Download 8 th Grade Health Unit 3 Study Guide

8th Grade Health Unit 3 Study Guide
(Answers)
Chapter 8 – Nutrition for Health (pp. 192-211)
Terms to know:
Calories – Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to
the body.
Nutrients – substances in food that your body needs.
Nutrition – process of using food and its substances to help your body have energy, grow, develop, and
work properly.
Appetite – psychological desire for food.
Hunger – physical need for food.
Nutrient Deficiency – shortage of nutrients.
Carbohydrates – sugars and starches that provide the body with most of its energy.
Proteins – nutrients your body uses to build, repair, and maintain cells and tissue.
Amino Acids – small units that make up protein.
Saturated Fats – fats that are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fats – fats that remain liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins – substances needed in small quantities to help regulate body functions.
Minerals – elements needed in small quantities for forming healthy bones and teeth, and for regulating
certain body processes.
Fiber – the part of fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans that your body cannot digest.
Dietary Guidelines for America – recommendations about food choices for all healthy Americans age
two and over.
Foodborne Illness – sickness that results from eating food that is not safe to eat.
Food Guide Pyramid – a guide for making healthful daily food choices.
Percent Daily Value – the percent of the recommended daily amount of a nutrient provided in a serving
of food.
Empty Calories – Calories that come from foods that offer few, if any, nutrients.
Nutrient Density – the amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories they provide.
QUESTIONS:
1. What do calories measure?
They measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body.
2. What is the relationship between nutrition and health?
Good nutrition is one of the main factors in building and maintaining good health.
3. What is the difference between appetite and hunger?
Appetite is the psychological desire for food and hunger is the physical need for food.
4. Why are calcium-rich foods an important part of teen’s food choices?
For building strong and growing bones
5. Explain the role of media and technology in influencing food choices?
TV commercials and the increased availability of foods due to advances in technology.
6. Name 2 types of food that contain a simple carbohydrate.
Fruit, Milk, Honey
7. Name 2 types of food that contain a complex carbohydrate.
Breads, Cereal, Pasta
8. Why does your body need protein?
To build, repair, and maintain cells and tissues; help fight disease; to provide energy.
9. What is the difference between saturated fats and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats are liquid a room temperature.
10. What kinds of foods contain added sugars?
Soft drinks, cookies, candy, breakfast cereals, and spaghetti sauce.
11. What are 3 tools developed by the government to help Americans make wise food choices?
Dietary Guidelines, food guide pyramid, nutrition facts on food labels.
12. What are the ABCs outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Aim for fitness, Build a healthy base, Choose sensibly.
13. How can foodborne illness be prevented?
Washing hands before and after handling foods, cooking foods thoroughly, refrigerating
perishable foods promptly.
14. Name 2 foods in each of the 5 food groups that make up the Food Guide Pyramid.
See food guide pyramid! Page 205
15. What are 3 benefits of eating a nutritious breakfast?
Replenishes energy, improves grades, helps maintain healthy weight, and improves muscle
coordination.
16. What kinds of foods provide empty calories?
Fats, oils, sweets
17. How does knowledge of nutrient density help you choose sensible snacks?
You can compare the nutrient densities of snacks and choose the snack with the most nutrition
for the number of calories it provides.
Chapter 9 – Physical Activity and Fitness (pp.220-241)
Terms to Know:
Physical Activity – Any kind of movement that uses up energy.
Exercise – A specifically planned and organized session of physical activity that you do to improve or
maintain your physical fitness.
Physical Fitness – The ability to handle the physical demands of everyday life without becoming
overly tired.
Aerobic Exercise – nonstop moderate to vigorous activity that requires large amounts of oxygen and
works the heart.
Anaerobic Exercise – intense physical activity that requires little oxygen but uses short bursts of
energy.
Heart and Lung Endurance – how effectively your heart and lungs work when you exercise and how
quickly they return to normal when you stop.
Cross – Training – switching between different exercises.
Muscle Strength –measures the most weight you can lift or the most force you can exert at one
time.
Muscle Endurance –the ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert a force over a prolonged period of
time.
Body Composition – the ratio of body fat to lean body tissue.
Flexibility – the ability of your body is joints to move easily through a full range of motion.
Warm up – period of low to moderate exercise to prepare your body for more vigorous activity.
Cool down – period of low to moderate exercise to prepare your body to end a workout session.
Individual Sports – physical activities that you can do on your own or with a friend.
Team Sports – organized physical activities with specific rules in which groups of people play
together against other groups.
Sports Conditioning – regular physical activity or exercise to strengthen and condition muscles for
particular sport.
Dehydration – excessive water loss from the body.
Anabolic Steroids – drugs that cause muscle tissue to develop at an abnormally fast rate.
QUESTIONS:
1. What are 3 examples of the mental/emotional benefits of physical activity and 3 examples of
the social benefits?
Mental/Emotional – feel more alert and energetic, reduce stress, and lessen mental fatigue
Social – meet and interact with new people, work with others as a team, get support from
friends.
2. What is the difference between aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise?
Aerobic exercise is nonstop moderate to vigorous activity that requires large amounts of oxygen
and works the heart. Anaerobic exercise is intense physical activity that requires little oxygen
but uses short bursts of energy.
3. What is the best way to build heart and lung endurance?
By doing any moderate to vigorous exercise lasting at least 20-30 minutes, 3-5 times a week.
4. What is the difference between muscle strength and muscle endurance?
Muscle strength measures the most weight you can lift or the most force you can exert at one
time. Muscle endurance is the ability of a muscle to repeatedly exert a force over a prolonged
period of time.
5. Which part of your body is strengthened by curl-ups?
Abdominal muscles
6. What are the advantages of good flexibility?
You can easily bend, turn, or stretch
7. What should you keep in mind when preparing an activity plan?
Balance your schedule; be flexible about what you can do on any given day.
8. What are the 3 stages of an exercise workout?
Warm up, workout, cool down
9. Why would it be unwise to skip the cool down stage?
Your muscles may tighten up. You may feel dizzy or faint.
10. Why is dehydration dangerous?
It can lead to dizziness, muscle cramps, and heatstroke.
11. What are 3 ways to practice safe behavior in sports?
Exercise where and when its safe
Always warm up and cool down
Practice your sport regularly
Learn the proper techniques and rules of the game
Keep your emotions under control
12. What are the dangers of using anabolic steroids?
Liver and brain cancers
Weakening of tendons, leading to joint or tendon injuries
Cardiovascular damage and high blood pressure
Mental and emotional effects
Severe acne
Trembling
Bone damage
Facial hair growth in females and breast development in males