?
b. Martin said he couldn’t come and did/made/took an excuse.
c. Sue did/made/took friends with the family next door.
d. I’m going to have/make/go a bath now.
e. Did you do/go/make shopping yesterday?
f. Let’s do/make/take some photos of the class.
g. I think I’ve done/made/taken a mistake.
h. What time are we doing/having/taking lunch?
Exercise 8
Rewrite each sentence so that it contains an expression which includes the verb have.
a. A few days of our holiday still remain.
……………………………………………………………….
b. Old Mrs. Jones can’t climb stairs very easily.
……………………………………………………………….
c. I don’t want to hear you complaining any more!
……………………………………………………………….
d. I do not intend to call the police.
……………………………………………………………….
e. I don’t want to be a nuisance.
……………………………………………………………….
f. I really don’t know where we are.
……………………………………………………………….
g. I am pleased to inform you that you have won first prize.
……………………………………………………………….
h. I can’t remember posting the letter.
……………………………………………………………….
i. I went to the hairdresser’s this afternoon.
……………………………………………………………….
j. Last Monday was a holiday for me.
………………………………………………………………
Exercise 9 According to your English knowledge, either write some sentences describing the
people and the animals, or write a story or a dialogue about the picture using the verbs be, have
and do as much as you can in all types of sentences.
Exercise 10.
Match the phrases from the first column with the sentences from the second to exercise the verb
do in fixed expressions.
1 What does he do?
2 That’ll do!
How many miles does it do to the
3
gallon?
4 This simply won’t do.
5 How do you do?
6 How did you do?
7 I could do with a glass of water.
8 It's got nothing to do with me.
_____ That will be enough!
_____ How far does it go?
_____
I manage without a car.
_____ I would like a glass of water.
_____ It doesn’t concern me.
_____ How do you do?
_____ I was cheated!
_____ It’s unacceptable.
9 I can do without a car.
10 I was done!
11 Shall I do your room out?
12 You did me out of my share.
13 He never goes shopping on Monday.
_____ What work does he do for a
living?
_____ You cheated me.
_____ Neither do I.
_____ Shall I clean it?
_____ How did you manage?
Key for exercises
Exercise 1. 3. have there been; 4. there’s; 5. will be/’ll be/’s; 6. have there been; 7. there have been; 8.
are/’re; 9. will be; 10. There won’t be; 11. will be; 12. will there be; 13. There will be; 14.
Will there be/Is there; 15. was; 16. won't be.
Exercise 2. 2. I’ll have; 3. are you having/will you have; 4. I’ll have/I’m having; 5. I had; 6. Have you
had/Did you have; 7. I haven’t had; 8. I won’t have; 9. I’ve got/I’ve/I have; 10. I haven’t got/I
don’t have/I won’t have; 11. Has he had; 12. he had had/he’d had; 13. he hadn’t had/he
hadn’t got.
Exercise 3. 1 is; 2 has; 3 is; 4 is; 5 is; 6 are; 7 has; 8 has; 9 has; 10 are; 11 has; 12 is; 13 is; 14 had; 15
was; 16 had; 17 was.
Exercise 4. 2 I’m just doing; 3 Have you done; 4 I did; 5 Will you do/Can you do; 6 I’ve done; 7 I’ll do;
8 it won’t do; 9 I don’t often do; 10 you did; 11 don’t do; 12 nobody ever does.
Exercise 5. 2 won’t be; 3 don’t; 4 ‘m/am; 5 ‘m/am; 6 have; 7 ‘re/are; 8 Does; 9 doesn’t; 10 have; 11
‘re/are; 12 haven’t; 13 Have; 14 do; 15 was; 16 had; 17 hadn’t; 18 didn’t; 19 don’t.
Exercise 6. a doing; b make; c does; d made; e make; f did; g made; h do; i done; j make.
Exercise 7. a go; b made; c made; d have; e go; f take; g made; h having.
Exercise 8. Suggested answers.
a. We still have a few days left of our holiday.
b. Old Mrs. Jones has difficulty climbing stairs.
c. I have had enough of your complaining.
d. I have no intention of calling the police.
e. I have no wish to be a nuisance.
f. I have no idea where we are.
g. I have the pleasure to inform you that you have won first prize.
h. I have no recollection of posting the letter.
i. I had my hair cut this afternoon.
j. I had last Monday off.
Exercise 10
What does he do? (What work does he do for a living?)
That’ll do! (That will be enough!)
How many miles does it do to the gallon? (How far does it go?)
This simply won’t do. (It’s unacceptable.)
How do you do? (How do you do?)
How did you do? (How did you manage?)
I could do with a glass of water. (I would like a glass of water.)
It's got nothing to do with me. (It doesn’t concern me.)
I can do without a car. (I manage without a car.)
I was done! (I was cheated!)
Shall I do your room out? (Shall I clean it?)
You did me out of my share. (You cheated me.)
He never goes shopping on Monday. Neither do I.
Bibliography
Understanding English Grammar by Martha Kolln. 4rth Edition. MacMillan Publishing
Company: New York. 1994.
Grammar Dimensions: Form, Meaning, and Use, #3 2nd Ed. by Jan Frodesen and Janet Eyring.
Heinle & Heinle: Boston. 1997.
An A-Z of English Grammar and Usage by Geoffrey Leech, Edition published by Thomas
Nelson and Sons Ltd 1991.
Practical English Usage by Michael Swan, Oxford University Press, 1994.
Active Grammar by W-D. Bald, D. J. Cobb, A. Schwartz, Longman, 1986.
English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm#complement