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Transcript
APES Alec Humphries Chapter 8 Guided Reading 1: Explain how the introduction of the American Gray Squirrel into Great Britain demonstrates the Competitive Exclusion Principle. The american gray squirrel competed with the British red squirrel to the point where the american gray squirrel became the dominant species in the area. Measuring Niches 1: What is an ecological niche? How an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors. 2: What is the difference between a fundamental and realized niche? A fundamental niche is the total resources that an individual can fulfill, and a realized niche is the actual amount of resources that a species uses. Symbiosis 1: In ecology, symbiosis describes a relationship between two organisms that is beneficial to both- each partner in symbiosis is called a: _________________ Mutualistic relationship 2: What is an obligate symbiont? Organism that is dependent on establishing a symbiotic relationship with another. 3: Explain the symbiotic relationship between people and dogs Dogs are friendly and companionable towards humans, and humans care for dogs, creating a behavioral symbiosis. Predation and Parasitism 1: Explain how predation and parasitism actually helps increase species diversity in an ecosystem They will cause individuals to adapt to the risks so they can better avoid predation or parasitism, possibly creating more species. How Geography and Geology Affect Biological Diversity 1: In general, greater diversity occurs: ______________________ At lower latitudes. APES Alec Humphries Chapter 8 Guided Reading 2: What geographic factors affect species biodiversity? Altitude, soil type, slope, and nearness to a drainage basin. 3: How can moderate environmental disturbances increase diversity? They can create new patches of different environmental factors, changing what species can live there. 4: How do people affect diversity? Explain. Human interaction tends to decrease diversity, because humans destroy the diverse habitats that animals used to survive just so that civilization can spread. *SEE TABLE BELOW* Convergent and Divergent Evolution 1: Define and give an example of each of the following: * Convergent Evolution The independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Ex: wings, birds have different kinds of them but some cannot fly. * Divergent Evolution The accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species. Ex: Galapagos finches An ecological island is not necessarily an island surrounded by water, but is an area of land, isolated by natural or artificial means from the surrounding land, where a natural micro-habitat exists amidst a larger differing ecosystem. Study Questions 1: Why do introduced species often become pests? They usually do not have natural predators. APES Alec Humphries Chapter 8 Guided Reading