Download iii. effect of non-idealities

ISSN: 2278 – 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
Design of a Voltage-Mode Multifunction
Biquadratic Filter using Differential Difference
Current Conveyors
Chandrabhanu Muvel , D.S.Ajnar, P.K.Jain

Abstract— This paper present, A voltage-mode
multifunction biquadratic filter with three inputs and
four outputs using two plus-type differential difference
current conveyors (DDCCs), two grounded capacitors
and two grounded resistors is proposed. The proposed
circuit offers the realization of voltage-mode lowpass,
highpass and two bandpass filter signals from the four
output’s terminals respectively and they are no need of
any component matching condition. The proposed circuit
offers the feature of high input impedance, using only
capacitors, and orthogonal controllability of resonance
angular frequency and quality factor. We have
implemented this filter analog filter using UMC 0.18µm
CMOS technology. This filter operates to 10MHz and
±1.25V supply voltage validate the theoretical
predictions.
Index Terms— Biquad filter, Differential difference
current conveyor, voltage mode circuit, analog
electronics.
I. INTRODUCTION
As a current-mode active device, the differential difference
current conveyor (DDCC) or differential voltage current
conveyor (DVCC) has the advantages of both the second
generation current conveyor (such as large signal bandwidth,
great linearity, wide dynamic range) and the differential
difference amplifier (such as high impedance and arithmetic
operation capability)[1]. Since the addition and subtraction
operation of voltage-mode signals need the realization
respectively. The DDCC becomes very attractive to be used in
the design of voltage-mode filters. This is due to the fact that
the addition and subtraction operations for voltage signals can
be performed easily by DDCC[1]-[5].
Active filters are ones of analog signal processing that can
apply in telecommunication, electronic and control systems.
They can be widely used in the implementation of
phase-locked loop (PLL), frequency modulation (FM), stereo
Chandrabhanu Muvel, Student, M.Tech (Microelectronics and VLSI
Design, Electronic and Instrumentation Department, S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore,
India, 9993547041. (e-mail:[email protected]),
D.S.Ajnar, Associate Professor, Electronic and Instrumentation
Department, S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India
P.K.Jain, Associate Professor, Electronic and Instrumentation
Department, S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India
demodulation, touch-tone, telephone tone decode, cross-over
network used in a three way high fidelity loudspeaker[6]-[8].
In addition, LV an LP active filter can also be used in
biomedical systems[9]-[13] and wireless systems[14]-[15].
Besides, voltage-mode active filters with high input
impedance are great of interest several cells of kind can be
directly connected in cascade to implement higher order
filters[16]. Also, the circuits are attractive for monolithic
integrated circuit (IC) implementation, if it employs grounded
capacitors. Some voltage-mode multifunction second order
filter with a single input and three outputs using current
conveyors were proposed. In 2004, Horng
proposed a
voltage-mode multifunction filter with a single input and three
outputs based on two minus-type DDCCs [17]-[21]. The
highpass, bandpass and lowpass filter response can be
simultaneously obtained in the circuit configuration. In 2005,
Ibrahim et at. Proposed two single DDCC biquad with high
input impedance and minimum number of passive elements
[22]. However, the highpass, bandpass and lowpass filter
responses cannot be realized in the same configuration. In
2006 Horng proposed another four circuits with single input
and five outputs [23]. Each of the first two circuits employs
four CCIIs, two grounded capacitors and five resistors. The
third circuit employs two CCIIs, one DVCC, two grounded
capacitors and five resisters. The fourth circuit employs two
MOCCIIs, two grounded capacitors and five resistors. In the
other single input and five outputs circuit employs three
differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), two
grounded capacitors and four resistors with high input
impedance was presented[24]. Each of circuit can realize all
standard filter functions (low-pass, band-pass, high-pass,
notch and all-pass) simultaneously and enjoys the features of
using only grounded capacitors and orthogonally controllable
of the resonance angular frequency and quality factor.
However, these circuit employ extra passive components and
need component matching condition to realize the all-pass
filter functions.
In this paper, a voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic filter
with three inputs and four outputs using two plus-type
differential difference current conveyors (DDCCs), two
grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors is presented.
The proposed circuit can act as a multifunction voltage-mode
filter single input and four outputs and simultaneous
realization voltage-mode lowpass, highpass and two bandpass
filter signals from the four output terminals, respectively. The
proposed circuit uses grounded capacitors only, which are
suitable for integrated circuit implementation and no needs
component matching condition. Morever, the circuit enjoys
high input impedance so that it can be directly connected in
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All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR
ISSN: 2278 – 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
cascade to implement higher-order filters. Since the
implementation configuration of the plus-type DDCC is
simpler than that of the minu-type DDCC, the proposed
circuit employs the plus type DDCCs only.
are grounded), then the following four output voltage can
be derived as
II. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Fig . 1 shows the electrical symbol of DDCC. It was proposed
in 1996 by chiu et at[25]. This device, the addition and
subtraction operation can be obtained by appropriately
applying the voltage at terminals
,
and
. This
property makes it different from conventional current
conveyors.
Figure 1 Electrical symbol of DDCCs.
Figure 2 The proposed multifunction filter.
The DDCC enjoys the advantages of CCII and DDA such as
larger signal bandwidth, greater linearity, wider dynamic
range, simple circuitry, low power consumption and
high-input impedance. The DDCC is a five terminal analog
building block and its terminal relation are given by
= = = 0,
=
+
and = [25]. The
proposed voltage-mode multifunction biquadratic circuit
comprises two plus-type DDCCs, two grounded capacitors
and two resistors, as shown in Figure 2. The use of grounded
capacitors makes the circuit suitable for integration because
grounded capacitor circuit can compensate for the stay
capacitances at their nodes[16]. Derived by each nodal
equation of the proposed, the input-output relationship matrix
form of Fig. 2 can be expressed as
=
Where
=
and
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
=
To derive (1), all the , and
terminals of DDCC are
high impedance terminals, they are connected to gates of
MOS devices in actual implementation, where as the port X is
low impedance terminal. Similarly the port Z+ also exhibits
high impedance since it is connected to the output stage of
current mirror. From (1), if
=
(the input voltage
signal) and
=
=0 (namely, the resisters
and
Thus, the non-inverting bandpass, inverting lowpass,
non-inverting highpass and inverting bandpass filter signals
are obtained at the node voltages,
,
,
and
respectively. Note that the input signal,
=
, is
connected to the high impedance input mode of the DDCC(1)
(
port of the DDCCs(1)). So the circuit enjoys the
advantages of having high input impedance, leading to
cascadebility at the input port. Moreover, the use of only
grounded capacitors is particularly attractive for integration
circuit implementation.
Obviously, the proposed circuit can act as a multifunction
voltage-mode filter with single input and four outputs using
two plus-type differential difference current conveyors, two
grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. Therefore,
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All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR
ISSN: 2278 – 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
the proposed circuit is more versatile than those with single
input and four outputs or with three inputs and single output.
III. EFFECT OF NON-IDEALITIES
Taking into account the non-idealities of a DDCC, namely,
=
and
where
and
<<1) denote the current tracking
error and
and
<<1) denote the
differential voltage tracking error. The denominator of the
transfer function of Fig.2 becomes
(6)
The non-ideal
and Q are given by:
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The proposed circuit of Fig. 2 was simulated using PSPICE
simulations. The CMOS DDCC circuit are realized using
UMC 0.18µm CMOS technology process. The cmos
implementation of a DDCC is shown in Fig. 3. The NMOS
and PMOS transistor aspect ratio are given in table 1. The
supply voltage are
and the biasing
voltages are
and
are -0.15 V and -0.38 V. Fig. 4
shows the simulated amplitude responses of highpass,
lowpass and two bandpass filters with
=
and
The proposed circuit are designed for
= 10MHz and Q = 1 by choosing
and
. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 shows the gain
Vs frequency response and layout of the DDCC, respectively.
Fig.7 shows the transient response of DDCC.
Table 1. Aspect ratio of the MOS in Fig. 3
MOS Transistors
=
W(µ/m) L(µ/m)
(7)
Q=
(8)
A sensitivity study forms an important index of the
performance of any active network. The formal definition of
sensitivity is
50.08
.5
50.08
.5
5.4
.36
2.5
.5
2.5
.5
(9)
where F represent one of F represent one of
, Q and x
represents any of the elements (
) or the
active parameters (
). Based on the sensitivity
expression, the active and passive sensitivities of the
proposed circuit shown in figure 2 are given as
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
=-1
(14)
Hence, the filter parameter sensitivity are low and not larger
than unity in absolute value.
Figure 3 The cmos implementation of DDCC.
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All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR
ISSN: 2278 – 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
Figure 6 layout of DDCC.
Figure 4 amplitude –frequency responses of the
single-input four-output biquad filter.
Figure 5 gain Vs frequency response of DDCC.
Figure 7 transient response of the proposed
multifunction filter.
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All Rights Reserved © 2013 IJSETR
ISSN: 2278 – 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper , we present a three inputs and four outputs
voltage-mode biquadratic multifunction filter with two
plus-type DDCCs, two grounded resistors and two grounded
capacitors .the circuit can act as both a multifunction
voltage-mode filter with single input and four outputs and a
universal voltage-mode filter with three input and three
outputs. Besides, the proposed circuit offers the following
advantages: (i) the use of two grounded capacitors attractive
for integration and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitance, (ii)
simultaneous realization of lowpass, highpass and two
bandpass responses for the single-input four-output filter with
high-input impedance good for cascadebility, (iii) no need to
employ inverting-type input signals, and (iv) low active and
passive sensitivity performance.
.
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ISSN: 2278 – 7798
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR)
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013
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P.K. Jain received the B.E. degree in
Electronics and communication Engineering from D.A.V.V.
University, India in 1987 and M.E. Degree in Digital
Techniques & Instrumentation Engineering from Rajiv
Gandhi Technical University Bhopal, India in 1993. He has
been teaching and in research profession since 1988. He is
now working as Associate Professor in Department of
Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, S.G.S.I.T.S.
Indore, India. His interested field of research is analog circuit
design.
Chandrabhanu Muvel is currently
persuing M.Tech with specialization in Microelectronics and
VLSI Design at S.G.S.I.T.S, Indore, India. He received his
Bachelor degree in Electronics and Communication
Engineering from UIT RGPV Bhopal. His field of interest
includes Digital VLSI Design, EDA, RTL simulation and
synthesis, Verilog HDL.
D.S.Ajnar received the B.E. degree in
Electronics and Communication Engineering from D.A.V.V
University, India in 1993 and M.E. Degree in Digital
Techniques & Instrumentation Engineering from Rajiv
Gandhi Technical University Bhopal, India in 2000. He has
been teaching and in research profession since 1995. He is
now working as Associate Professor in Department of,
Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering S.G.S.I.T.S,
Indore, India. His interest of research is in Designing of
analog filter and Current-Conveyor.
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