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ISSN: 2278 – 7798 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 Design of a Voltage-Mode Multifunction Biquadratic Filter using Differential Difference Current Conveyors Chandrabhanu Muvel , D.S.Ajnar, P.K.Jain Abstract— This paper present, A voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter with three inputs and four outputs using two plus-type differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors is proposed. The proposed circuit offers the realization of voltage-mode lowpass, highpass and two bandpass filter signals from the four output’s terminals respectively and they are no need of any component matching condition. The proposed circuit offers the feature of high input impedance, using only capacitors, and orthogonal controllability of resonance angular frequency and quality factor. We have implemented this filter analog filter using UMC 0.18µm CMOS technology. This filter operates to 10MHz and ±1.25V supply voltage validate the theoretical predictions. Index Terms— Biquad filter, Differential difference current conveyor, voltage mode circuit, analog electronics. I. INTRODUCTION As a current-mode active device, the differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) or differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) has the advantages of both the second generation current conveyor (such as large signal bandwidth, great linearity, wide dynamic range) and the differential difference amplifier (such as high impedance and arithmetic operation capability)[1]. Since the addition and subtraction operation of voltage-mode signals need the realization respectively. The DDCC becomes very attractive to be used in the design of voltage-mode filters. This is due to the fact that the addition and subtraction operations for voltage signals can be performed easily by DDCC[1]-[5]. Active filters are ones of analog signal processing that can apply in telecommunication, electronic and control systems. They can be widely used in the implementation of phase-locked loop (PLL), frequency modulation (FM), stereo Chandrabhanu Muvel, Student, M.Tech (Microelectronics and VLSI Design, Electronic and Instrumentation Department, S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India, 9993547041. (e-mail:[email protected]), D.S.Ajnar, Associate Professor, Electronic and Instrumentation Department, S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India P.K.Jain, Associate Professor, Electronic and Instrumentation Department, S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India demodulation, touch-tone, telephone tone decode, cross-over network used in a three way high fidelity loudspeaker[6]-[8]. In addition, LV an LP active filter can also be used in biomedical systems[9]-[13] and wireless systems[14]-[15]. Besides, voltage-mode active filters with high input impedance are great of interest several cells of kind can be directly connected in cascade to implement higher order filters[16]. Also, the circuits are attractive for monolithic integrated circuit (IC) implementation, if it employs grounded capacitors. Some voltage-mode multifunction second order filter with a single input and three outputs using current conveyors were proposed. In 2004, Horng proposed a voltage-mode multifunction filter with a single input and three outputs based on two minus-type DDCCs [17]-[21]. The highpass, bandpass and lowpass filter response can be simultaneously obtained in the circuit configuration. In 2005, Ibrahim et at. Proposed two single DDCC biquad with high input impedance and minimum number of passive elements [22]. However, the highpass, bandpass and lowpass filter responses cannot be realized in the same configuration. In 2006 Horng proposed another four circuits with single input and five outputs [23]. Each of the first two circuits employs four CCIIs, two grounded capacitors and five resistors. The third circuit employs two CCIIs, one DVCC, two grounded capacitors and five resisters. The fourth circuit employs two MOCCIIs, two grounded capacitors and five resistors. In the other single input and five outputs circuit employs three differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), two grounded capacitors and four resistors with high input impedance was presented[24]. Each of circuit can realize all standard filter functions (low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass) simultaneously and enjoys the features of using only grounded capacitors and orthogonally controllable of the resonance angular frequency and quality factor. However, these circuit employ extra passive components and need component matching condition to realize the all-pass filter functions. In this paper, a voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter with three inputs and four outputs using two plus-type differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors is presented. The proposed circuit can act as a multifunction voltage-mode filter single input and four outputs and simultaneous realization voltage-mode lowpass, highpass and two bandpass filter signals from the four output terminals, respectively. The proposed circuit uses grounded capacitors only, which are suitable for integrated circuit implementation and no needs component matching condition. Morever, the circuit enjoys high input impedance so that it can be directly connected in 1 All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR ISSN: 2278 – 7798 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 cascade to implement higher-order filters. Since the implementation configuration of the plus-type DDCC is simpler than that of the minu-type DDCC, the proposed circuit employs the plus type DDCCs only. are grounded), then the following four output voltage can be derived as II. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Fig . 1 shows the electrical symbol of DDCC. It was proposed in 1996 by chiu et at[25]. This device, the addition and subtraction operation can be obtained by appropriately applying the voltage at terminals , and . This property makes it different from conventional current conveyors. Figure 1 Electrical symbol of DDCCs. Figure 2 The proposed multifunction filter. The DDCC enjoys the advantages of CCII and DDA such as larger signal bandwidth, greater linearity, wider dynamic range, simple circuitry, low power consumption and high-input impedance. The DDCC is a five terminal analog building block and its terminal relation are given by = = = 0, = + and = [25]. The proposed voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic circuit comprises two plus-type DDCCs, two grounded capacitors and two resistors, as shown in Figure 2. The use of grounded capacitors makes the circuit suitable for integration because grounded capacitor circuit can compensate for the stay capacitances at their nodes[16]. Derived by each nodal equation of the proposed, the input-output relationship matrix form of Fig. 2 can be expressed as = Where = and (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) = To derive (1), all the , and terminals of DDCC are high impedance terminals, they are connected to gates of MOS devices in actual implementation, where as the port X is low impedance terminal. Similarly the port Z+ also exhibits high impedance since it is connected to the output stage of current mirror. From (1), if = (the input voltage signal) and = =0 (namely, the resisters and Thus, the non-inverting bandpass, inverting lowpass, non-inverting highpass and inverting bandpass filter signals are obtained at the node voltages, , , and respectively. Note that the input signal, = , is connected to the high impedance input mode of the DDCC(1) ( port of the DDCCs(1)). So the circuit enjoys the advantages of having high input impedance, leading to cascadebility at the input port. Moreover, the use of only grounded capacitors is particularly attractive for integration circuit implementation. Obviously, the proposed circuit can act as a multifunction voltage-mode filter with single input and four outputs using two plus-type differential difference current conveyors, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. Therefore, 2 All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR ISSN: 2278 – 7798 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 the proposed circuit is more versatile than those with single input and four outputs or with three inputs and single output. III. EFFECT OF NON-IDEALITIES Taking into account the non-idealities of a DDCC, namely, = and where and <<1) denote the current tracking error and and <<1) denote the differential voltage tracking error. The denominator of the transfer function of Fig.2 becomes (6) The non-ideal and Q are given by: IV. SIMULATION RESULTS The proposed circuit of Fig. 2 was simulated using PSPICE simulations. The CMOS DDCC circuit are realized using UMC 0.18µm CMOS technology process. The cmos implementation of a DDCC is shown in Fig. 3. The NMOS and PMOS transistor aspect ratio are given in table 1. The supply voltage are and the biasing voltages are and are -0.15 V and -0.38 V. Fig. 4 shows the simulated amplitude responses of highpass, lowpass and two bandpass filters with = and The proposed circuit are designed for = 10MHz and Q = 1 by choosing and . Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shows the gain Vs frequency response and layout of the DDCC, respectively. Fig.7 shows the transient response of DDCC. Table 1. Aspect ratio of the MOS in Fig. 3 MOS Transistors = W(µ/m) L(µ/m) (7) Q= (8) A sensitivity study forms an important index of the performance of any active network. The formal definition of sensitivity is 50.08 .5 50.08 .5 5.4 .36 2.5 .5 2.5 .5 (9) where F represent one of F represent one of , Q and x represents any of the elements ( ) or the active parameters ( ). Based on the sensitivity expression, the active and passive sensitivities of the proposed circuit shown in figure 2 are given as (10) (11) (12) (13) =-1 (14) Hence, the filter parameter sensitivity are low and not larger than unity in absolute value. Figure 3 The cmos implementation of DDCC. 3 All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR ISSN: 2278 – 7798 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 Figure 6 layout of DDCC. Figure 4 amplitude –frequency responses of the single-input four-output biquad filter. Figure 5 gain Vs frequency response of DDCC. Figure 7 transient response of the proposed multifunction filter. 4 All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR ISSN: 2278 – 7798 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 V. CONCLUSION In this paper , we present a three inputs and four outputs voltage-mode biquadratic multifunction filter with two plus-type DDCCs, two grounded resistors and two grounded capacitors .the circuit can act as both a multifunction voltage-mode filter with single input and four outputs and a universal voltage-mode filter with three input and three outputs. Besides, the proposed circuit offers the following advantages: (i) the use of two grounded capacitors attractive for integration and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitance, (ii) simultaneous realization of lowpass, highpass and two bandpass responses for the single-input four-output filter with high-input impedance good for cascadebility, (iii) no need to employ inverting-type input signals, and (iv) low active and passive sensitivity performance. . REFERENCES [1] W.A. SERDIJIN, M. BROEST, J. MULDER, A.C. VAN DER WOERD, A.H.M. VAN ROERMUND, “ A low-voltage ultra-low power translinear integrator for audio filter applications”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,1997,vol.32, p. 577-581. [2] G. FERRI, N. GUERRINI, “ High –valued passive element simulation,using low-voltage low-power current conveyors for fully integrated applications”, IEEE Transaction on Circuit and Systems-II, 2001,vol. 48,p. 405-407. 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CHANG, “ Multifunction biquadratic filters using current conveyors”, IEEE Transaction on Circuit and Systems-II, 1997, vol. 44,p. 956-958. [19] C.M. CHANG ,M.L.JEE, “ Voltege-mode multifunction filter with single input and three outputs using two compound current conveyors”, IEEE Transaction on Circuit and Systems-I, 1999, vol.46,p. 1364-1365. [20] C.M. CHANG, B.M. AL-HASHIMI, C.L.WANG, C.W. HUNG, “ Single fully differential current conveyor biquad filters”, IEEE Processing Circuit,Devices and System,2003, vol.150, p. 394-398. [21] J.W. HORNG, W.Y. CHUI, ,H.Y. WEI, “ Voltage –mode highpass, lowpass and bandpass filter using two DDCCs”, International Journal Electron,2004,vol.91,p. 461-464. [22] M.A.IBRAHIM, H.KUNTMAN, O. CICKOGLU, “ Single DDCC biquad with high input impedance and minimum number of passive element”, Analog Integrated Ciccuit Signal Process. 2005,vol.43,p. 71-79. [23] J.W. HORNG, C.L. HOU, C.M. CHANG, W. Y. CHUN, “ Voltage-mode universal biquadratic filters with one 5 All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR ISSN: 2278 – 7798 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013 and five outputs”, Analog Integrated Circuit and Signal Processing, 2006,vol.47, p. 73-83. [24] J.W. HORNG, C.L. HOU, C.M. CHANG, H.P. CHOU, C.T. LIN, “ High input impedance voltage-mode unioversal biquadratic filter with one input and five outputs using current conveyors”, Circuit Systems Signal processing,2006,vol.25,p. 767-777. [25] W. CHIU, S.I. LIU, H.W.TSAO, J.J.CHEN, “ CMOS differential difference current conveyors and their applications”, IEEE Processing of Circuit,Devices and Systems,1996,vol. 90,p. 401-406. P.K. Jain received the B.E. degree in Electronics and communication Engineering from D.A.V.V. University, India in 1987 and M.E. Degree in Digital Techniques & Instrumentation Engineering from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University Bhopal, India in 1993. He has been teaching and in research profession since 1988. He is now working as Associate Professor in Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, S.G.S.I.T.S. Indore, India. His interested field of research is analog circuit design. Chandrabhanu Muvel is currently persuing M.Tech with specialization in Microelectronics and VLSI Design at S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India. He received his Bachelor degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from UIT RGPV Bhopal. His field of interest includes Digital VLSI Design, EDA, RTL simulation and synthesis, Verilog HDL. D.S.Ajnar received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from D.A.V.V University, India in 1993 and M.E. Degree in Digital Techniques & Instrumentation Engineering from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University Bhopal, India in 2000. He has been teaching and in research profession since 1995. He is now working as Associate Professor in Department of, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India. His interest of research is in Designing of analog filter and Current-Conveyor. 6 All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR