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Project GLAD Richland School District Solar System Levels 3-5 WA IDEA PAGES I. Unit Theme: Solar System Enduring Understanding: Systems, Subsystems, and Space Exploration Our lives are affected by the sun and the moon The earth is part of a large system called the Solar System The moon appears to change every night Science today is affected by Space Exploration People around the world are affected by Space Exploration Early Astronomy was impacted by Greek myths and legends Historic Space Exploration events II. Focus and Motivation Cognitive Content Dictionary Big Book Inquiry Charts Observation Charts Scientist Awards Songs, Chants, Poetry Personal Interaction III. Closure Teachers and student made quizzes: The Solar System and Space Exploration Assessment of Learning Log Expository essay about the Solar System and it’s subsystems (planets) Create and use a research question to conduct research on a Solar System event or planet Space Exploration timeline mural Process all charts Evaluation letter to go home IV. Concepts The Solar System is a system with subsystems Phases of the Moon Earth, it’s Gravity and Motion Patterns of Constellations always have the same shape Characteristics of the Earth, Moon, and Sun Sun is the central and largest body in our Solar System Historic Space Exploration events grouped on a timeline IDEA PAGES 2 Standards Washington State Essential Academic Learning Requirements (EALRS) Science 2-3 ES1A The shape of the moon goes through one entire set of phases during the course of its 28-day cycle 2-3 ES1B Patterns of stars (constellations) always have the same shape 4-5SYSA Systems contain subsystems and are themselves parts of larger systems 4-5 SYSB A System can do things that none of it’s subsystems can do by themselves 4-5 ES1A The earth is a huge ball in space. People are held on it’s surface by gravity. 4-5 ES1B Earth spins on it’s axis once a day and orbits the Sun once a year. 4-5 ES1C The sun is a star. It is the central and largest body in the solar system. The sun is the major source of energy for earth. 4-5 ES1E A view through a telescope or binoculars reveals many details of the moon, including mountains, craters, and lava flows. Social Studies EALR 4: HISTORY – The student understands and applies knowledge of historical thinking, chronology, eras, turning points, major ideas, individuals, and themes in local, Washington State, tribal, United States, and world history in order to evaluate how history shapes the present and future. To meet the standard the student will: o Component 4.1 Understands historical chronology. Understands and creates timelines to show how historical events are organized into time periods and eras. EALR 5: SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS-The students understands and applies reasoning skills to conduct research, deliberate, form, and evaluate positions through the processes of reading, writing, and communicating. To meet the standard the student will: o Component 5.2 Use inquiry-based research. Understands the main ideas from an artifact, primary source, or secondary source describing an issue or event. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 2 IDEA PAGES 3 Reading EALR 1: The student understands and uses different skills and strategies to read. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 1.2: Use vocabulary (word meaning) strategies to comprehend text. Component 1.3: Build vocabulary through wide reading. Component 1.4 Apply word recognition skills and strategies to read fluently. EALR 2: The student understands the meaning of what is read. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 2.1: Demonstrate evidence of reading comprehension. Component 2.2: Understand and apply knowledge of text components to comprehend text. Component 2.3: Expand comprehension by analyzing, interpreting, and synthesizing information and ideas in literary and informational text. Component 2.4: Think critically and analyze author’s use of language, style, purpose, and perspective in literary and informational text. EALR 3: The student reads different materials for a variety of purposes. Component 3.1: Read to learn new information Component 3.4: Read for literacy/narrative experience in a variety of genres. Writing EALR 1: The student understands and uses a writing process. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 1.1: Prewrite to generate ideas and plan writing. Component 1.2: Produce drafts. Component 1.3: Revise to improve text. Component 1.4: Edit text. Component 1.5: Publish text to share with audience. Component 1.6: Adjust writing process as necessary. EALR 2: The student writes in a variety of forms for different audiences and purposes. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 2.1: Adapt writing for a variety of audiences. Component 2.2: Write for different purposes. Component 2.3: Write in a variety of forms/genres. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 3 IDEA PAGES 4 EALR 3: The student writes clearly and effectively. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 3.1: Develop ideas and organize writing. Component 3.2: Use appropriate style. Component 3.3: Know and apply appropriate grade level writing conventions. EALR 4: The student analyzes and evaluates the effectiveness of written work. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 4.1: Analyze and evaluate others’ and own writing. Component 4.2: Set goals for improvement. Communication EALR 1: The student uses listening and observation skills and strategies to gain understanding. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 1.1: Use listening and observation skills and strategies to focus attention and interpret information. Component 1.2: Understand, analyze, synthesize, or evaluate information from a variety of sources. EALR 2: The student uses communication skills and strategies to interact/work effectively with others. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 2.1: Use language to interact effectively and responsibly in a multicultural context. Component 2.2: Use interpersonal skills and strategies in a multicultural context to work collaboratively, solve problems, and perform tasks. Component 2.3: Use skills and strategies to communicate interculturally. EALR 3: The student uses communication skills and strategies to effectively present ideas and one’s self in a variety of situations. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 3.1: Use knowledge of topic/theme, audience, and purpose to plan presentations. Component 3.2: Use media and other resources to support presentations. Component 3.3: Use effective delivery. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 4 IDEA PAGES 5 EALR 4: The student analyzes and evaluates the effectiveness of communication. To meet the standard, the student will: Component 4.1: Assess effectiveness of one’s own and others’ communication. Component 4.2: Set goals for improvement. LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY LEVELS GRADES 3-5 3-5 Beginning Listening/Speaking Very limited understanding of English Learns to distinguish and produce English phonemes Uses words, gestures, and actions Practices repetitive social greetings Imitates verbalizations of others to communicate: Basic needs Participate in discussions and activities Respond to simple directions Advanced Beginning Uses words and/or phrases Uses appropriate social greetings Participates in social discussions on familiar topics and in academic discussions Develops correct word order in phrases Begins to use contentrelated vocabulary Retells simple stories and Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) Reading Expresses self using words, drawings, gestures, and actions: Sequences simple text Answers literal questions Makes simple predictions Aware of familiar sounds Recognizes and produces rhyming words containing familiar sounds Uses and comprehends highly contextualized vocabulary Follows simple written directions (e.g., color, cut, glue) Reads sight words Begins to understand concepts of print Expresses self using words and/or phrases to identify: Characters Setting Main idea and details Compare and contrast Cause and effect Aware of familiar and unfamiliar sounds Employs word-meaning strategies Applies inflectional endings to words Writing Draws, labels Writes familiar words and sight words Writes to name, describe, or complete a list Begins to use invented spelling, capital letters, participates in group editing Audience may be self, teacher, or known person Sequences pictures to assist with organization Uses graphic organizers to convey main ideas and details Participates in group writing process Writes unfamiliar words and phrases Begins to write based on a model or frame Demonstrates inconsistent use of: Capitals Punctuation Correct spelling Participates in group brainstorming Writes rough draft and revises 5 3-5 Listening/Speaking identifies the main points Intermediate Uses simple sentences with inconsistent use of syntax, tense, plurals, and subject/verb agreement Tells a story, informs, explains, entertains, and participates in social and academic discussions Begins to use root words, affixes, and cognates to determine the meaning of new words Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) Reading Increases sight-word and content-area vocabulary Distinguishes between genres Reads highly contextualized text composed of simple sentences Applies concepts of print Expresses self using simple sentences Produces unfamiliar sounds Decodes word patterns Employs word-meaning strategies Begins to read familiar text fluently Increases vocabulary through reading across content areas Uses text features to: Gain meaning Monitor for comprehension Describe images from text Connects text to prior knowledge Distinguishes between: o Fiction/non-fiction o Fact/opinion o Fantasy/reality Infers and makes generalizations from text Reads text at student’s reading level across content areas Writing Writes simple sentences Demonstrates increasing control of: Capitals Punctuation Correct spelling Word order Subject/verb agreement Develops own voice in writing Distinguishes between writing for different audiences and purposes Uses basic transitions Writes individually and in a group process Writes rough draft independently 6 3-5 Advanced Listening/Speaking Uses descriptive sentences with common grammatical forms with some errors Participates in academic and social discussions using appropriate ways of speaking based on audience and subject matter Tells a story, informs, explains, entertains, and persuades Uses simple figurative language and idiomatic expressions in discussions Uses root words, affixes, and cognates to determine the meaning of new words Transitional Has met criteria for exiting Transitional Bilingual Instructional Program (TBIP) Speaks clearly and comprehensibly using standard English grammatical forms with random errors Applies content-related vocabulary in a variety of contexts and situations Gives oral presentations Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) Reading Expresses self using descriptive sentences Identifies theme Recognizes literary devices Compares and contrasts Uses a variety of strategies to monitor comprehension Recognizes phonemes within multi-syllabic words Uses word parts to determine word meanings Reads with increasing fluency Independently confirms word meanings Uses a variety of resources for research Follows multi-step written directions Text increases in length and complexity Adjusts reading rate as needed Uses specialized vocabulary, uses multiple meaning words appropriately Analyzes literary elements Uses comprehension and questioning strategies, summarizes text, analyzes and applies persuasive devices Explains cause and effect, citing evidence from text Develops research skills Follows increasingly complex written directions Comprehends grade level text Writing Uses descriptive sentences Writes for a variety of audiences and purposes Uses grade level conventions inconsistently Refines voice in writing Uses a topic sentence and supporting details Follows the five step writing process (with assistance in editing and revising) Uses specialized vocabulary across content areas Uses standard grammar and conventions with lapses characteristic of ELL students 7 IDEA PAGES 7 V. Vocabulary Analyze asteroid astronaut Astronomer Astronomy atmosphere aurora axis billion blue bright Chromospheres cold collect comet conclude constellation convective zone corona crater crescent phase dust dwarf Earth ecliptic Equator gibbous phase First Quarter Full Moon galaxy gas gravity green hard ice Jupiter Last Quarter Mars Mercury metal meteor meteorite meteoroid miles million nebula Neptune New Moon observe occulation orbit Oxygen phase photosphere Planet Pluto predict pulsar quasar red revolution revolve rocky Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) rotation satellite Saturn shine solar flare solar prominence Solar System Space Shuttle star Sun super cluster supergiant supernova Telescope thousand tilts transit Trojan asteroids Uranus Venus Waning Crescent Waning Gibbous Waxing Crescent Waxing Gibbous white dwarf zodiac 8 IDEA PAGES 9 VI. ORAL LANGUAGE/READING/WRITING SKILLS Vocabulary development Writing for different audiences Use style appropriate to the audience and purpose Writing process Express personal thoughts in a group Use communication strategies and skills to work effectively with others Uses listening and observation skills to gain understanding Words in context Recall specific details Cause/effect relationships Predicting outcomes Read and write charts, poems, books and students writing Journaling Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of written work Written and oral activities Revising, editing, and publishing text VII. SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS Compare and contrast Analyze Categorize and classify VIII. Math Chronological order of events Compare distance in miles RESOURCES AND MATERIALS Fiction Ham the Astrochimp by Richard Hilliard (Narrative input) My Place in Space by Robin and Sally Hirst Sun and Moon by Marcus Pfister Commander Toad in Space by Jane Yolen The Magic School Bus: Out of This World by Joanna Cole Grandfather Twilight by Barbara Berger Blast Off! by Lee Bennett Hopkins Astronaut Living in Space by Kate Hayden The Magic School Bus: Lost in the Solar System by Joanna Cole There’s No Place Like Space by Tish Rabe Postcards from Pluto by Loreen Leedy Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 9 IDEA PAGES 10 Non-Fiction The Earth and Sky by Gallimard Jeunesse and Jean-Pierre Verdet Watching the Moon by Edana Eckart The Sun is Always Shining Somewhere by Allan Fowler So That’s How the Moon Changes Shape! by Allan Fowler When You Look Up at the Moon by Allan Fowler Watching the Stars by Edana Eckart Earth and Space by Laura Howell, Kirsteen Rogers, and Corinne Henderson My First Book of Space by Rosanna Hansen and Robert Bell The Grand Tour: A Traveler’s Guide to the Solar System by Ron Miller and William K Hartman The Planet Book by Clint Twist Can you Hear a Shout in Space? by Melvin and Gilda Berger Star Gazers by Gail Gibbons The Planets by Gail Gibbons The Moon Book by Gail Gibbons Do Stars Have Points? by Melvin and Gilda Berger Destination: Space by Seymour Simon The Night Sky by June English Moon Walk by Judy Donnelly Solar System by Gregory Vogt My Picture Book of the Planets by Nancy E Krulick Take a Giant Leap, Neil Armstrong! by Peter and Connie Roop Looking at the Planets by Melvin Berger Big Book of Space by Mark Chambers Space Dictionary by Isaac Asimov Stars and Planets by David H Levy Usborne Understanding Science Astronomy by Stuart Atkinson Mapping the Skys by Walter Oleksy Internet Resources NASA: http://www.nasa.gov/home/index.html World Almanac for Kids: http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com Kids Astronomy: http://www.kidsastronomy.com/solar_system.htm Kennedy Space Center: http://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/visit-us.aspx Solar System Fun: http://nasascience.nasa.gov/kids/kids-solar-system Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 10 Project GLAD Richland School District Solar System Levels 3-5 PLANNING PAGES I. FOCUS/MOTIVATION Three Standards Big books Cognitive Content Dictionary with signal word Observation Charts Chants/Poetry Realia Scientist Awards Personal interaction Inquiry Charts Movies/Videos Read Aloud, variety of sources II. INPUT Narrative Input – My Place in Space by Robin and Sally Hirst Solar System Pictorial Pictorial Input: Phases of the Moon Timeline – Space Exploration Read Alouds 1. Sun and Moon by Marcus Pfister 2. Commander Toad in Space by Jane Yolen 10/2 lecture & Personal Interaction Picture File of Solar System III. GUIDED ORAL PRACTICE T-Graph for social skills Cooperative learning for cross-cultural respect, decision making, and language acquisition Picture file cards – observe, classify, categorize, label, highlight Poetry/chanting Sentence Patterning Chart (a.k.a. Farmer-in-the-Dell) Mind Map Process Grid Personal interaction for bonding/respect Variety of discussion/ exploration groups, primary language and heterogeneous On-going oral processing of charts Exploration Report Numbered heads together Daily Review and Processing of Charts Choral Reading Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 11 PLANNING PAGES 2 IV. Reading/Writing A. Total Class Modeling Total class modeling of reading and writing Use of primary language & English resources Used as reading/writing practice-all genre Expository Group Frame Cooperative Strip Paragraph with responding, revising and editing Poetry Group Frames Story Map: Sun and Moon by Marcus Pfister Found Poetry DRTA – Directed Reading Thinking Activity B. Small Groups-Team Tasks-Variety of Groupings: Flexible, Heterogeneous, Need and Choice Focused reading Shared, guided/leveled, and flexible group reading Interactive reading Team tasks- anything modeled by teacher o Team Key o Team Cognitive Content Dictionary o Research Log o Pictorial Input- Phases of the Moon o Graphic Organizer: Moon Input o Exploration Report o Story Retell- My Place in Space by Robin and Sally Hirst o Story Map o Timeline- Space Exploration o Sentence Patterning Chart o Process Grid o Poetry Frame- flip chant o Found Poetry o Cooperative Strip Paragraph Expert groups, study skills Flexible Groups- heterogeneous, skill, primary language, homogeneous o ELD Group Frame o Clunker and Links w/ SQ3R- Apollo 13 o Emergent Readers- Cooperative Strip Paragraph Oral book sharing o In primary language and heterogeneous groups Flip chants Ear-to-ear reading Mind-mapping Big Books Reader’s Theater Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 12 PLANNING PAGES 3 C. Individual Practice and Choice Reading/Writing using Student’s Own Language Silent Sustained Reading Silent Sustained Writing Individual tasks o Learning Logs o Interactive Journals o Personal Explorations o Guided Imagery- Listen and Sketch o Focused Reading with personal CCD o Research o Picture File Cards o Poetry Book o Add to Charts o Color Inputs Reading/Writing to all genre, domains Journals, Logs, Mind-mapping International Library o fiction and non-fiction o variety of languages Read aloud by teacher and students of a variety of literature, including students’ work Listen & Sketch D. Writer’s Workshop Choice Mini-lesson Writing/Planning Conferencing Author’s Chair o Promotes metacognition Publishing V. Extended Activities for Integration Sketch and write Role-playing/drama Guided Imagery Cooking Science Explorations Music/movement Poetry Art Right Brain Activities Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 13 PLANNING PAGES 4 VI. Closure/Evaluation Personal exploration/rubric Types of assessment matched to outcomes/standards Team exploration Process Charts and“learnings” On-going assessment Alternative assessment strategies o Videos o Plays, presentations, demonstrations o Build projects o Big Books o Portfolios Teaching of study skills and test-taking skills Poetry and Chants – Solar System Poetry Book Graffiti Wall Teacher & Student-made Tests Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 14 SAMPLE DAILY LESSON PLANS DAY 1: Focus/Motivation: 3 Personal Standards - Scientist Awards Cognitive Content Dictionary – with signal word Observation Charts – Ask a question, make a comment, make a prediction Inquiry Chart Big Book o 10/2 Discussion Portfolios Guided Oral Practice Poetry and Chants Input Big Picture Input- Timeline of Space Exploration o 10/2 lecture with primary language groups o ELD Review o Learning log Pictorial Input: Solar System Map o 10/2 discussion o ELD Review o Learning log Guided Oral Practice Poetry and Chants T-Graph for Social Skills– Team Points Picture File Card Exploration File Activity – free exploration; open sort classify/categorize. Exploration Report Personal Interaction: What can you see when see when you go outside at night and look at the sky? Reading and Writing Writer’s Workshop - Mini Lesson – Story Structure: Sketch to Plan, Hook, and Genres - Write/plan - Author’s Chair Closure Interactive Journal Home/School Connection Process Charts Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 15 SAMPLE DAILY LESSON PLANS DAY 2: Focus/Motivation 3 Personal Standards- Awards Cognitive Content Dictionary – with signal word Process Home/School Connections Big Book Review (Graphic Organizers) Map and Timeline with word cards and sketches Process Poetry- highlight, sketch, add picture file cards Input Narrative Input–My Place in Space by Robin and Sally Hirst o Learning Log o 10/2 with primary language groups Pictorial Input- Phases of the Moon o 10/2 with primary language groups o ELD Review o Learning Log Guided Oral Practice Poetry and Chants Reading and Writing Team Tasks o Process T-graph o Team Share Expert Groups: Sun and Earth Read Aloud Flexible Groups Writer’s Workshop -Mini Lesson - Write/plan - Author’s Chair Closure Poetry and Chants Interactive Journals Home/School Connection Process Charts Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 16 SAMPLE DAILY LESSON PLANS DAY 3: Focus/Motivation 3 Personal Standards- Scientist Awards Cognitive Content Dictionary – Student Selected Vocabulary - “Stumper” word Process Home/School Connection Review Narrative Input with word cards and conversation bubbles o ELD – move ELD Review to Day 4 – after story map Review Pictorial Input: Phases of the Moon with word cards & picture file cards Guided Oral Practice Chants/Poetry o Here/There poem Sentence Patterning Chart o Reading game o Trading Game o Flip Chant Mind Map Process Grid Reading and Writing Cooperative Strip paragraph o Topic Sentence: ______________________ o Read, Respond, Revise, Edit Interactive Journal Writing Writer’s Workshop -Mini Lesson - Write/plan - Author’s Chair Closure Process Charts Interactive Journals Home/School Connection Process Charts Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 17 SAMPLE DAILY LESSON PLANS Day 4: Focus/Motivation o 3 Personal Standards- Scientist Awards Cognitive Content Dictionary – with signal word using student-selected vocabulary Process Home/School Connection Story Map- Ham the Astro Chimp by Richard Hilliard Guided Oral Practice Chants/Poetry Team Oral Evaluation o Team share w/ T-Graph and Team Points Reading and Writing Team Tasks o Flexible Grouping – Clunkers and Links with SQ3R: Apollo 13 o ELD Group Frame: Story Retell of Narrative Input – Ham the Astrochimp “Here There…” Poetry Frame/Flip Chant Found Poetry – To the Moon and Beyond! Similes-Celestial Bodies are as… Strip Book Team Writer’s Workshop o mini lesson o plan/write o Author’s chair Closure Process Charts Interactive Journals Home/School Connection Process Charts Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 18 SAMPLE DAILY LESSON PLANS DAY 5: Focus/Motivation 3 Personal Standards- Scientist Awards Cognitive Content Dictionary – student-selected vocabulary Guided Oral Practice Chants Reading and Writing Team Tasks o Flexible Grouping o Emergent Readers – Co-op Strip Paragraph Ear-to-Ear Reading with Poetry Booklet Prediction Reaction Guide DRTA Read Aloud – Sun and Moon by Marcus Pfister o Listen and Sketch Team Presentations Team Written Evaluation Team Writer’s Workshop o mini lesson o write/plan o Author’s chair Focused Reading with Personal Cognitive Content Dictionary Closure Review all charts Process Inquiry Chart Process Observation Charts Evaluate Week Framed Inquiry Letter Home Jeopardy Team Explorations Process Charts Graffiti Wall Personal Exploration Student and teacher-made quizzes and tests Science Experiments Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 19 Student: Parent Signature: Big Book Text: Similes Celestial Bodies By Kristi Beach, Sally Mack, and Hilary Wingert Celestial bodies are as… bright as a lantern. Celestial bodies are as… shiny as a new car. Celestial bodies are as… magnificent as a sculpture. Celestial bodies are as… graceful as a ballerina. Celestial bodies are as… fascinating as a puzzle. Celestial bodies are as… rocky as a cave Celestial bodies are as… brilliant as a diamond. Celestial bodies are as… quick as a race car. Celestial bodies are as… colorful as a rainbow. Celestial bodies are as… diverse as our classroom. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 20 Big Book Text: Phases of the Moon Text from Rookie Reader So That's How the Moon Changes Shape! by Allan Fowler Adapted by Joan Marble Adapted by Mack and Wingert (copyright permission from Mack & Wingert to reprint) Page 1 When you look up at the moon it sometimes looks like a big bright circle. We call it a full moon. But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Page 2 But sometimes you might see this. This is called a crescent moon. But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Page 3 Some nights you can hardly see the moon at all. This is called a new moon. But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Page 4 How does the moon change its shape? It doesn't! But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Page 5 Why doesn't the whole moon shine every night? Because the moon doesn't shine at all! It's the sun that shines on the moon and lights it up. But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. . Page 6 When you look up in the sky, you only see the part of the moon that's lit. The rest is too dark to see. Yet it's there! But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 21 Page 7 The moon is always traveling in a big circle around the earth. Depending on where the sun and the moon are in the sky, we may see some of the moon, all of the moon, or none of the moon lit up by the sun. But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Page 8 So, that's how the moon seems to change its shape! Next time you think you see the moon shining, remember you're really looking at sunshine! But the most important thing to remember about the moon is that it goes through 8 phases during its 28-day cycle. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 22 Big Book Text: Let Me Tell You A Story About Space Explorers Lyrics by Sally Mack Tune to The Beverly Hillbillies Page 1 Let me tell you a story about space exploration From the first Earth orbit to the manned spaced station Many people have explored the Earth, the moon and even more It will be exciting to find out new places they explore Planets that is…. Is there life out there? Page 2 Ham was the first, chimp in space Dogs, insects and mice were all part of the race Many gave their lives for science and as sad as it may be They made the program safer for the rest of history. Manned missions were next… Who would be first? Page3 Gagarin was a cosmonaut from the USSR He was the first man in space but he didn’t go that far. He orbited the Earth in the Vostik 1 mission He flew 108 minutes for the Soviet Union April 12th that is…. 1961 Page 4 The first American in space: May, 1961. The Russians beat us there and the space race had been won. Still Alan Shepard briefly flew in space then splashed down to the sea, Aboard the Freedom 7 he made his mark in history For the United States that is… National Aeronautics and Space Administration Page 5 The next famous mission was NASA’s Friendship 7 John Glenn flew into space to explore the heavens He was first to orbit planet Earth 3 times in his spacecraft Landing in the Atlantic Ocean after 5 hours in his raft February 20th was the date… 1962 Page 6 Our next story is about an astronaut named Neil Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 23 He piloted Apollo 11; it was a really big deal. He was the first man on the moon and here’s his quote if you don’t mind: “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins that is…. July 20, 1969 Page 7 The first American women in space was Sally Ride In the Space Shuttle Challenger she made her first ride She traveled into space in ‘83 and ‘84 She’s a scientist now- not an astronaut anymore. A physicist now… Helping girls in science Page 8 Space stations were developed as a home in space The Russians with the Salyut series again won this race. After several Russian stations; US launched our own Skylab The International Space Station was the next one after that. Several countries working together for years… First human settlement in space Page 9 Space exploration will continue for many years to come Traveling in space- a reality for some Earth’s atmosphere and climate will be studied that’s for sure New spacecrafts finding planets that are habitable and more There’s more to discover out in space… Y’all keep studyin’ ya hear? Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 24 Big Book “Our Home” Adapted from "My Place in Space" (copyright permission from Beach, Mack & Wingert to reprint) We live in Washington State. Washington State is located in the United States of America. The United States of America is part of the continent of North America, which is in the western hemisphere of our Earth. We live on planet Earth, which is part of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. Planet Earth is one of the eight known planets in our solar system. To be a classified as a planet, a celestial body has to orbit sun, be big enough for gravity to squash it into ball shape, and must have cleared things out of way of orbital neighborhood. Our Earth fits this criteria and it orbits the star we call the sun. We live on planet Earth, which is part of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. Our solar system is in the middle of a group of stars we call the solar neighborhood. Our solar neighborhood is just a small part of the Orion Arm, which is a giant curve in space made of millions of stars gathered in solar neighborhoods. We live on planet Earth, which is part of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. The Orion Arm is just one of the arms of a huge group of about 300 billion stars. This whole group is called the Milky Way Galaxy. Our galaxy is called a spiral galaxy because of the way its arms make a spiral shape. We live on planet Earth, which is part of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way isn’t the only galaxy in space. There are twenty galaxies in our local group of galaxies. Ours is the second largest. We live on planet Earth, which is part of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. Our local group of galaxies is just part of a huge group of galaxies called the Virgo Supercluster. It takes light a few million years to cross our local group of galaxies, but it takes a few hundred million years to cross from one side of a supercluster to another. The whole universe is filled with superclusters of galaxies. We live on planet Earth, which is part of the solar system in the Milky Way Galaxy. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 25 Big Book Text The Family of The Sun Adapted By Sally Mack, Kristi Beach, Hilary Wingert Page 1 Did you know Mercury is the closest planet to the sun? It is 36 million miles from the sun. *I88 days to orbit the sun *No satellites *Dry rocky planet covered with craters *Smallest planet in the Solar System *Fastest moving planet:30 miles a second *Has no atmosphere Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 2 Did you know Venus is the 2nd planet from the sun? It is 67.3 million miles from the sun. * 225 days to orbit the sun *A day (243Earth days) is longer than a year (225 Earth days) *No satellites *Hot, dry & smooth surface *Volcanoes, mountains valleys and plains *Brightest planet at night *Called Earth's twin *Thick clouds of sulfuric acid cover the surface Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 3 Did you know Earth is the 3rd planet from the sun? It is 93 million miles away from the sun. *364 1/4 days to orbit around the sun *Rotates on its axis every 24 hours * Tilted axis creates 4 seasons in its year *One satellite: Moon orbits the Earth every 28 days *Only planet that sustains life *Waters covers 71 %of surface *Fresh water frozen at poles *Many layers: Multi-layered atmosphere, the thick rocky crust, the mantle and the inner and outer core Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 4 Did you know Mars is the 4th planet from the sun? It is 141 million miles away from the sun. *687 days to orbit the sun *Rotates on its axis every 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds *Has seasons like Earth Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 26 *2 satellites:Phobos and Deimos *No liquid water *Both poles are frozen *Very cold -80 degrees. *Deep canyons, craters, valleys and very high mountains. * Called the 'red planet" from clouds of red dirt. Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 5 Did you know Jupiter is the 5th planet from the sun? It is about 484 million miles from the sun. *4,333 days to orbit the sun * 16 satellites *Great Red Spot-hurricane of gas *Largest and heaviest planet *Fastest rotation:9 hours 56 minute day *Atmosphere of clouds of hydrogen and helium Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 6 Did you know Saturn is the 6th planet from the sun? It is about 840 to 941 million miles from the sun at different points of its elliptical orbit. *10,759 Earth days to orbit the sun * Gas planet- no solid surface *Rocky core *60 satellites *Second largest planet *Rotates 2000 MPH Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 7 Did you know Uranus is the 7th planet from the sun? It is about 779 million miles from the sun. *84 YEARS to orbit the sun * 27 satellites *Blue-green ball of methane gas & ice *Core of rock & ice *3rd largest planet *Winter 21 years long in darkness *Summer 21 years long in sunlight Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 8 Did you know Neptune is the 8th planet from the sun? It is about 780 million miles from the sun. *165 YEARS to orbit the sun * 13 satellites *Dwarf planets, comets & asteroids beyond Neptune *4th largest planet Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 27 *Windiest planet *Blue from methane gas Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Page 9 Did you know Pluto is now a dwarf planet? It is no longer one of the planets in the family of the sun. *August 2006 downgraded to a dwarf planet by International Astronomical Union *Does not meet requirements for a planet: Planet=1. Orbits sun 2. Big enough for gravity to squash it into ball shape 3. Must have cleared things out of way of orbital neighborhood *Pluto does not have a clear orbital neighborhood *Eris and Pluto are known dwarf planets *Part of the Kuiper belt * New Horizons voyage will fly by Pluto in 2015 Just thought you'd like to know more about the 8 planets in the family of the sun. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 28 Space Exploration 1958 NASA formed 1957 Sputnik 1 Soviet Artificial Satellite 1962 John Glenn 1st American orbits Earth 1969 Apollo 11 Mission-1st men on moon 1961 1st humans in space cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, and astronaut Alan Shephard Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 1973 U.S.launches Skylab into orbit 1976 Viking I lands on Mars 1983 Sally Ride 1st American women in space 1981 Space Shuttle Columbia’s first flight 1990 Hubble telescope launched into Earth’s orbit 1989 Magellan orbits Venus Galileo orbits Jupiter 29 1998-2000 International Space Station assembly in space and gets a crew 1996 Mars Pathfinder launched to explore Martian surface 2009- present day Kepler Mission to galaxy looking for Earth like planets. LRO launched to study Moon Input (Background Knowledge) Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 30 Input Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 31 31 Input Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 32 32 Blast Off to Space! Poetry Book Astronomer: _____________________ Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 33 33 Celestial Bodies By Hilary Wingert Celestial bodies here, celestial bodies there Celestial bodies, celestial bodies everywhere Brilliant celestial bodies rotating quickly Rocky celestial bodies orbiting scientifically Gaseous celestial bodies spinning beautifully And ringed celestial bodies burning magnificently Celestial bodies in the Milky Way Celestial bodies by the Kuiper Belt Celestial bodies through the asteroid belt And celestial bodies near the sun Celestial bodies here, celestial bodies there Celestial bodies, celestial bodies everywhere Celestial bodies! Celestial bodies! Celestial bodies! Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 34 34 Solar System Bugaloo Adapted from Jabbar Beig by Sally Mack I’m an astronomer and I’m here to say, I study the solar system everyday. Observing the sky and studying books, I also use a telescope to take better look. Stars, planets, moons too Doing the solar system BUGALOO! The star nearest our Earth is the sun, It provides energy for everyone. Energy comes as heat and light, A ball of gases that burns just right. Stars, planets, moons too Doing the solar system BUGALOO! Four inner planets orbit near the sun They are the rocky and solid ones The four gaseous outer planets; farthest away Blue and green; giants they say. Stars, planets, moons too Doing the solar system BUGALOO! Our moon reflects light from the sun, Can’t see the far side, just the sunlit one. It appears to change in the night sky, The Earth’s big shadow is the reason why. Stars, planets, moons too Doing the solar system BUGALOO! Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 35 35 Constellation Cadence By Kristi Beach, Sally Mack, Hilary Wingert I don’t know but I’ve been told, Constellations are bright and bold, They’re a pattern of stars in the sky, Look up at night and you might spy, Sound off….patterns Sound off… bright stars Sound off… 1234… Constellations Ursa Major and Minor too, Known as The Dippers to me and you, Orion and Hercules to name a few, Pegasus, Aquarius, Taurus too, Sound off….group of stars Sound off… constant shape Sound off… 1234… Constellations Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 36 36 Celestial Bodies Yes Ma’am By Kristi Beach, Sally Mack, and Hilary Wingert Is this the sun? Is this the sun? How do you know? How do you know? Give me some details. Give me some details. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Center of our solar system Sphere of burning gas Source of light and heat Millions of miles away Is this the Earth? Is this the Earth? How do you know? How do you know? Give me some details. Give me some details. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Largest inner planet Over 70% water Has gravity Sustains life Is this an inner planet? Is this an inner planet? How do you know? How do you know? Give me some details. Give me some details. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Warmer than outer planets Has a hard surface. 4 planets Closest to the sun Is this an outer planet? Is this an outer planet? How do you know? How do you know? Give me some details. Give me some details. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Composed of gas Farthest from the sun 4 gas giants Dwarf planet Pluto Is this a comet? Is this a comet? How do you know? How do you know? Give me some details. Give me some details. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Ice, dust, and dirt Orbit the sun Melt over time Extremely long tails Is this an asteroid? Is this an asteroid How do you know? How do you know? Give me some details. Give me some details. Yes Ma’am! Yes Ma’am! Rock and metal chunks Orbit planets as moons Largest is Ceres Brightest is Vesta Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 37 37 Busy Astronomer By Hilary Wingert I know an astronomer, An observant astronomer, An observant astronomer Who studies the night sky. He counts the stars. She studies new comets and asteroids. He records the moon’s phases. She looks for new celestial bodies. I know an astronomer, An observant astronomer, An observant astronomer Who makes many new discoveries. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 38 38 The Phases of the Moon (To the tune of "Who Let the Dogs Out?") By Hilary Wingert and Sally Mack Let's rap the phases of the moon. The phases of the moon are out... new, new, new moon. The second phase is out now... waxing, crescent moon. Let's rap the third phase...first quarter moon. Now comes the fourth phase... waxing gibbous moon. The fifth phase is out... full big moon. The sixth phase is out now... waning gibbous moon. Let’s rap the seventh phase... half, half moon. The final phase is out now....waning crescent moon. The phases of the moon repeat...twenty eight day cycle. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 39 39 Let Me Tell You A Story About Space Explorers Lyrics by Sally Mack Tune to The Beverly Hillbillies Let me tell you a story about space exploration, From the first Earth orbit to the manned space station Many people have explored the Earth, the moon and even more It will be exciting to find out places they explore. Planets that is…. Is there life out there? Ham was the first chimp in space, Dogs, insects and mice were all part of the race Many gave their lives for science and as sad as it may be They made the program safer for the rest of history. Manned missions were next… Who would be first? The first American in space: May, 1961. The Russians beat us there and the space race had been won. Alan Shepard briefly flew in space then splashed down to the sea, Aboard the Freedom 7 he made his mark in history For the United States that is… NASA? Space exploration continues for many years to come Traveling in space-a reality for some Earth’s atmosphere and climate will be studied that’s for sure New spacecrafts finding planets that are habitable and more There’s more to discover out in space... Y’all keep studyin’ ya hear? Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 40 40 Name___________________ Date______________ Solar System Home School Connection #1 When it gets dark out tonight, go outside with an adult and observe the night sky. Sketch and write what you see. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 41 41 Student: Parent Signature: Name___________________ Date______________ Solar System Home School Connection #2 For the next month, when it gets dark, go outside with your family or an adult and look at the moon. Sketch and write what you see. Sunday Monday Tuesday Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 42 42 Student: Parent Signature: Name___________________ Date______________ Solar System Home School Connection #3 The Sun is 400 times further way from the Earth than the Moon is from the Earth. The average distance to the Moon is 240,000 miles. The Sun is 100,000,000 miles away. Go outside during the day and look at the Moon and Sun. Sketch and write what you see. With your family, discuss and write about what you saw. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 43 43 Student: Name___________________ Parent Signature: Date______________ Solar System Home School Connection #4 Venus stays hot because the atmosphere traps heat from the Sun. We get cold because we let heat escape. Go into a room in your house. Sketch an outline of the room below (include doors and windows). Then, discuss where it is hot and where it is cold. Why do you think that is? With your family, discuss the hot and cold spots in the room. Why do you think the cold spots are that way? Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 44 44 Student: Name___________________ Parent Signature: Date______________ Solar System Home School Connection #5 Retell the story “Ham the Astrochimp” to your parents or another adult. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 45 45 Earth Expert Group Characteristics, Size, and Appearance: The planet Earth is a member of the inner planets. It is the largest of the inner planets. From outer space, the Earth looks like a blue, green, and white marble. This is because it is covered with oceans, land, and clouds. When the earth was formed 4,600 million years ago, it began as huge clouds of swirling gas and dust. The heat and light that sustains life on the planet Earth comes from the Sun. Gravity is a force that keeps humans on the Earth rather than floating though space. Composition: Earth is the only planet with liquid. Over seventy percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, which is why the atmosphere looks like a very thin blue layer. The atmosphere is composed of a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Because of the atmosphere, plants and animals, including humans, breathe. Planet Earth is made up of four layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The Earth’s crust is made of silicates, which are giant slabs of rock. Below the Earth’s crust a layer of hot rock called the mantle. In some places the temperatures are so extremely hot it becomes melted or molten rock called magma. Magma is what bursts out of a volcano when it erupts. However, when magma reaches the surface it is called lava. The third layer is called the outer core. This layer is made of mainly liquid iron. The inner core is the hottest part of our planet which is made of mainly solid iron. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 46 46 Location: planet Earth is the third inner planet in our solar system. It is located between Mars and Venus. Earth is 94.5 million miles from the sun. Movement: The Earth rotates in twenty four hours, which creates our day. It orbits the Sun in 365 days, which we call a year. This planet rotates, or tilts, on its axis. Its day and night is caused by the tilted rotational pattern. As it rotates, Earth’s atmosphere reflects and absorbs the right amount of heat for life to be sustained on the planet. Extra: Seasons change on Earth because of the orbit around the sun. As distance from the sun changes, seasons change. The Earth has only one moon, which goes though 8 phases in about 28 days. Interestingly, the Earth is the only known planet with life. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 47 47 Sun Expert Group Characteristics, Size, and Appearance: The sun is 900,000 miles in diameter (across) and is 5 billion years old. It is a star or a burning ball of gas. There are seven colors that make up the sun’s brilliant appearance: They include red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This star is the only source of light and heat in our solar system. The sun is also the brightest object in the sky. At the core, it is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The core or middle of the sun is the hottest part. The surface of the sun is more than 50 times hotter than boiling water! The surface of the sun has dark areas that are called sunspots. They are cooler than the hot, yellow areas. Composition: The sun is composed of hot gases containing the same elements as our planet Earth. The gases include helium, hydrogen, calcium, sodium, and magnesium. The sun is gaseous, and not solid like Earth. The sun throws huge flames of hot gas into space. These flames are enormous explosions that are even bigger than earth. As the gases of the Sun burn, they create huge fiery storms. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 48 48 Location: The sun is the center of our solar system. It is 94.5 million miles from Earth and is the closest star to the planet Earth. The light from the sun takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth. It is the engine of our planet because it provides light and heat. Movement: Everything in our solar system, including the earth, planets, comets, and asteroids, orbits around the sun. The sun rotates on its axis. Because the Sun is not solid, but is instead a giant ball of gas and plasma, different parts of the Sun spin at different rates. The Sun’s rotation period around its axis at its Equator is 25 Earth days, and at its poles is 35 Earth days. The Sun orbits the galaxy taking nearly 220 million years to complete one full orbit (galactic year). This is due to the huge size of our galaxy, and the position of the Sun on it. Extra: The sun is the largest star in our solar system. It has several layers of gases. It is also the only source of light and heat in our solar system. The sun is much bigger than Earth-about 1.5 million Earths could fit inside it! Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 49 49 Outer Planets Expert Group Characteristics, Size, and Appearance: There are four outer planets, which include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. All of the outer planets are made of liquid and gasses, so there are no hard surfaces. In addition, the outer planets are much colder than the inner planets because they are further from the sun. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is so large that all the other planets and moons easily fit inside it. Saturn is the second largest planet and it is so light it could float on water. It has many flat rings. Uranus is faint blue color and has rings. Neptune also has blue rings. Composition: The outer planets are made of gas. Jupiter is a gaseous planet with a solid core. Saturn is made of ice and rock. The planet Uranus is a hug blue green ball of burning gas. Neptune is blue in color and is composed from methane gases. Location: In our solar system the outer planets are furthest the sun. Jupiter is the fifth planet in our solar system and is 483.7 million miles from the sun. The planet Saturn is the sixth planet in our solar system and is 840.4 million miles from the sun. The seventh planet in our solar system is Uranus. Its location is 1.7 billion miles from the sun. Neptune is the eighth planet in our solar system and in 2.7 billion miles from the sun. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 50 50 Movement: Each of the outer planets have a unique movement pattern, or rotation. The outer planets orbit the Sun. Orbit means the path of one body around another, such as a planet around the Sun. Jupiter rotates in 10 hours and orbits the sun in 12 earth years. Saturn rotates in 10 hours and takes 29 years to orbit the Sun. Uranus rotates in 10 hours and 45 minutes. It orbits the Sun in 84 years. Neptune rotates in about 19 hours and takes about 165 earth years to orbit the Sun once. Extra: The outer planets are also called gas giants because they are composed entirely of gas and a large. Jupiter is very colorful and has active volcanoes. It has a great red spot which is a giant storm. It also has 16 moons. The planet Saturn has more than 60 moons. Uranus winter will last 21 years and its summer lasts 21 years. The planet Neptune is the windiest planet in the solar system. Each season on Neptune lasts about 40 years. If Neptune were hollow, it could hold about 60 Earths! Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 51 51 Inner Planets Expert Group Characteristics, Size, and Appearance: There are four inner planets in our solar system. The planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The inner planets are the closest planets to the sun. Because of this, the inner planets are warmer than the outer planets. Mercury is a ball of rock it is the smallest planet. Venus goes through phases like our moon. This planet is covered with fast-moving sulphuric acid clouds which trap heat from the Sun. Its diameter is about 95% of the diameter of the Earth. Earth is the largest of the inner planets. Mars has a cold thin atmosphere. They are also made of hard surfaces. Composition: The inner planets are made of hard surfaces, which are rock and metal. Mercury is dry and rocky. It also has craters on it’s surface created by meteorites. Venus is covered with thick clouds of acid. It’s thick atmosphere that traps heat and is made of carbon dioxide. The planet Earth is the only planet with liquid and known life. Mars is composed of rocks and is known as the “red” planet. Its atmosphere is very cold. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 52 52 Location: The inner planets are closest to the sun. The planet Mercury is 36 million miles from the sun, which makes it the closest planet to the sun. Venus is 66.8 million miles from the sun and is the second planet from the sun. Our planet Earth is the third planet from the sun and is 94.5 million miles from the sun. The planet Mars is 154.8 million miles from the sun and is the fourth planet from the sun. Movement: The inner planet’s movements are very different from each other. The planet Mercury is the fastest moving plant and 30 mph a minute. Venus rotates in the opposite direction of the Earth. Looking from the north, Venus rotates clockwise, while the other planets rotate counterclockwise. Earth rotates in 24 hours and orbits the sun in 365 days. The planet Mars spins slowly. Its rotation of 1 day would be 176 Earth days. Extra: The inner planets are also called the terrestrial planets because they are more like the planet Earth. Mercury and Venus have no moons. Venus is the hottest planet at 900 degrees. Venus is known as the "morning star" or the "evening star" since it is visible and quite bright at either dawn or dusk. Earth is the only planet with life and is tilted on an axis. It has one moon that goes through phases. Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system and has two moons. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 53 53 Characteristics (Appearance & Size) Composition Celestial Body EXTRA Location Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) Movement 54 54 Celestial Bodies Characteristics Size & Appearance Composition Location Movement EXTRA Our Moon Sun Earth Inner Planets: Mercury Venus Mars Outer Planets: Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 55 55 Process Grid Celestial Bodies Our Moon Characteristics Size & Appearance Reflects sun’s light Craters Smaller than Earth No air Makes ocean tide Composition Rock Silicates Location Sun Earth 900,000 miles across Star Burning ball of gas Source of heat & light Brightest object in sky 10,000 degrees F on surface 29 million degrees F at core Largest inner planet Mostly water Heat and light from the sun Inner Planets: Mercury Venus Mars Warmer than Outer Planets Hard surfaces Mercury: ball of rock Mercury : smallest planet Venus: goes through phases Venus: Closer to the sun Mars: cold atmosphere Hot gases containing same elements as Earth Helium Hydrogen Calcium Sodium Magnesium dark areassunspots Only planet with liquid Atmosphere a very thin blue layer : mixture of nitrogen and oxygen Earth’s crust made of silicates Mercury: dry and rocky with craters Venus: covered with thick cloud of acid Mars: rocky Mars: known as “red” planet Orbits Earth Angle creates shadows Phases take 28 days 8 phases EXTRA Everything orbits the sun Third planet from sun Inner planet 94.5 million miles from sun Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) Earth’s closest neighbor Near side Far side Around every planet but Mercury and Venus 238,857 miles from Earth Center of solar system 94.5 million miles from Earth Movement Mercury: closest to sun Mercury: 36 million miles from the sun Venus: 66.8 million miles from sun Venus: 2nd planet from sun Mars : 154.8 million miles from sun Mars: 4th planet from sun Rotates in 24 hours and orbits in 365 days Orbits the sun Rotates on its axis atmosphere reflects and absorbs right amount of heat for life Mercury: fastest moving planet at 30 mph Venus: thick atmosphere traps heat Venus: atmosphere made of carbon dioxide Mars: spins slowly one day is 176 Earth days Called Luna Same side of luna faces the Earth Only celestial body man has landed 72 moons in galaxy Largest Star several layers of gases Center called core Only source of heat and light in solar system Seasons change from our orbit One moon Day and night from rotation Only planet with life Also called terrestrial planets: more like Earth. Mercury:no moons and hottest planet 900 degrees Venus-no moons Mars: largest volcano in solar system 56 56 Outer Planets: Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune No hard surfaces Colder Jupiter: largest Jupiter: made of hydrogen, helium, and ice Saturn: 2nd largest planet, Saturn: so light it could float on water Uranus: 3 ½ times the size of Earth Uranus: 11 faint rings Neptune: at least 6 blue faint rings Neptune: smallest of gas giants Pluto: a dwarf planet Made of liquid and gasses Made of Gas (except Dwarf Planet Pluto) Jupiter: gaseous planet with solid core Saturn: many flat rings made of ice and rock Uranus: huge blue-green ball of burning gas Neptune: blue from methane gases Furthest from the sun Jupiter: 483.7 million miles from the sun Jupiter: 5th planet from sun Saturn: 840.4 Million miles from sun Saturn: 6th planet from sun Uranus: 1.7 billion miles from sun Uranus: 7th planet from sun Neptune: 2.7 billion miles from sun Neptune:8th planet from sun Jupiter: rotates in 10 hours Jupiter: orbits the Earth in 12 years Saturn: rotates in 10 hours Saturn: orbits in 29 Earth years Uranus: rotates in 10 hours and 45 minutes Uranus: orbits in 84 Earth years Pluto: rotates in 7 Earth days Pluto: orbits in 248 Earth years Also called gas giants: composed entirely of gases Jupiter: very colorful Jupiter: active volcanoes Jupiter: 16 moons Saturn: more than 60 moons Uranus: winter and summer last 21 years Neptune: windiest planet Pluto: a dwarf planet First row (Moon as an input) Use Sun and Earth as expert groups. Inner and outer planets are teacher resources. Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 57 57 Found Poetry Adapted from Time For Kids, October 5, 2007, Volume 13, No. 6. (reprinted with permission from Beach, Mack, and Wingert) To the Moon…and Beyond! “About the size of a large beach ball and weighing about only 184 pounds, Sputnik was a small satellite. But its impact on the lives of those around the world was astronomical. The former Soviet Union successfully launched the first man-made satellite on October 4, 1957. And, faster than the 98 minutes it took Sputnik to completely orbit the Earth, the space age had begun. Suddenly, mankind had been propelled into an exciting new era of space exploration. The remarkable launch marked the start of an intense space race between the United States and the Soviet Union.” Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 58 58 Individual Closure: Mission: Pluto and Beyond! You are the captain of the first space ship to fly beyond dwarf planet Pluto! Write and sketch to complete your space log. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Describe what you see from your spaceship. Where is your ship going? What is your ship’s mission? Describe a problem you have had on your journey and how you have handled it. You have four other people on your ship. Who are they? Describe their jobs on the ship. 6. How long will your trip last? Solar System Levels 3-5 WA Beach, Mack, Wingert - Project G.L.A.D (4/10) 59 59