Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance wikipedia , lookup
Selective breeding wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified organism containment and escape wikipedia , lookup
Key Stage 3 Science Name ________________________Tutor Group_______ Science Teacher _________________________________ Unit 9A Workbook Inheritance and Selection My target for this unit is: 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -1- What level am I working at? Learning Outcomes breeding plants selective breeding measuring variation inherited and environmental variation fertilisation I know that genetic information is passed from parent to offspring in genes I can name the male and female gametes in plants and animals I know how gametes are different to other cells I can describe what happens during fertilisation in animals I know that organisms inherit some characteristics from their parents I know some examples of inherited characteristics. Level I have revised this 5 5 6 6 4 5 I know some examples of environmental variation 5 I know some examples of inherited diseases 6 I know some examples of continuous and discontinuous variation 5 I can analyse data about variation and draw conclusions from my data 7 I can describe what selective breeding is 6 I can name some characteristics that are commercially useful in animals 6 I can describe how cross-breeding is carried out 6 I can describe what happens during fertilization in plants 6 I know some examples of useful characteristics in plants. 5 I can describe how plant breeders breed plants. 7 I can use a cross diagram to show how genetic characteristics can be inherited by offspring 8 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection I can do this -2- 9A Key Words and Phrases characteristics The features of an organism. DNA A large molecule that contains genes. gamete Scientific word for sex cell. gene A length of DNA that controls one inherited characteristic of an organism. genetic information The instructions that control your characteristics. These instructions are found on genes. inherited Passed on to an organism from its parents. variation The differences between things or organisms. fertilisation Fusing of the nucleus of a male sex cell with the nucleus of a female sex cell. environment The surroundings of an organism. environmental factors Things in an environment that can change something about an organism. resistant Something that is not affected by disease is said to be resistant to it. species A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring that will also be able to reproduce. variety A set of plants that are in some way different from other members of the same species. breed A set of animals that are in some way different from other members of the same species. breeding To mate two organisms of the same species to produce offspring. cross-breeding When different varieties or breeds are mated with one another. selective breeding When humans choose certain animals and plants that have useful characteristics and breed more of these organisms. yield How much of something useful to humans that an organism produces. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -3- ovary Part of the female reproductive organs in a plant. It contains ovules, each of which contains an egg cell. ovule Contains egg cells in plants. Found in the ovary. pollen The male sex cell (gamete) in plants. pollen tube Tube that grows from a pollen grain down through the stigma and style and into the ovary. pollination Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. seed Grows into a new plant. Made by conifers and flowering plants. stigma Part of the female reproductive organs in a plant. It is where pollen lands. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -4- Lesson 1 Fertilisation 1. Choose words from the box below to answer all the questions. cell division intestine ovary digestion fertilisation foetus genes sperm testis uterus ovum (egg) (a) A (i) What is the name of cell A? ............................................................. 1 mark (ii) Where is cell A produced? ............................................................. 1 mark (b) B (i) What is the name of cell B? ............................................................. 1 mark (ii) Where is cell B produced? ............................................................. 1 mark (c) C not to scale What process is shown in C? Choose your answer from the box above. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -5- ............................................................. 1 mark (d) The diagram shows a baby developing inside its mother. (i) Which word means an unborn baby? Choose your answer from the box above. ............................................................. 1 mark (ii) Where does the unborn baby develop? Choose your answer from the box above. ............................................................. 1 mark maximum 7 marks 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -6- Lesson 2 Fertilisation In Literacy Groups: After watching the video about human fertilisation, use the words in the box to create a flowchart of the structures that the Sperm passes to fuse with the Ova during Fertilisation. Fallopian Tube, Ova, Cervix, Uterus (Womb), Fertilisation, Vagina, Ejaculation _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -7- Lesson 3 Inherited & Environmental Variations 1. The drawings show identical twins, Sara and Helen, and their parents. (a) (i) father mother Sara Helen Sara and Helen have blue eyes like their mother. Describe how genetic information is passed on from a parent to a child. ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 2 marks (ii) Sara and Helen have brown hair like their father and blue eyes like their mother. Why do children have characteristics of both parents? ................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................ 1 mark (b) Sara and Helen are identical twins. Why do they have identical characteristics? ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................ 1 mark 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -8- (c) Sara now spends a lot of her time working outdoors in a hot country. Helen now works in an office in England. The table shows information about three human characteristics. characteristic Is it identical for Sara and Helen? eye colour yes skin colour no weight no Explain why their eye colour is identical but their weight and skin colour are not identical. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 2 marks maximum 6 marks 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection -9- Lesson 4 Measuring Variation 1. John and Sarah investigated how pupils in their class were the same and different. First they measured the length of each pupil’s little finger. (a) Why should each pupil keep their little finger straight while it was being measured? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark (b) The bar chart shows their results. bar chart for investigation 1 12 10 8 number of pupils 6 4 2 0 50-55 56-60 61-65 65-70 65-75 length of little finger (..........) (i) On the dotted line under the bar chart, give the units of measurement they used. 1 mark (ii) Give one mistake they made in the way they grouped the finger lengths in their bar chart. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 1 mark 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 10 - (c) John and Sarah then counted the number of pupils who can and cannot roll their tongues. What method did they use to collect their data? Tick the correct box. Observe pupil’s tongues. Look at books. Identify factors to keep the same. Measure pupil’s tongues. 1 mark (d) They recorded their results in a table. results for investigation 2 can roll tongue cannot roll tongue 10 4 Draw a bar on the chart below to show how many pupils can roll their tongues. bar chart for investigation 2 12 10 8 number of pupils 6 4 2 0 can roll tongue cannot roll tongue 1 mark (e) Look at their bar charts for investigations 1 and 2. How can you tell that they used different numbers of pupils in each investigation? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 1 mark maximum 6 marks 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 11 - Lesson 5 Selective Breeding 1 – Homework circle the correct letter for each question. 9Aa 1 Variation is: A a disease. B the scientific name for fertilisation. C differences in characteristics. D similarities in characteristics. 2 An example of an inherited characteristic is: A eye colour. B a tattoo. C a scar. D a broken leg. 3 During fertilisation: A a man and a woman have sexual intercourse. B a gardener puts manure on his plants. C trees drop their leaves. D two gametes (sex cells) fuse. 4 Inherited characteristics are caused by: A genetic information in the nuclei of cells. B environmental factors. C blood. D children learning things from their parents. 9Ab 1 Some characteristics in plants cannot be seen easily. Which of these are you the least likely to be able to see? A ripening time of the fruits B size C D 2 resistance to disease taste An example of a physical environmental factor is: A the mass of an animal. B an animal that is very fit. C the temperature of an animal’s environment. D a dead plant. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 12 - 3 A species is: A a group of organisms that reproduce in water. B a group of organisms that can produce offspring that can also reproduce. C a group of organisms that cannot reproduce. D someone who wears glasses. 4 A variety is: A a group of plants used for special television shows. B a group of plants of the same species that share the same variations in characteristics. C a group of plants of different species that share the same variations in characteristics. D a group of plants of the same species that cannot reproduce. 9Ac 1 A breed is: A a type of long, tall grass that grows around ponds. B a group of animals that are only kept as pets. C a group of animals that are only used for farming. D a group of animals of the same species that share the same variations in characteristics. 2 Which of these is the most useful characteristic for a farmer’s dairy cows? A They produce offspring. B They moo loudly. C They produce a lot of milk. D They produce good quality meat. 3 Selective breeding is: A an exciting new technology that may alter our lives in the future. B a way of choosing the winners at animal shows. C another name for when animals reproduce sexually. D a way of producing animals and plants with features that are useful to humans. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 13 - 4 Dog A is a cross breed. Which two dogs is it a cross breed between? Dog A. Poodle. German shepherd. Collie. Labrador. English sheepdog. A B C D poodle and German shepherd German shepherd and collie English sheepdog and collie labrador and poodle 9Ad 1 The two gametes found in plants are called: A the mono and the poly. B the pollen grain and the egg cell. C the pollen grain and the sperm cell. D the sperm cell and the egg cell. 2 Which of these would be the least useful characteristic in potato plants for a potato farmer? A producing a high yield B having the ability to cope with a lack of water C having a low resistance to disease D producing large potatoes 3 In pollination: A a pollen grain lands on another pollen grain. B a pollen grain fertilises an egg cell. C a pollen grain lands on a stigma. D a pollen grain grows into a seed. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 14 - 4 The drawing shows a flower that has been set up by a plant breeder. The plant breeder is breeding a plant that is a cross between two other plants in the large greenhouse. The breeder has done the breeding part and now has to wait for the seeds to start to grow. What is the purpose of the plastic bag? A B C D To keep the flower warm. To stop pollen from other plants getting into the stigma. To stop the seeds falling onto the floor. To stop rain getting into the flower. Lesson 5 Selective Breeding 1 After watching the video, in literacy groups read and complete the following questions. Cattle originally evolved over millions of years through a process of natural selection-also known as “survival of the fittest”-which made them adaptable to a wide variety of environments, including most of those inhabited by another highly adaptable species: humans. Once humans discovered how to domesticate cattle about 4,000 years ago, they began to selectively, or “artificially,” breed them for specific desired traits like meat and milk production. This resulted in animals fit less for survival in the wild than the satisfaction of human needs, but in purely genetic terms, the arrangement has proven highly successful for cattle. Cattle now thrive throughout the world in over 800 different breeds, each more or less successfully adapted to their environment and the needs of their human caretakers. How many different breeds of cattle have humans created? Would the qualities that make good beef cattle help them survive in the wild? 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 15 - Besides milk and meat production, what other traits might humans wish to breed in cattle? Lesson 5 Selective Breeding 1 1 Look at these sheep. A The Balwen mountain sheep is able to live in cold, harsh conditions. B The Bluefaced Leicester sheep produces good quality wool. C The Polled Dorset sheep produces good quality meat. D The Friesian Milk sheep produces a lot of milk. a 2 3 Each of these sheep has been produced by selective breeding. For each sheep write down one characteristic that has been selected. Farmers often want to breed two different breeds of sheep together. This is called crossbreeding. The offspring produced by this method should have characteristics from both parent sheep. b Which of the sheep above might a farmer use to breed sheep with good meat and good wool? c Which of the sheep might a farmer use to produce sheep with good wool that can survive in the Welsh mountains? A sheep farmer has a flock of Wensleydale sheep. To win a prize at the local farming show, he wants to have sheep with very long wool. Some time ago, he took the ewes (female sheep) and rams with the longest wool and allowed them to breed. He allowed the new lambs to grow and then kept the ones with the longest wool and allowed them to breed. The others were sold at market. It took him eight years to produce sheep with wool long enough for him to win a prize. a What is a male sheep called? b Why is this farmer’s method an example of selective breeding? c Suggest why it took him so long to win a prize. a Think about the weather conditions where you live. Write down a list of characteristics that a sheep should have if it were to be farmed in your area. b What other characteristics would you like your sheep to have and why? 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 16 - Lesson 6 Selective Breeding 2 In literacy groups. From cattle to corn, pumpkins to pigs, humans have been modifying the genetic makeup of organisms for thousands of years. Using the techniques of selective breeding and cross-pollination, agriculturists have effectively speeded up the process of natural selection and shaped the attributes of nearly all of the domestic species we know today. Cross-breeding two individuals that share a set of desirable traits -rapid growth and a strong immune system, for example -- typically results in offspring that have a betterthan-average mix of those traits. And by continuing to select individuals with those traits, the traits become increasingly standard to the breed. Geneticists have similarly altered the physical and chemical characteristics of organisms, but even more quickly and significantly than classic breeders ever could. The technique geneticists use is called transgenic manipulation. This technique owes to the fact that all organisms -- mammals, insects, plants, and bacteria -- have large numbers of genes in common. And scientists now know where many of these genes are and what they do. This means that it is now possible to find the portions of an animal's genome that are instrumental in, for instance, the production of milk, and insert genes that will change the makeup of that milk. The effect, according to proponents of transgenic manipulation, is predictable and immediate, and no other portion of the animal's genome need be affected. So, now we know it is possible to place genes from one type of organism into the genome of another. Scientists do so almost routinely these days. And by now, knowingly or not, most of us have been consuming genetically modified (GM) foods for years. Worldwide sales of GM foods skyrocketed from an estimated $75 million in 1995 to a staggering $2.3 billion in 1999. The question today, obviously, is not whether we can change the genetic makeup of organisms through transgenic manipulation, but whether we should continue to do so. Industry, government, and many academic scientists tout the benefits of GM foods for agriculture, ecosystems, and human health and well-being (not the least of which is feeding a world population bursting at the seams). With equal passion, however, consumer groups, environmental activists, religious organizations, and many scientists warn of unforeseen health, environmental, and socioeconomic consequences. For now, it's too early to know which of the predictions for GM foods will materialize. In the meantime, transgenic technology raises difficult scientific, ethical, legal, and economic questions that need to be thoroughly debated. 1. What are some of the arguments for and against growing genetically modified crops? 2. Choose one argument against growing genetically modified crops, and provide a counterargument. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 17 - 3. Choose one argument for growing genetically modified crops, and provide a counter-argument. 4. What is your own position on genetically modified crops? Why? 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 18 - Lesson 7 Plant Breeding 1 Look at this list of characteristics of tomato plants. big tomatoes plants will not die in temperatures below 4 °C plants produce lots of tomatoes tomatoes are bright red tomatoes stay fresh for six days a plants are resistant to disease tomatoes are juicy tomatoes are very tasty tomatoes grow in clumps of four small leaves Draw a table to show whether each of these characteristics can or cannot be seen when you look at the plants. Can Be Seen Can’t Be Seen b Name the three characteristics in the list that you think are the most important to shoppers in a supermarket. Explain your choices. c Name the three characteristics that you think are the most important to farmers. Explain your choices. d Imagine you are a plant breeder. Write down three characteristics from the list that you would like your new variety of tomatoes to have. Explain your choices. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 19 - 2 3 a To breed plants a plant breeder takes pollen grains from one flower and puts them onto the stigma of another. Is this process called pollination or fertilisation? b Are the pollen grains the male or the female sex cells? c Once on the stigma, a pollen grain grows a tube down towards an egg cell which is contained in an ovule. The nucleus from the pollen grain goes into the egg cell. Is this process called pollination or fertilisation? The drawings show two flowers. Flower A is a normal flower and flower B has had pollen added to its stigma by a plant breeder. Flower A. Flower B. a Apart from adding pollen, what else has the plant breeder done to flower B? b Suggest why the plant breeder has done this. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 20 - Lesson 7 – Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) was a monk who was very interested in finding out how different plants were created. He didn’t know it then but he was watching the effects of genes. Mendel did most of his experiments with pea plants and he did his experiments in three steps. He allowed individual pea plants to pollinate themselves (pollen from the plant’s own anthers was used to pollinate the plant). This is self-pollination. From the offspring plants he took only those plants that had the characteristic he was interested in. He then allowed these plants to self-pollinate. He did the same thing with the next set of offspring plants and continued doing this until all the plants always produced offspring which all had the characteristic he was interested in. He called these plants ‘purebreeding’ or P plants. Mendel then took one P plant with a certain characteristic (e.g. wrinkled peas) and used this plant’s pollen to pollinate another P plant that had a variation of this characteristic (e.g. smooth peas). This is cross-pollination. The offspring were called the F1 generation. In the example of wrinkled and smooth peas, all the offspring produced smooth peas. He said that the smooth peas were a dominant characteristic. When two F1 plants were cross-pollinated 75% of the offspring (F2 plants) had smooth peas and 25% had wrinkled peas. Mendel said that the wrinkled peas were a recessive characteristic. 1 What is self-pollination? 2 What is cross-pollination? 3 How did Mendel produce pure-breeding P plants? 4 What was the dominant characteristic in the F1 plants? 5 What was the recessive characteristic in the F2 plants? We now know about genes. Since there are two sets of chromosomes in each nucleus of a pea plant, there are two genes for each characteristic. However, each gene may produce a variation in that characteristic. Different genes for the same characteristic are called alleles (pronounced ‘al-leels’). A dominant allele stops the recessive allele from working. A dominant allele is given a capital letter (e.g. S for smooth peas) and the recessive allele gets a small version of this letter (e.g. s for wrinkled peas). The set of alleles that a pea plant has is called its genotype. What the plant looks like is called its phenotype. We can predict the percentages of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring using a grid like this: Parent plants’ alleles in gametes S S s Ss Ss s Ss Ss The shaded area shows the four different genotypes possible in the offspring. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 21 - This grid shows an SS genotype plant being cross-bred with a ss genotype plant. Remember that each gamete will only get one allele or the other. All the offspring had a genotype of Ss and so all have a phenotype of smooth peas because S is the dominant allele. 6 Which step of Mendel’s experiment does this grid show? 7 What is the phenotype of plants that have the genotype ss? 8 What two possible genotypes could plants have if they produced smooth peas? 9 a Draw another grid to show what would happen when two Ss plants were bred together. Start your grid like this: S s S s b 10 What percentages of smooth and wrinkled peas do you get? Tall pea plants (T) are dominant to small pea plants (t). Draw another grid to show what would happen if you crossed Tt plants with pure breeding small pea plants. Lesson 8 Revision Go to: www.scibermonkey and select the unit and lesson that you need to revise before the test. Use your notes and the online tests to help you improve your knowledge of this topic 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 22 - 9A Summary Inherited variation The features of organisms are called their characteristics (e.g. blue eyes). Offspring normally share some characteristics with their parents and brothers and/or sisters. Offspring can inherit characteristics from their parents. Characteristics can be different and this is known as variation (e.g. brown eyes and blue eyes). Variation occurs in both plants and animals. An organism’s characteristics are controlled by genetic information which is found inside the nucleus of almost all of its cells. Genetic information is passed from parents to offspring during reproduction. In sexual reproduction, a male sex cell or gamete (e.g. a sperm cell) and a female gamete (e.g. an egg cell) fuse. This fusing (joining together) produces a fertilised egg cell which grows into the new organism. Each gamete contains half the amount of genetic information that a normal body cell has. So the fertilised egg cell gets half its genetic information from the male and half from the female. In many animals, when two egg cells are each fertilised by a sperm cell, non-identical twins are born. Sometimes a fertilised egg cell splits into two and identical twins form. Species, breeds and varieties A species is a group of organisms that are able to produce offspring that are also able to reproduce. Members of the same species have very similar characteristics but there is some variation in these characteristics. A group of animals may have special differences in their inherited characteristics from the rest of their species. A group like this is called breed (e.g. different breeds of dog). There are also breeds of plants and these are called varieties. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection All tigers have stripes but there is variation in the stripes between each tiger. - 23 - Selective breeding Farmers and plant breeders may choose or ‘select’ an animal or plant with certain characteristics (e.g. good milk production in cows). This animal or plant is then used to breed from. The offspring that have the best of these characteristics are then bred from again. This is called selective breeding and is how many new breeds and varieties are created. Sometimes two different breeds or varieties are bred together to produce offspring with characteristics from both breeds or varieties. This is called crossbreeding. Plant breeding In nature, pollen grains (the male gametes) are carried by the wind or insects to the stigma of another flower. This is called pollination. Plant breeders transfer the pollen that they want to the stigma that they choose, sometimes using a paintbrush. A pollen grain grows a tube down through the style until it meets an ovule. It grows into the ovule and meets an egg cell. The nucleus from the pollen grain goes into the egg cell and fuses with the egg cell nucleus. This is fertilisation. Many of the characteristics that plant breeders choose are visible (e.g. fruit size, yield) but some are not visible (e.g. disease resistance). Variation caused by the environment Some characteristics vary due to an organism’s surroundings (environment). For example, plants growing in different areas of a field may be different heights depending on the amount of light, water and mineral salts that they get. These things are all physical environmental factors. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 24 - 9A Test Yourself 1 Look at these pictures of a mother and her two daughters. a Name one characteristic that the two sisters share. _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________ [1 mark] b Name one characteristic that both sisters share with their mother. _________________ ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] c Explain why the sisters have some characteristics which their mother does not have. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] d Suggest another characteristic which is not shown in the pictures of the girls’ faces, that they might have got from their mother. ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] 2 When sexual reproduction occurs two sex cells join together. a What is the name of this process? __________________________________________ [1 mark] 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 25 - b What is the name of the male sex cell in i animals? _________________________________________________________ ii Plants? __________________________________________________________ [2 marks] 3 Carrot plants vary from their parents. The graph shows the results of an experiment using five carrots from two different varieties. a In what way are the varieties of carrots different? _____________________________ [1 mark] b Which shows greater variation of carrots? The same variety or different varieties of carrots ? ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] c Which variety shows the greater variation? ___________________________________ d [1 mark] Apart from the characteristic shown in the graph, name two other characteristics that would be useful to a carrot grower. e i _______________________________________________________________ ii _______________________________________________________________ Suggest how the variation between the different varieties has been caused. [1 mark] ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] f Suggest how the variation between members of the same variety has been caused. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 26 - ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] 4 The pictures show how a certain kind of dog was bred. a What characteristic of the dogs is the breeder choosing? _________________________ [1 mark] b What is this type of breeding called? _______________________________________ [1 mark] c Farm animals are often bred in this way. Name two characteristics that a farmer might choose when breeding dairy cows. i _______________________________________________________________ ii ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] d Which parts of a plant or animal contain the genetic information for characteristics like this? ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] being sunburnt 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection eye colour mass natural hair colour - 27 - Caused only by inherited factors 5 Caused only by environmental factors Caused by both inherited and environmental factors The box shows four human characteristics that vary. Complete the table to show which features are caused by inherited factors, which are caused by environmental factors and which are caused by both. [2 marks] 6 A plant breeder wants to breed two different varieties. a She takes pollen from one variety and puts it onto a part of the flower of another variety. What is the name of this part? ________________________________ [ mark] b Label this part on the diagram. [ mark] c What is this process of transferring pollen called? ______________________ [1 mark] d She wants to stop pollen from another plant getting to the flower that she has just added the pollen to. Describe one way in which she might do this. ____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 28 - 7 Having freckles on the face is a recessive characteristic. The dominant gene for no freckles is N and the recessive gene is n. a Complete the genetic cross table to show the possible combinations of these genes in two parents’ children. [1 mark] b What percentage of their children will have freckles? [1 mark] c Sometimes genes from one organism can be placed into the cells of another organism. What is this process called? _______________________________________________ [1 mark] 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 29 - 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 30 - My % My mark Qu. Level Q Traffic light Type (KN, AP, LIT, NM, ID, HSW) Subject Areas Total total KN – Knowledge NM - Numeracy Overall Grade: AP – Application of Knowledge HSW – How Science Works ID – Interpreting Data LIT - Literacy My Targets for improvement: 1. 2. 3. 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 31 - Unit 9A Review My target grade for this term is ________ My grade for this unit was ________ Which parts of this unit do you think you did very well at? Which parts of this unit did you find difficult to understand? Aspect Recalling key facts Understanding keywords Using key words in my written work Using correct conventions for drawing diagrams Actively reading questions Writing clear and concise answers Understanding key concepts Catching up on missed work Reviewing my work between lessons Actively revising Sharing my ideas in group/pair/class work Completing tasks in lesson time Asking for help when I need it Using my checklist to assess my learning Trying my hardest with problems before asking for help My Target for next unit: 9A TME 2012– Inheritance and Selection - 32 -