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Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization Atomic Structure/ Molecules/ Physiochemical Reactions Enzymes/ Organic and Inorganic Compounds/ Water pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/ Carbohydrates Lipids/Proteins Nucleic Acids/ High-Energy Compounds/Cells $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Prepared by Frank J. Torrano, American River College © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. FINAL ROUND Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $100 Question Which of the following is an inorganic compound? a. b. c. d. oxygen atom (O) oxygen gas (O2) water (H2O) glucose (C6H12O6) ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $100 Answer Which of the following is an inorganic compound? a. b. c. d. oxygen atom (O) oxygen gas (O2) water (H2O) glucose (C6H12O6) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $200 Question Which type of bonds attracts water molecules to each other, causing surface tension and slowing the rate of evaporation? a. b. c. d. hydrogen bonds covalent bonds peptide bonds ionic bonds ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $200 Answer Which type of bonds attracts water molecules to each other, causing surface tension and slowing the rate of evaporation? a. b. c. d. hydrogen bonds covalent bonds peptide bonds ionic bonds © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $300 Question Which of the following is a rule of chemical notation? a. A superscript following the abbreviation of an element indicates more than one atom. b. The number of atoms of each element must always be the same on both sides of the equation. c. In a chemical reaction, the interacting participants are called products. d. The abbreviation of a compound indicates one molecule of that compound. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $300 Answer Which of the following is a rule of chemical notation? a. A superscript following the abbreviation of an element indicates more than one atom. b. The number of atoms of each element must always be the same on both sides of the equation. c. In a chemical reaction, the interacting participants are called products. d. The abbreviation of a compound indicates one molecule of that compound. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $400 Question Most of the structural components of the human body are made up of which type of bond? a. b. c. d. nonpolar covalent ionic hydrogen polar covalent ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $400 Answer Most of the structural components of the human body are made up of which type of bond? a. b. c. d. nonpolar covalent ionic hydrogen polar covalent © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $500 Question Regardless of the element, the first electron shell of any atom of that element can hold a maximum of how many electrons? a. b. c. d. one two four eight ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Atomic Structure/Molecules/Physiochemical Reactions: $500 Answer Regardless of the element, the first electron shell of any atom of that element can hold a maximum of how many electrons? a. b. c. d. one two four eight © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $100 Question Which of the following are important gases dissolved in body fluids? a. b. c. d. nitrogen and oxygen nitrogen and radon carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide and nitrogen ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $100 Answer Which of the following are important gases dissolved in body fluids? a. b. c. d. nitrogen and oxygen nitrogen and radon carbon dioxide and oxygen carbon dioxide and nitrogen © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $200 Question Small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are which of the following? a. b. c. d. proteins inorganic compounds metabolites organic compounds ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $200 Answer Small molecules that generally do not contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are which of the following? a. b. c. d. proteins inorganic compounds metabolites organic compounds © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $300 Question Which of the following is true regarding water? a. b. c. d. Water is an excellent solvent. Water has a very low heat capacity. Water is a poor solvent. During hydrolysis of large molecules, water is released. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $300 Answer Which of the following is true regarding water? a. b. c. d. Water is an excellent solvent. Water has a very low heat capacity. Water is a poor solvent. During hydrolysis of large molecules, water is released. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $400 Question Enzymes have what effect on the activation energy of a reaction? a. b. c. d. They raise it. They nullify it. They lower it. None of the answers is correct. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $400 Answer Enzymes have what effect on the activation energy of a reaction? a. b. c. d. They raise it. They nullify it. They lower it. None of the answers is correct. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $500 Question Which of the following is true regarding enzymes? a. They reverse the direction of reactions. b. They increase the activation energy required for reactions to proceed. c. They decrease the complexity of products formed in endergonic reactions. d. They increase the rate of reactions. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Enzymes/Organic and Inorganic Compounds/Water: $500 Answer Which of the following is true regarding enzymes? a. They reverse the direction of reactions. b. They increase the activation energy required for reactions to proceed. c. They decrease the complexity of products formed in endergonic reactions. d. They increase the rate of reactions. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $100 Question Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. b. c. d. sucrose glucose glycogen fructose ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $100 Answer Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. b. c. d. sucrose glucose glycogen fructose © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $200 Question The pH of human blood is a. b. c. d. weakly acidic. strongly acidic. neutral. weakly basic. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $200 Answer The pH of human blood is a. b. c. d. weakly acidic. strongly acidic. neutral. weakly basic. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $300 Question The most abundant ions in body fluids are a. b. c. d. K+ and Na+. Cl– and H+. H+ and Na+. Na+ and Cl–. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $300 Answer The most abundant ions in body fluids are a. b. c. d. K+ and Na+. Cl– and H+. H+ and Na+. Na+ and Cl–. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $400 Question A calcium ion (Ca2+) has a +2 charge. This indicates the calcium atom has a. b. c. d. gained 2 protons. lost 2 protons. gained 2 electrons. lost 2 electrons. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $400 Answer A calcium ion (Ca2+) has a +2 charge. This indicates the calcium atom has a. b. c. d. gained 2 protons. lost 2 protons. gained 2 electrons. lost 2 electrons. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $500 Question Which pH value indicates a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration 1000 times higher than that of a pH 7 solution? a. b. c. d. 1 4 10 14 ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME pH/Inorganic Compound Roles/Carbohydrates: $500 Answer Which pH value indicates a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration 1000 times higher than that of a pH 7 solution? a. b. c. d. 1 4 10 14 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $100 Question Molecules in which of the following groups share a carbon-ring framework? a. b. c. d. fatty acids fats steroids phospholipids ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $100 Answer Molecules in which of the following groups share a carbon-ring framework? a. b. c. d. fatty acids fats steroids phospholipids © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $200 Question Denaturation is defined as a change in ________ of a protein. a. b. c. d. three-dimensional shape amino acid composition amino acid sequence a single amino acid ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $200 Answer Denaturation is defined as a change in ________ of a protein. a. b. c. d. three-dimensional shape amino acid composition amino acid sequence a single amino acid © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $300 Question Cholesterol is a a. b. c. d. phospholipid. steroid. fatty acid. protein. ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $300 Answer Cholesterol is a a. b. c. d. phospholipid. steroid. fatty acid. protein. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $400 Question Variable R-groups, or side chains, are found in which of the following? a. b. c. d. proteins nucleic acids lipids carbohydrates ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $400 Answer Variable R-groups, or side chains, are found in which of the following? a. b. c. d. proteins nucleic acids lipids carbohydrates © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $500 Question Proteins are formed via what process? a. b. c. d. hydrolysis hydration synthesis dehydration synthesis autolysis ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Lipids/Proteins: $500 Answer Proteins are formed via what process? a. b. c. d. hydrolysis hydration synthesis dehydration synthesis autolysis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $100 Question Which of the following are composed of amino acids? a. b. c. d. nucleic acids proteins lipids carbohydrates ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $100 Answer Which of the following are composed of amino acids? a. b. c. d. nucleic acids proteins lipids carbohydrates © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $200 Question Which of the following is the most important highenergy compound in the body? a. b. c. d. adenosine triphosphate phosphoric acid adenosine monophosphate adenosine diphosphate ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $200 Answer Which of the following is the most important highenergy compound in the body? a. b. c. d. adenosine triphosphate phosphoric acid adenosine monophosphate adenosine diphosphate © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $300 Question Thymine is found in which of the following? a. b. c. d. deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid lauric acid glycerol ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $300 Answer Thymine is found in which of the following? a. b. c. d. deoxyribonucleic acid ribonucleic acid lauric acid glycerol © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $400 Question DNA consists of two nucleotide molecule chains held together by weak ________ bonds. a. b. c. d. covalent peptide ionic hydrogen ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $400 Answer DNA consists of two nucleotide molecule chains held together by weak ________ bonds. a. b. c. d. covalent peptide ionic hydrogen © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $500 Question Which class of molecules directs the synthesis of enzymes? a. b. c. d. proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME Nucleic Acids/High-Energy Compounds/Cells: $500 Answer Which class of molecules directs the synthesis of enzymes? a. b. c. d. proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids lipids © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME FINAL ROUND Question The breakdown of sucrose (table sugar) into simple sugars is an example of what function? a. b. c. d. dehydration synthesis peptide bond formation hydrolysis glycogenolysis ANSWER © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME FINAL ROUND Answer The breakdown of sucrose (table sugar) into simple sugars is an example of what function? a. b. c. d. dehydration synthesis peptide bond formation hydrolysis glycogenolysis © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. BACK TO GAME