Download DDT - Chemical and Molecular Toxicology

DDT and DIE
TIOZON, Rhowell Jr. N.
PADUA, Jann Andre
It is right
to ban
DDT!
Welcome to DDT
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is
an organochlorine insecticide which is a
white, crystalline solid, tasteless and
almost odorless chemical compound.
Welcome to DDT
.Technical DDT has been formulated in
almost every conceivable form including
solutions in xylene or petroleum distillates,
emulsifiable concentrates, water-wettable
powders, granules, aerosols, smoke
candles, and charges for vaporisers and
lotions
Welcome to DDT
First synthesized in 1874, DDT's insecticidal
properties were not discovered until 1939,
and it was used with great success in the
second half of World War II to
control malaria and typhus among civilians
and troops
Welcome to DDT
DDT and other pesticides may
cause cancer and that their agricultural
use was a threat to wildlife, particularly
birds
What’s with DDT?
It is highly hydrophobic,
nearly insoluble in water but has a
good solubility in
most organic solvents, fats,
and oils
What’s with DDT?
DDT does not occur naturally, but
is produced by the reaction
of chloral (CCl3CHO)
withchlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) in the
presence of sulfuric acid, which
acts as a catalyst
What’s with DDT?
From 1950 to 1980, DDT was
extensively used in agriculture—more
than 40,000 tonnes were used each
year worldwide—and it has been
estimated that a total of 1.8 million
tonnes have been produced
globally since the 1940s.
What’s with DDT?
In 2009, 3314 tonnes were produced
for the control of malaria and visceral
leishmaniasis. India is the only
country still manufacturing DDT, with
China having ceased production in
2007. India is the largest consumer
DDT and Biochemistry
In insects it opens sodium ion
channels in neurons, causing them to
fire spontaneously, which leads to
spasms and eventual death.
DDT and Biochemistry
DDT resistance is also conferred by upregulation of genes
expressing cytochrome P450 in some
insect species.
DDT and Biochemistry
In humans, however, it may affect
health
through genotoxicity or endocrine
disruption
DDT effectiveness
In 1955, the World Health
Organization commenced a
program to eradicate malaria
worldwide, relying largely on
DDT.
DDT effectiveness
Taiwan, Caribbean, the Balkans,
parts of northern Africa, the
northern region of Australia, and a
large swath of the South Pacific
DDT effectiveness
DDT was less effective in tropical
regions due to the continuous life
cycle of mosquitoes and poor
infrastructure.
DDT and human
Induce enzymes to produce other
genotoxic intermediates and DNA
adducts. It is an endocrine
disruptor
DDT TOXICITY
• DDT and DDE have been linked
to diabetes. A number of studies from the
US, Canada, and Sweden have found that
the prevalence of the disease in a
population increases with serum DDT or
DDE levels
DDT TOXICITY
• The US Environmental Protection
Agency states that DDT exposure
damages the reproductive system and
reduces reproductive success. These
effects may cause developmental and
reproductive toxicity
DDT TOXICITY
Human data also indicate possible
disruption in semen quality, menstruation,
gestational length, and duration of
lactation
DDT TOXICITY
Risk factor for premature birth and
low birth weight, and may harm a
mother's ability to breast feed.
DDT TOXICITY
There is some evidence that the
daughters of highly exposed
women may have more difficulty
getting pregnant
DDT TOXICITY
DDT is associated with early
pregnancy loss, a type
of miscarriage.
DDT TOXICITY
A Japanese study of congenital
hypothyroidism concluded that in
utero DDT exposure may
affect thyroid hormone levels.
DDT TOXICITY
Liver, breast and pancreas
cancer, prostate, rectum, lung,
bladder, stomach and
endometrium cancer.
DDT TOXICITY
There is mixed evidence that it
contributes to leukemia,
lymphoma and testicular cancer.
DDT TOXICITY
Malaria remains a major
public health challenge in
many countries. 2008
WHO estimates were 243
million cases, and
863,000 deaths
DDT TOXICITY
. Its use in this context has been
called everything from a "miracle
weapon [that is] like Kryptonite to
the mosquitoes,” to "toxic
colonialism.”
.
DDT TOXICITY
"it can be estimated that at current rates
each kilo of insecticide added to the
environment will generate 105 new cases
of malaria."
DDT TOXICITY
"it can be estimated that at current rates
each kilo of insecticide added to the
environment will generate 105 new cases
of malaria."
DDT TOXICITY
"it can be estimated that at current rates
each kilo of insecticide added to the
environment will generate 105 new cases
of malaria."
DDT Poisoning Causes
1. Accidental or Motivated
Ingestion and Inhalation.
2. Food Consumption
3. Occupational
DDT Poisoning Symptoms
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Skin irritation
Eye irritation
Mouth paresthesia
Facial paresthesia
Paresthesia in the extremities
Anxiety
Dizziness
DDT Poisoning Symptoms
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Confusion
Tremor
Malaise
Headache
Weakness
Fatigue
• Hand weakness
• Nausea
DDT Poisoning Symptoms
• Vomiting
• Tremors
• Liver damage
• Hypersensitivity
• Convulsions
DDT Poisoning Treatment
1. Decontamination
2. Symptomatic and supportive
measures
DDT in the environment
the National Institutes of
Health said in 2007, "The ban
on DDT may have killed 20
million children.”
You can decide
whether you agree or
not in using DDT but
you have to decide
more if you will be
careful to anything
that harms you.
Yum, yum,
yum!
Salamat sa
pakikinig. Oh
friend alam
mo na, magingat!