Download Project Red Talon Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board

Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases
Project Red Talon
Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Stephanie Craig Rushing, MPH
([email protected]) www.npaihb.org
STDs: Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
There are over 30 kinds
of sexually transmitted
diseases!!
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
STDs: Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
How many can
you name?
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
STDs: Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
• We will focus on the major
ones that impact our
communities:
•
•
•
•
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Chlamydia
Crabs
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts
- Gonorrhea
- Syphilis
- PID
- HIV/AIDS
Bacteria or Virus?
•
•
•
•
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
PID (pelvic
inflammatory
disease)
• Genital Herpes
• Genital Warts
• HIV/AIDS
•
•
•
•
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Bacteria
Virus
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
PID (pelvic
inflammatory
disease)
• Genital Herpes
• Genital Warts
• HIV/AIDS
Bacteria
/
Virus
• What is the difference
between a bacterial infection
and a viral infection?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Bacteria
No Cure:
Just Treatment
/
Virus
Cure:
Antibiotics
Chlamydia trachomatis
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
How STDs Spread…
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STDs) are
caused by viruses or
bacteria that enter the
body through tiny cuts
or tears.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
You can get infected
without having sex…
STDs can be passed by:
1. skin-to-skin contact
2. through sexual fluids
3. ingesting fecal material
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
You can get infected
without having sex…
1. skin-to-skin contact
(oral, vaginal, or anal sex)
2. through sexual fluids
(blood, semen, infected
discharge, vaginal fluids)
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
3. ingesting fecal material
(even microscopic
amounts!)
Fact:
1 out of
4 teens
having
sex has
an STD
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Most people don’t
know they’re infected
Many STDs do not
produce noticeable
signs or symptoms,
and mild signs often
go unrecognized.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Chlamydia
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Chlamydia
• No symptoms 80% of the time!
• Symptoms for Women:
bleeding after sex, lower
abdominal pain, discharge from
vagina
• Symptoms for Men:
painful urination, discharge from
penis, lower abdominal pain
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
• Bacterial infection (can be cured!!!)
Total and AI Chlamydia Rates by Age Group
2003
United States
Cases per 100,000 population
Total U.S.
AI U.S.
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Report Year
Chlamydia is most common among 15-24 year olds, and is more
Northwest Portland Area
Indian common
Health Board among Native youth than among other populations.
Fact: 1 in 10 sexually
active teens has
chlamydia.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
This woman’s cervix has manifested signs of a erosion
and erythema due to chlamydial infection. (1985)
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Copyright © 2001-2004
Campaign for Our Children
Gonorrhea
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Gonorrhea
• Bacterial infection
(can be cured!!!)
• Symptoms for Women:
irritation of the cervix, pee often,
can cause PID and infertility
• Symptoms for Men:
painful urination, inflammation,
discharge from penis only 50% of
the time
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Fact: Chlamydia and
gonorrhea rates are highest
among
15 to 24
year olds.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
This patient presented with a case of gonorrhea with symptoms including
cervicitis and vaginal discharge.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
This patient presented with a case of gonorrhea with symptoms
including penile discharge.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
This patient presented with a lesion of the right hand due to a
disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteremia. (1979)
Though a sexually transmitted disease, if a Gonorrhea infection is allowed to go untreated,
the Neisseria gonorrhea bacteria responsible for the infection can become disseminated
Northwest Portland Area
throughout the body, forming lesions in extra-genital locations.
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Syphilis
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Syphilis
• Bacterial infection (can be cured)
• 3 distinct phases:
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
– Primary (sores develop then go
away)
– Secondary (4 – 10 weeks after
chancres go away)
– Latent (dormant phase, no
signs… all but gone, causes
irreversible brain, nerve, and
tissue damage)
Total and AI/AN P/S Syphilis Rates, by Age Group - 2003
United States
AI/AN
AI
U.S.U.S.
Total U.S.
Cases per 100,000 population
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10-14
15-19
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
Age
40-44
45-54
55-64
65+
These images show chancres on the penile shaft due to a primary syphilitic
infection caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria.
The primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the appearance of a single sore
called a chancre. The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It
appears
at the spot where T. pallidum bacteria entered the body, and lasts 3-6
Northwest Portland Area
weeks,
healing
Indian Health
Board on its own.
This syphilis patient presented with symptoms indicative of the secondary stage
of the disease, which included multiple lesions located on the penis and scrotum.
Secondary syphilis is the most contagious of all the stages, and is characterized by a systemic
spread of the Treponema pallidum bacterium. The secondary maculopapular rash usually causes
no itching, and can appear as the chancre, or chancres found during the primary stage of syphilis
Northwest Portland Area
are
healing,
several weeks after the chancres have healed.
Indian
Healthor
Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
HIV/AIDS
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Copyright © 2001-2004
Campaign for Our Children
HIV/AIDS
• No cure!
• Can be treated
• HIV: Human
Immunodeficiency virus
• AIDS: Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Fact: Two U.S. teens are
infected with HIV every
hour of every day.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Race/ethnicity of persons living with AIDS, 2003
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Other STDs…
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease
• Also called PID
• Bacterial infection (can be cured)
• Can be caused by untreated
chlamydia or gonorrhea
• Infects reproductive organs
• 1 million women have it!!!
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Pubic Lice “Crabs”
• Caused by a parasite
• Not the same thing as head
or body lice
• Women and men:
itching and burning
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Copyright © 2001-2004
Campaign for Our Children
This is an illustration comparing the Head Louse, Pediculus humanus,
with the Pubic Louse, Phthirus pubis.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Genital Herpes
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
• Can’t be cured…Can be
treated!
• Causes blisters/ulcers on or
around genitals
• Very contagious
• As many as 80 to 90% of
those infected fail to
recognize symptoms!
• 50 million Americans have it!
This patient presented with what was diagnosed as a herpes genitalis
outbreak on the penile shaft due to HSV-2. (1978)
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
HPV: Genital Warts
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
• No cure! New Vaccine.
• It can be treated
• Caused by the HPV
(human papilloma virus)
• Can cause cervical cancer in
women
• Most common STD
transmitted by a virus!!!
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Hepatitis A
• Inflammation of the liver
• Hepatitis A heals completely
• Can’t get it again, lifelong
immunity
• Oral-fecal transmission
• Vaccine preventable
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Hepatitis B
• Inflammation of the liver
• Transmission: blood, semen,
vaginal secretions, saliva
• Acute and chronic carriers
• Over 1 millions Americans
have chronic Hepatitis B
• Vaccine preventable
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Hepatitis C
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
• Inflammation of the liver
• Transmitted mainly through
blood (IV drug use especially)
• Like Hepatitis A and B, there
is no cure for Hepatitis C
• Can cause liver failure and
cancer.
• No vaccine available.
Know the Facts.
Know for Sure.
If left untreated, STDs can
cause infertility, long-term
pain, or cancer.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Prevention
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Preventing STDs…
As with many other diseases,
prevention is key. It's much
easier to prevent STDs than
to treat them. The only way to
completely prevent STDs is to
abstain from all types of
sexual contact.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Preventing STDs…
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
If you decide to have sex, it
means you must also take
responsibility to protect
yourself and your partner from
unplanned pregnancy and
STDs. Latex condoms are the
only form of birth control that
lessen your risk of contracting
an STD.
Fact: 1 of every 5
sexually active teen
females will get
pregnant this year.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Copyright © 2001-2004
Campaign for Our Children
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Preventing STDs…
What Works:
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
ABSTINENCE.
Latex condoms.
Sticking to one partner, who
has been tested and is
uninfected.
Good communication about
sexual history & STDs.
Avoiding alcohol and drugs.
Know the Facts.
Know for Sure.
If you have had
unprotected sex, you
may have an STD and
not know it.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Know the Facts.
Know for Sure.
If your partner has had
unprotected sex, your
partner may have an STD
and not know it.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Know the Facts.
If you think
youfor
have
an STD, there
Know
Sure.
is something you can do about it…
The only way to know
for sure is to be tested.
Visit your clinic or call the CDC National
STD and AIDS Hotline for more information
at (800) 227-8922, 24 hours a day, 7 days
a week.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
In many States (including Oregon,
Washington, and Idaho), teens age 14
years and above may consent to STD
and HIV testing and treatment without
parental consent…
If you are concerned about this, call the clinic before
you go. Ask if you need to bring your parent along for
permission and what information the clinic will share
with them. This way you know what to expect ahead
of time.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Know your Score, Take the Quiz!
1. Have you talked to your partner about Sexual Health?
2. Do you have sex with a condom or barrier on every
occasion?
3. Are you sure your current partner is free of Sexually
Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?
4. Do you know for sure if any of your past partners have
had an STD?
5. Has your partner shown you STD test results?
If you answered “No” or “Not Sure” to any of these
questions, visit your clinic to receive confidential
testing.
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board
Questions?
Northwest Portland Area
Indian Health Board