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BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Chapter 26 Notes Ecology Population Growth & Regulation ___________________ Islands – http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/easter/index.html Ecology “______________________ (Greek) – study of interrelationships between ___________________ things and their ___________________ environment – _________________All the members of the same species living in a geog. area – _________________Assemblage of populations of different species in a particular geographical area – _________________Also includes the biotic & abiotic factors in an area – _________________the global system-sum of all the planet’s ecosystems Population ______________ – Size of a population can _______________in response to environmental ______________ – Factors Population Size – Two __________________________ ____________________ Theoretical max. rate at which a population can increase ______________________ Factors preventing maximum growth potential ex: These two forces __________________ the population size 1 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. Biotic Potential Can Produce ________________________ Growth – As a result of natural selection, all organisms have evolved the capacity to reproduce ____________________ during their lifetime – Can rapidly increase if environmental resistance is ___________________ R = b - d (grow rate) (birth rate) (death rate) ___% ___% ____% ___% ___% ____% How is Population Growth Regulated? – Natural pops. ___________________ in growth rate, ___________________ when environ. forces allow them – ________________________ (J-Curve) a __________________________ accelerating increase in a population size Ex: Fig 26.2 Golden Eagle Hatchlings Ex: Fig 26.3 Bacteria 2 BIOLV01 – Algiers, K. ______________________________________ Exponential growth followed by a ____________, massive ____________ Ex: Fig 26-4 Photosynthetic Bacteria _____________________ Population Growth (S-curve) – Population ______________ up to a maximum number that the environment can sustain, then ___________________ – Stabilizes at _____________________________ Ex: Fig 26-6; 26-8: Barnacles 3 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. What happens if you exceed carrying capacity? Ex: Fig 26-7: Reindeer Natural conditions maintain population at or _______________ carrying capacity – If ________________ do not interfere – Many _______________ generate environmental resistance – __________________________factors – Limit pop. size ___________________ of the pop. density Climate: freeze in winter, floods, drought, fire Ex: Small, short lived annuals may be killed each winter before ever reach carrying capacity _________________________ factors – Ex: ________________________ in a dense population Factors that affect pop. with high density ______________, ______________, ______________ control density Predators Control Population Size Removing or introduction of a predator can _____________ an entire community http://chil.vcoe.org/eagle_cam.htm (know the Island Fox story) 4 BIOLV01 Algiers, K. How is the Human Population Changing? Fig 26-16 www.ibiblio.org/lunarbin/worldpop – __________________ – __________________ & __________________ – __________________ & __________________ Advances We have _____________________ some pressures from environmental resistance Trends in Human Population Size – Human population growth is ____________________ distributed – Developed Countries _____________________________________________________ _____________ standard of living, ______________, technology, contraceptives, ______________________ for both sex – 20% of world’s population Developing Countries _____________________________________________ _______________ the above advantages – Fig 26-18 Historical and projected world population – Fig 26-19 Age structure diagrams – Fig 26-20 Age structure diagrams of developed/developing countries – Fig 26-21 Population change by world regions READ Earth Watch P 504-505 – Amount of resources we need for humans is ____________________ the earth’s limits – ____________ of commercial ocean fish pop. Is used & overfished – Much of our agriculture land is suffering from _________________ – ________________ million people lack adequate food – Many people lack of __________________, __________________, ____________________ – ____________________ & ____________________ are a large threat 5 BIOLV01 The __________________ Mass Extinction – Algiers, K. As __________________ Population increases, __________________ of other species also increases It’s estimated that in 2008, we consumed __________________ of the resources that were sustainably available – _____________________________ - amount of resources needed to sustain the demands of an average person Myfootprint.org website What else can I do? – Myfootprint.org – The future of life by Edward O. Wilson Key Terms to Define from Chapter 26 1. abiotic 2. biotic 3. biotic potential 4. birth rate 5. boom-and-bust cycle 6. carrying capacity 7. clumped distribution 8. community 9. competition 10. death rate 11. density-dependent 12. density-independent 13. ecological footprint 14. ecology 15. ecosystem 16. emigratrion 17. environmental resistance 18. exponential growth 19. growth rate 20. host immigration 21. interspecific competition 22. intraspecific competition 23. J-curve 24. Logistic population growth 25. Parasite 26. Predator 27. population 28. predator 29. prey 30. random distribution 31. S-curve 32. uniform distribution Fill in the blanks Review Questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 6