Download Helping verbs

Week 5: Lesson 1C
English Writing (I)
Level 1
Objectives
Identify direct and indirect objects (Review)
Helping verbs in questions
Helping verbs or main verbs: have, has, had
Helping verbs or main verbs: be
Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did
Modals
Supplementary materials
Identify direct and indirect objects
Visit the website to help you recognize body
parts of a sentence
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quiz
zes/bodyparts.htm
Identify direct and indirect objects: Review
Point out objects (DO or IO) in the following
sentences:
IO
DO
1. They gave the university a large endowment for
the scholarship fund.
DO
2. Can you understand anything that professor
says?
IO
DO
3. The company has been mailing George CD
catalogues ever since he bought his stereo.
DO
4. I just can’t believe whatever he said.
5. Did you tell him the truth?
IO
DO
DO
6. He didn’t know where to go.
DO
7. He really enjoys watching animation pictures.
DO
8. Mandy loves to go skiing.
IO
DO
9. He never shows her wife how he feels about
her.
IO
DO
10. Mom makes me a lunch box every day.
Helping verbs in questions-1
1) Yes/No questions
Subject and verb change their position in statement
and question.
Statement: You are from France.
Question: Are you from France?
If the answer is "Yes", we always use the long form.
Example: Yes, I am.
If the answer is "No", we either use the long or the
contracted form (short form).
Example: No, I am not - No, I'm not.
Helping verbs in questions-2
2) Questions with question words (simple present- no helping verbs)
Question word+
Be V+ S
+…?
Where
are
you
from?
What
is
your name?
How
are
you?
3) Yes/No Questions and short answers with the verb have
Aux
S
AV
O
Yes/No S Aux(+ n't)
Have
you
got
a cat? Yes,
I have./No, I haven’t.
4) Questions with question words and the verb have
Question word Aux
Where
have
S
AV
O
?
you
got
the pen?
Helping verbs in questions-3
5) Questions without question words in the
simple present tense
Aux
Do
Does
S
you
he
AV
O
play
baseball?
smoke?
Yes/No
No,
Yes,
S
I
he
Aux (+ n't)
don’t.
does.
Helping verbs in questions-4
6) Questions with question words in the Simple Present
Question word Aux
S
AV O?
When
do
you
go to work?
Answer: I go to work at eight o’clock.
7) Questions without question words in the Simple Past
Aux
S
AV
O
Did
you
believe him?
S
Aux
AV
O
No, I
didn’t
believe him.
Helping verbs in questions-5
NOTE:
Be V. S
S.C.
Adv. (No aux.)
Were you in Taipei yesterday?
8) Questions with question words in the Simple Past
Question word Aux S
What
did you
NOTE:
Question word Be V
Where
were
AV
do
S
you
Adv.
this morning?
Adv.
this morning?
Helping verbs in questions-6
9) Subject question
S
AV
O
Who stole the bike?
Who runs the store?
S
Aux
Mike
did.
My father does.
10) Object question
O
Aux S AV
S AV O
What did you take? I took a ruler.
• What’s the difference?
Who called you?
Who did you call?
Helping verbs in questions-Exercise 1
Identify helping verbs and change the following sentences into questions.
•
Simple Present - He writes letters.
•
Present Progressive - He is writing letters.
•
Simple Past - He wrote letters.
•
Past Progressive - He was writing letters.
•
Present Perfect - He has written letters.
•
Present Perfect Progressive - He has been writing letters.
•
Past Perfect - He had written letters.
•
will-future - He will write letters.
•
going to-future - He is going to write letters.
•
Conditional - He would write letters.
Helping verbs in questions-Exercise 1(answers)
He writes letters.
Simple Present – Does he write letters?
Present Progressive – Is he writing letters?
Simple Past – Did he write letters?
Past Progressive – Was he writing letters?
Present Perfect – Has he written letters?
Present Perfect Progressive – Has he been writing
letters?
Past Perfect – Had he written letters?
will-future – Will he write letters?
going to-future – Is he going to write letters?
Conditional – Would he write letters?
Helping verbs in questions-Exercise 2
What does the class play?
The class plays football.
1) John is writing a letter. What is John writing?
2) She walks home from school.
Who walks home from school?
3) The children are sitting in the garden.
Where are the children sitting?
4) Peter runs with his dog on Sundays.
When does Peter run with his dog?
5) My rabbit has a cage in the garden.
What does your rabbit have in the garden?
6) They go to work by bus. How do they go to work?
7) David likes cats because they are nice.
Why does David like cats?
8) Jenny isn't sleeping late today.
Who isn't sleeping late today?
9) We are going to the cinema. Where are we going?
10) I'm leaving now. When are you leaving?
Helping verbs: have, has, had (1)
The verb have can be an auxiliary verb or a
main verb in English.
Have as a main verb in the Simple Present
(have, has, don't have, doesn't have)
e.g. I have a new scooter. I don’t have a scooter.
e.g. He has a son. He doesn’t have a son.
Have as a main verb in the Simple Past (had,
didn't have)
e.g. He had a piano. He didn’t have a piano.
Helping verbs: have, has, had (2)
Have as an auxiliary verb in the perfect
tenses.
e.g. He has found a place to stay. (present perfect)
e.g. He had found a place to stay. (past perfect)
e.g. He will have found a place to stay. (future perfect)
Have as an auxiliary verb and a main verb in
the perfect tenses.
e.g. He has had some ice cream. (present perfect)
e.g. He had had some ice cream. (past perfect)
e.g. He will have had some ice cream. (future
perfect)
Helping verbs: have, has, had (Exercise)
Identify verbs as an auxiliary verb or a main
verb. Example: Lena has a new guitar.
Answer: main verb
main verb
1) This old house has no central heating.
main verb
2) Do you have a glass of water?
auxiliary verb
main verb
3) I have had this computer for three years.
auxiliary verb
main verb
4) She has had her dog since 2005.
auxiliary verb
5) Lisa has been singing for 10 minutes now.
6) My parents had fish for dinner.
main verb
7) Did you have a shower this morning?
main verb
8) Frank had played tennis when he was 12.
auxiliary verb
9) Look, the bus is coming. We have to hurry.
main verb
10) Has Mrs. Jones written the essay?
auxiliary verb
Helping verbs: Be-1
The Verb- be can be an auxiliary verb or a main
verb in English.
be as a main verb in the Simple Present (am,
are, is) and in the Simple Past (was, were)
e.g. I am from Taiwan. He isn’t from England.
e.g. He was asleep. I wasn’t.
Helping verbs: Be-2
be as an auxiliary verb in the Present
Progressive (is, are, am) and Past
Progressive (was, were)
e.g. I am talking.
e.g. He was lying.
Helping verbs: Be-3
be as an auxiliary verb in the passive:
Simple Present (is, are, am): A house is built.
Simple Past (was, were): A house was built.
Will- future (be): A house will be built.
going-to future (be): A house is going to be built.
Helping verbs: Be (Exercise)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Identify Be as an auxiliary verb or a main verb.
Example: He is silent. Answer: main verb
He is updating his blog. Aux V
He is interesting. Main V
You must be kidding. Aux V
His answer is false. Main V
Tom was cheated by his girlfriend. Aux V
We were totally mad. Main V
Mary was biting her fingernails. Aux V
I will be fine. Main V
How was your father? Main V
What were you doing when the fire occurred? Aux V
Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did
He does his homework carefully.
Main verb
He does not work out every day.
Auxiliary verb
What did you do last night?
Auxiliary verb
Main verb
Helping verbs or main verbs: do, does, did (exercise)
What are you doing now? Main verb
What have you done to your hair? Main verb
Main verb
He didn’t do the job well. Aux verb
He did finish his assignment. Aux verb
We have done all the chores. Main verb
I will do it myself. Main verb
Modals-1
Modals are: can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall,
should, will, would and need
(need can be a full verb, too).
We can play football.
We could play football.
We may play football.
We might play football.
We must play football.
We mustn't play football.
We needn't play football.
We ought to play football.
We shall play football. We should play football.
We will play football.
We would play football.
Modals-2
1)Do not use modals for things which happen definitely.
The sun rises in the East.
2)They do not have an -s in the 3rd person singular.
He can play football.
3)Questions are formed without do/does/did.
Can he speak Spanish?
4)It follows a full verb in the infinitive.
They must read the book.
5)There are no past forms (except could and would).
He was allowed to watch the film.
6)When you use the past participle, you tell about things
which did not happen in the past.
You should have told me.
Modal: Exercise 1
Use the words in parentheses to complete sentences.
1) Last week we _______swimming, this week we can't. (can/to go)
2) Maybe the Smiths _______a new house next year. (be able/to
build)
3) If you try hard, you_______ your examinations. (can/to pass)
4) When I was five, I_______ . (not/can/to swim)
5) Dennis _______the trumpet after four months. (can/to play)
6) Luke has passed his driving test, now he _______a car. (can/to
drive)
7) For three weeks I _______to him on the phone. (not/can/to
speak)
8) Alex _______his homework when his desk is in such a mess.
(not/be able/to do)
9) They were so busy, they _______me a text message. (not/can/to
write)
10) Lisa _______her dress. She can wear it again. (can/to clean)
Modal: Exercise 1 (answers)
could go swimming, but this week
1) Last week we _______
we can't.
will be able to build a new
2) Maybe the Smiths _______________
house next year.
can pass your examinations.
3) If you try hard, you _______
4) When I was five, I ____________.
could not swim
could play the trumpet after four months.
5) Dennis ________
can drive
6) Luke has passed his driving test, now he _______
a car.
could not speak to him on the
7) For three weeks I _____________
phone.
will not be able to do his homework when his
8) Alex _________________
desk is in such a mess.
could not write me a text
9) They were so busy, they ____________
message.
10) Lisa has been able to clean her dress. She
can wear it again.
________
Modals- Exercise 2
Shall
1. You seem to be having trouble there. _________
I help
you? (Would/Will/Shall)
Could you
2. I don't have enough money to buy lunch. __________
lend me a couple of dollars?
(May/Could/Shall)
3. That ice is dangerously thin now. You ________
mustn’t go iceskating today.
(mustn't/might not/would mind not to)
should
4. It's way past my bedtime and I'm really tired. I ________
go to bed.
(should/ought/could)
5. He ______________
have committed this crime. He wasn't
couldn't
even in the city that night.(might/shouldn't/couldn't)
Modal-Exercise 2
must have missed the
6. John is over two hours late already, He ___________
bus again. (should have/must have/will have)
Would you mind showing me how to get
7. I'm really quite lost. _______________
out of here?
(Would you mind/Would you be/Must you be)
ought
8. That bus is usually on time. It _________ to be here any time
now.
(might/has/ought)
9. I read about your plane's near disaster. You ____________
must have been
terrified!
(might have been/must have been/shall have been)
have to
10. It's the law. They ____________
have a blood test before they
get married.
(might/could/have to)
May
11. Professor Villa, we've finished our work for today. _________
we
leave now, please?
(May/Can/Must)
Supplementary materials of Parts of Speech
Three little words you often see
Are ARTICLES: a, an, and the.
A NOUN's the name of anything,
As: school or garden, toy, or swing.
ADJECTIVES tell the kind of noun,
As: great, small, pretty, white, or brown.
VERBS tell of something being done:
To read, write, count, sing, jump, or run.
How things are done the ADVERBS tell,
As: slowly, quickly, badly, well.
CONJUNCTIONS join the words together,
As: men and women, wind or weather.
The PREPOSITION stands before
A noun as: in or through a door.
The INTERJECTION shows surprise
As: Oh, how pretty! Ah! how wise!
The whole are called the PARTS of SPEECH,
Which reading, writing, speaking teach.
Supplementary materials : Definition of Auxiliary
Verbs:
the word help the main verb making a tense
兼用助動詞︰am, is, are, was, were, have, has,
had, do, does, did, need, dare, used
專用助動詞（亦稱“情態助動詞”）︰shall,
should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must,
ought, had better
1.兼用助動詞︰既可當助動詞又可當主動詞的動詞
am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do,
does, did, need, dare, used
助動詞
主動詞
Lisa is reading a novel.
Lisa is a student.
He does not live in .
He does his homework
carefully.
You need a new dress.
You needn’t tell her the
truth.
We used to sing songs in
KTV.
We used a pen to write.
2.專用助動詞︰只可作助動詞不可當主動詞的動詞
shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might,
must, ought, had better
You should study hard.
He can run very fast.
Mary may not come tomorrow.
3. 助動詞的特點︰
(1) “專用助動詞”無人稱與數的變化
•
•
I (He, Lisa, We, They) must study hard.
You can run fast, and he can too.
(2) “專用助動詞” 中僅ought後接to V，其 餘皆直
接加動詞原形
•
•
You ought to be very careful.
He will buy a gift for you.
(3)“兼用助動詞”之後有的有to，有的則無
I don’t know him.
I have to leave for Taipei now.
(4) need（必需/需要）/ dare（敢）在否定句及疑問
句中要加省略to的不定詞
I daren’t go out alone at night.
Need I get up at five a.m. tomorrow?
5)
過去式的助動詞未必指過去的事，可能是指現在或未來，除非上
下文有明顯的過去時間或談到過去的事
Could you lend me a pen?
《註》請問或拜託時，用could比較正式； 也可
用can，但多用於熟人的情況，would情況亦
類似
You should take care of your dog carefully.
《註》 should除作shall的過去式外，在表示主詞
的責任或義務“應該” 時要用should而非shall