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NOTES: SUCCESSION PP. 405-410 EARTH’S LAYERS Geosphere • Earth’s rock interior that extends from the core to the crust Hydrosphere • Portion of earth that is water EARTH’S LAYERS Atmosphere • Mixture of gases that surrounds earth • 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases (H2O , & CO2) EARTH’S LAYERS Atmosphere • Ozone: absorbs most of the sun’s UV light. EARTH’S LAYERS Biosphere • • Portion of earth that contains life ~ 9 km above surface and ~11km below surface DISTURBANCE Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms DISTURBANCE Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms •Abiotic examples: droughts, fires, floods etc. DISTURBANCE Events that change communities, remove or destroy organisms • Abiotic Examples: droughts, fires, floods etc. • Biotic Examples: elephants tearing up trees, prairie dogs moving soil for burrows etc. • Human examples: bulldozing, paving etc. STABILITY Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions STABILITY Ability to withstand a disturbance and maintain constant conditions Pattern seen: ↑species richness and ↑ evenness leads to ↑ stability ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Sequential and gradual growth of a community 1. Primary succession occurs when community is first formed (expanding a community) • Microbes, lichens and mosses must create soil before other plants can grow. • Pioneer species: first species to dominate early in succession (small and fast growing) • Climax Community: marked by the domination of long-lived species and great diversity 2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the destruction of a climax community 2. Secondary succession: occurs when succession must start over after the disturbance of a climax community • Takes place on sites that have already supported life WHICH IS PRIMARY AND WHICH IS SECONDARY? DAY BEFORE ERUPTION 1980 ERUPTION TODAY http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/nat08_vid_travcom/ BUBBLE FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SUCCESSION Place the following terms in bubbles • Takes ~100 years • Takes over 100+ years • Creates an ecosystem • Makes a new ecosystem • Makes a pre-existing ecosystem • Pioneer species • Disturbance occurred • Ecosystem expanding • Makes soil • Soil already present