Download APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner

APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner
Grade Level/Subject
Grade 8 Physical Science Unit 9
Stage 1: Desired Results
Enduring Understanding
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Forces are interactions between masses that can change motion.
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Gravity is an important example of a force we encounter daily
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Work is an application of force that can be made easier with machines.
Correlations
Unifying Understanding
VA SOL
PS 10 b,c,d
NSES (grade level)
AAAS Atlas
Essential Questions
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Why do objects start and stop moving?
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Why do some objects move faster than others?
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How does gravity affect our motion in the world?
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What makes some collisions of objects more destructive than others?
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Why are work and energy both measured in Joules
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How do machines make work easier?
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Why does the ideal machine not exist?
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Why do things change their motion?
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What rules describe the effects of forces on the motion of objects?
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What forces do particles exert? (pressure)
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What rules describe the effect of gravity on the motion of objects?
Knowledge and Skills
Students should know:
• A force is a push or a pull and is measured in Newtons
• There are 4 fundamental forces in the universe. We perceive the effects of
two of them daily.
• Friction is a force that acts against movement.
• Net force is the sum of all the forces acting on a mass.
• If the net force applied to an object is equal to zero, there will be no change
in motion.
• The roles that Issac Newton and Galileo played in the study of motion of
objects
• A net force applied to a mass results in acceleration.
• The direction of the net force applied to an object determines the direction
of the acceleration
• Gravity is a force pulling masses toward each other.
• The strength of the force of gravity depends upon the masses of the
objects.
• The force of gravity accelerates objects in free fall and rolling downhill.
• Acceleration due to gravity is not dependent on mass of the falling object.
• Acceleration due to the force of gravity is about 10m/s2
• An object’s momentum is proportional to the object’s velocity and mass.
• Net force changes momentum.
• Work is equal to force * distance.
• Work is a transfer of energy
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• Both work and energy are measured in Joules
For work to be done the force must be applied in the direction of the
object’s motion.
• Machines are devices that make work easier
• In all machines some work input is lost due to Friction (No such thing as a
100% efficient machine)
• Mechanical advantage is a measure of how much easier machines make work.
• Power is a measure of the rate that work is done
Students should be able to:
• Explain net force
• Describe acceleration as a result of net force.
• Explain gravity as a universal force of attraction between masses.
• Explain the interplay of force and time (impulse) and momentum in car
crashes.
• Describe situations where work is and isn’t being done according to the
scientific definition.
• Describe how machines make work easier by changing the size of the force,
the direction of the force or both.
• Calculate acceleration using the equation a=F/m
• Calculate work using the equation W=F*D
Stage 2: Assessment Evidence
Prior Knowledge and Skills
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Pre-test on simple machines and Newton’s Laws
Formative Assessment
Summative Assessment
Vacuum chamber
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Pendulum Lab Force and Energy drawing
marshmallow explanation
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Quiz on Forces, Newton’s Laws and pressure
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Section 2-8 C&C WKS
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Quiz on Work and Machines
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FOSS Gravity It’s the Law
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Unit test
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reading discussion
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McDougall Physical Science
CH 13 Reading checks
Stage 3: Learning Plan
References to Adopted Materials
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Holt Physical Science CH 6,7,8
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Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science CH 2
Suggested Investigations
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Pendulum Lab
Outdoor Education Applications
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Resources
Web Sites
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http://phet.colorado.edu/
Videos
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Eureka Simple Machines
United Streaming
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Field Trips
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Other
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Physical Science Daybook-Mass Action WKS
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Conceptual Physics Paul Hewitt CH 3-Linear Motion, CH 5 Newton’s 3rd Law
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Conceptual Physics Paul Hewitt practice book –CH 5
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McDougall Physical Science CH 12 and 13