Download Science Chapter 3 – Unit B: Forms of Energy Lesson 1: Kinetic and

Science
Chapter 3 – Unit B: Forms of Energy
Lesson 1: Kinetic and Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy- the energy of motion
Energy is the ability to do work
You do work whenever you apply a force (a push or pull) and move an
object some distance.
The faster an object moves the more kinetic energy it has
Potential Energy- stored energy or energy that an object has due to
its position
Potential energy is not always due to an object’s height
Example: wind-up toy and batteries
Atoms can store energy in the way they’re connected together.
Batteries, food, gasoline, and coal are all examples of this kind of
stored energy
Changing Between Kinetic and Potential Energy
Energy can change from kinetic to potential energy and from
potential to kinetic energy. But, the total amount of energy doesn’t
change.
A roller coaster car has its greatest potential energy at its
greatest height, at the top of the highest hill. It also has its least
kinetic energy here because it is almost stopped. As the car goes
down the track, its height and potential energy decreases; while its
speed and kinetic energy increase. At the bottom of the hill, the
car has the least amount of potential energy but has its greatest
amount of kinetic energy.
Lesson 2: What Forms of Energy Do You Use?
Forms of Energy
Sound Energy- is the energy of vibrations carried by the air, water,
or other matter.
Radiant Energy- is energy that travels as waves and can move
through empty space. Some radiant energy comes from the sun.
Electrical Energy- is energy carried by electricity
Mechanical Energy- is energy an object has due to its, position, or
condition.
Nuclear Energy- is energy produced when an atom splits or when
two atoms join to form one atom.
Chemical Energy- is energy stored in the way atoms are connected
to each other.
Thermal Energy- is the energy of the movement of atoms and
molecules.
How Energy Changes Form
Energy can change form and people commonly change energy for one
form to another as they use it.
Although energy can change form, it cannot be created or
destroyed.
Lesson 3: What is Radiant Energy?
How Radiant Energy Moves
All types of radiant energy travel in waves. Radiant energy can
move through places where there is no matter.
There are seven forms of radiant energy: gamma rays, x rays,
ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, and radio
rays.
A wavelength is the distance from one point on a wave to the same
point on the next wave.
Various types of radiant energy are different because their
wavelengths are different.
Gama rays preserve foods and treat some cancers
X-rays are used to create images of bone and teeth
Microwaves cook food, are also used in radars and in telephone
equipment
Although light from the sun appears white, it is actually a
combination of all the colors in the spectrum.
Visible light can pass through some types of matter but not others
Light can go through transparent materials, example: plastic wrap
Translucent materials scatter light, example wax paper
Opaque materials allow no light to pass through
Lesson 4: What is Sound Energy?
How Sound Energy Moves
Sounds are produced by the vibrations of matter.
These vibrations can move through matter that is solid, liquid, or
gaseous form, but they cannot travel through empty space where
there is no matter.
The number of waves passing in a point in one second is called
frequency.
Humans can only hear a small range of sounds.
Bats avoid running into things in the dark by making high-frequency
sounds.
When you rind a bell, you change a form of energy into sound
energy.