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What are we learning? Classification of animals Characteristics of animals The major animal groups Why are we learning this? The study of animals is essential to the understanding of life on Earth. Animals are one of the many branches of earth’s life. Classification: The tree of life There are 3 domains of life on Earth: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya (Eukaryotes) Which domain is the animal kingdom in? Eukaryotes What other kingdoms are also in this domain? Plants, Fungi - and some other groups that are not plants, fungus or animals. Animals include mammals, insects, birds, fish and more. Characteristics of animals. They are ● Multicellular – animals are made of many cells. ● Differentiated, by having cells turn into separate tissues. * except for the simplest animals, e.g. sea sponges. Images from https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/4-1-types-of-tissues/ ● Eukaryotic – cells have a nucleus and many organelles. Each organelle has its own job. ● Animals cells have flexible membranes (lipid bilayers) (only plants and bacteria have rigid cell walls) ● Have a body plan that becomes fixed as they develop. ● Are motile – they can move, as opposed to plants, which can’t move. ● Heterotrophs – they must eat other organisms for sustenance. (contrast with autotrophs, which make their own food) Classification of animals into groups Vertebrates: animals with a backbone Includes birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles (*), fish. Invertebrates: animals without a backbone Coelenterata – comb jellies, coral animals, true jellies (“jellyfish), sea anemones, etc. Flatworms – Planarians, flukes and tapeworms Annelids – over 17,000 species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. Mollusks – clams, oysters, octopuses, squid, snails Arthropods – millipedes, centipedes, insects, spiders, scorpions, crabs, lobsters, shrimp Arachnids – 100,000 species of spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, etc. Crustacean – 17,000 species of crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles. Insects – over a million different species! Myriapoda – Over 13,000 species of centipedes and millipedes Sea sponges (not shown on the diagram above) Name____________________________ What are we learning? ______________________________ of animals ______________________________ of animals The major animal groups Why are we learning this? The study of animals is essential to the understanding of life on Earth. Animals are one of the many branches of earth’s life. Classification: The tree of life There are _______________________on Earth: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Which domain is the animal kingdom in? ________________________ What other kingdoms are also in this domain? ____________________________ _________________________________________________________________________. Animals include mammals, _______________________________________ Characteristics of animals. They are ● ___________________________ – animals are made of many cells. ● ________________________, by having cells turn into separate tissues. * except for the simplest animals, e.g. sea sponges. Images from https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/4-1-types-of-tissues/ ● _______________________ – cells have a nucleus and many organelles. Each _________________ has its own job. ● Animals cells have __________________________ (lipid bilayers) (only ___________________________________ have rigid cell walls) ● Have a body plan ______________________________ _ as they develop. ● Are ______________ – they can move, as opposed to plants, which can’t move. ● ________________________ – they must eat other organisms for sustenance. (contrast with autotrophs, which make their own __________) Classification of animals into groups ___________________: animals with a backbone Includes birds, mammals, amphibians, _____________________ _____________________: animals without a backbone Coelenterata – comb jellies, coral animals, __________________(“jellyfish), sea _________________, etc. Flatworms – Planarians, flukes and __________________ Annelids – 17,000 species including ragworms, ________________ and leeches. Mollusks – clams, oysters, octopuses, __________________________ Arthropods – millipedes, _______________________________, scorpions, crabs, lobsters, shrimp Arachnids – 100,000 species of spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, etc. _________________ – 17,000 species of crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill and barnacles. Insects – over a million different species! Myriapoda – Over 13,000 species of centipedes and millipedes _________________ (not shown on the diagram above) Learning Standards Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework Life Science (Biology), Grades 6–8. Classify organisms into the currently recognized kingdoms according to characteristics that they share. Be familiar with organisms from each kingdom. Biology, High School 5.2 Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms. Recognize that species are further classified into a hierarchical taxonomic system (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) based on morphological, behavioral, and molecular similarities. Benchmarks for Science Literacy, American Association for the Advancement of Science Students should begin to extend their attention from external anatomy to internal structures and functions. Patterns of development may be brought in to further illustrate similarities and differences among organisms. Also, they should move from their invented classification systems to those used in modern biology… A classification system is a framework created by scientists for describing the vast diversity of organisms, indicating the degree of relatedness between organisms, and framing research questions. SAT Biology Subject Area Test Evolution and diversity: Origin of life, evidence of evolution, patterns of evolution, natural selection, speciation, classification and diversity of organisms. Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science, National Academy Press (1998) Biological classifications are based on how organisms are related. Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities which reflect their evolutionary relationships. Species is the most fundamental unit of classification.