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Portsmouth Physical Society Neutrinos – the Ghosts of Nature Physicist of the Year Awards Dec. 9th, 2011 Prof. Dave Wark, FRS Imperial College London Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society What are neutrinos, anyway? • The black sheep of the building blocks of matter. • There are three of them. • They interact only weakly with normal matter. Let’s not forget the Higgs… Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society ne Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Surface: 2 km 1000 tonnes D2O Phototube Support Structure (PSUP) Acrylic Vessel 104 8” PMTs 6500 tonnes H2O Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Construction Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society The Universe passed through a period of the very high energy density early in the Big Bang Matter was produced via – reactions like g+gp+p According to the known laws of physics, this should have produced almost equal quantities of matter and antimatter. Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society It didn’t…. Neutrino oscillations are one place where these new laws of physics could be seen. Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society # F ebrua ry , 2004 11 Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society The Super-Kamiokande Detector Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Neutrino Oscillations T2K ne Appearance Data Reduction All cuts optimized for low statistics and fixed before data taken. Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL Portsmouth Physical Society Dave Wark Imperial College/RAL