Download Slide #12: What is leukemia? Cancer of the white blood cells

BLOOD, LYMPHATIC, AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Slide #1 BLOOD, CARDIOVASCULAR & LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
Circulatory Systems of the body, circulating blood and lymph—transporting
substances for homeostasis of the body
Slide #2: What are three functions of blood? Transport, Regulation—body
temp, body fluids, pH, Fight infection and protect from disease
Slide #3: What is hemopoesis and where does it happen? Production of blood
and it occurs in the red bone marrow
Slide #4: What are the components of blood? 1—plasma, 2—red blood cells, 3—
white blood cells and platelets
Slide #5: What is the function of erythrocytes? Carry O2
Slide #6: Describe the erythrocyte structure. Concave, disc-like and carries O2
What makes it different than most cells? it has no nucleus
What is hemoglobin? Iron and protein molecules that are on red blood cells—
they carry oxygen
Slide #7: What is a leukocyte? White blood cells that fight infections What
are the five types of leukocytes and what are their functions? Neutrophils—
phagocytes that eat pathogens (germs) Eosinophils—phagocytic removal of
allergens, basophils—secrete histamines as a result of allergy response promote
inflammation, lymphocytes—antibodies, monocytes—large phagocytes
Slide #8: What is a thrombocyte and what is it’s function? Platelet, blood
clotting or hemostasis
Slide #9: Of a thrombus and embolus, which is the traveling one and which is
stationary? Thrombus is stationary, embolus is traveling clot
Slide #10: What is hemostasis? Blood clotting or stopping bleeding
Slide #11: Match these with their definitions. Platelet plug-- Platelets change
shape to stick together vascular spasm-- Smooth muscle pulls wound together
coagulation. Changing fibrinogen to fibrin
Slide #12: What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic factors?
Intrinsic are reactions that take place in the blood—extrinsic are reactions
that take place in the tissue during hemostasis
Slide #13: What are ABO antigens and how are they different from antibodies?
They are particles that determine blood types and are located on Red Blood
Cells. Antibodies are found in the plasma and are formed in response to the
antigens present in blood that determine blood type.
Slide #14: What are the possible genotypes of Type A blood? Type O? A=A + O
and A + A, O blood= O + O
Slide #15: Which blood type is the universal donor? Type O
Slide #16: What is polycythemia? Excessive erythrocytes RBCs
Slide #17: What is hemophilia? Sex-linked genetic disorder where there are
missing clotting factors.
Slide #18: What is hemolytic disease of the newborn? Mother has Rh- blood.
If she has a first pregnancy with baby who is Rh+ she will develop antibodies
towards her baby. Second baby that is Rh+ mother may attack baby.
Slide #12: What is leukemia? Cancer of the white blood cells
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM REVIEW
Slide #20: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM—Pertaining to the heart and blood
vessels
Slide #21: What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
Circulation and transportation of substances.
Slide #22: What is the order of the three layers of the heart and which one is
the heart muscle? Epicardium, myocardium (heart muscle), endocaridium
Slide #23: Which are the receiving chambers of the heart? Atria Which are the
pumping chambers? Ventricles
Slide #24: What are the great vessels of the heart? superior and inferior vena
cava, pulmonary trunk, aorta
Slide #25: Name the valves of the heart. 1. Tricuspid AV valve 2. Bicuspid AV
valve 3. pulmonary semilunar valve 4. aortic semilunar valve
Slide #26: Draw arrows and then write out how blood flows through the
heart—superior and inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, right atrium, tricuspid
valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk, right and
left pulmonary arteries, lungs, right and left pulmonary veins, left atrium,
bicuspid (mitral) valve, left ventrile, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, coronary
arteries, brachiocephalic, left common ceratoid, left subclavian, descending
aorta
Slide #27: What makes the heart sounds heard with a stethoscope? Closing of
the heart valves—lub—AV valves closing, Dub-SL valves closing
Slide #28: What are the principle parts of the conduction system of the heart—
SA node, AV node, Buncle of HIS, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje
fibers
Slide #29: Which of these is systole-- When the heart is contracting.
and which is diastole-- When the heart is at rest.?
Slide #30: What do these abbreviations mean?
HR is heart rate X is multiplied by SV stroke volume = CO cardiac output
Slide #30: What determines cardiac output? How many heartbeats per minute
which is the heart rate multiplied by the volume of blood with each heart pump
and equals the cardiac output
Slide #32: What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic
circulation
Pulmonary goes from the heart to the lungs and systemic goes from the heart
to the body
Slide #33: What is blood pressure and how do you measure it? When the heart
contracts it exerts force on the arterial wall—systole, when the heart is at
rest, force exerted on the walls—dyastole, measured with a blood pressure
cuff
What is the most accurate way to measure blood pressure? Using a recently
calibrated blood pressure cuff and listening to the sounds with a stethoscope
What does 120/80 mean? Average adult blood pressure
What is the name of the cuff used to measure blood pressure?
sphygmomanometer
Slide #34: What is pulse and where can you feel it? Force exerted on arterial
walls with each heart beat—you can feel the pulse where arteries are close to
surface and bone. Carotid, radial, brachial, pedal, temporal
Slide #35: What are 3 major similarities and differences between arteries, veins,
and capillaries? Similarities: veins and arteries have three layers, all carry blood
and transport substances, veins and arteries have a lumen differences: arteries
carry blood away from heart, veins carry it toward, arteries carry oxygenated
blood except pulmonary, veins carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary,
veins have valves, capillaries have one layer, area of exchange
Slide #36: What is an aneurysm? Weak area of artery that balloons out
Slide #37: What is angina pectoris? Heart pain (pain in the chest)
Slide #38: What is an arrythmia? Irregular heartbeat
Slide #39: What is atherosclerosis? Hardening of the arteries
Slide #40: What is CAD coronary artery disease and CVA—cerebral vascular
accident (stroke)
Slide #41: What is a myocardial infarction? Heart attack—a portion of the
heart dies due to a blocked coronary artery and causes the heart to stop
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Slide #42: LYMPAHTIC SYSTEM—Returns fluid to blood and helps fight
infection (immune system)
Slide 43: What and where are the tonsils—lymphoid tissue--pharyngeal tonsiladenoids are in the nasal cavity, palatine are at the back of the throat and
lingual are down the throat a little ways, spleen—largest lymphoid organ that
filters out germs, recycles blood cells parts and is located in left upper
quadrant inferior to the left lung, thymus—T cell maturation takes place here
and located posterior to the sternum, lymph nodes—small lymphoid organs
located in clusters by lymphatic vessels, bone marrow in spongy bone where
white blood cells are made and lymph vessels which transport lymph and are
closely associated with the cardiovascular system
Slide #44: What are two functions of the spleen? Filter blood and fight
infection, blood reservoir, recycles red blood cell parts
Slide #45: Why does the thymus get smaller as we age? Our T-cells learn how to
fight infections we are exposed to and over time we have been exposed to a lot
of antigens, therefore, we don’t need the Thymus as much as we did when we
were younger and not exposed to much
Slide#46: What is M.A.L.T? Mucosa Associated lymphoid tissue
Slide #47: Whatare two things that help lymph travel through the body?--
Pressure gradients caused by breathing. Skeletal muscle contractions, One way
valves.
Slide #48: What is the difference between an antigen and an

antibody? Antigens are foreign particles that enter the body, Antibodies are
proteins (B cells) that target antigens for destruction
Slide #49: Match these cells with their function, helper T-cell-- These are the
generals of the immune repsponse., cytoxic T cell-- These poison antigens.,
suppressor T cell-- These stop the immune response, memory T-cell-- These
remember the antigen in case there is a future attack.

Slide #50: Describe the difference between the two types of B cells. Plasma
cells, sometimes referred to as B-plasma cells, make and secrete large numbers
of antibodies that target antigens and help with eliminating them, Memory Bcells help in the response to a second exposure to the same antigens
Slide #51: What is the definition of an autoimmune disease? Where the body
attacks itself—the immune system does damage to healthy cells in the body
Slide #52 What are mumps and why do we not see this anymore? Viral infection
that attacks the paratoid salivary gland and causes it to swell—can cause
infertility in males—vaccination available now
Slide #53: What is polio? A viral disease that attacks the white matter in the
spinal cord—caused by a virus—there is a vaccination for it now
Slide #54 What are allergies? Body has an immune response to substances that
are not harmful to the body such as pollen or certain foods