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Download Lecture 1 - Department of Geography, HKU
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Copyright Statements Course materials contained in all PPT files are copyrighted and should not be reprinted or distributed without permission. Students who have registered in this course can use the course materials for educational purpose only. Human Geography Introduction I. What is human geography? II. Why human geography? III. How to study human geography? “Geo” : surface of the earth “graphei” : description, mapping, explanation 地 : surface of the earth 理 : reasons, logic, law, regularity, rationality “有地無理，不是地理！” 明德; 格物 Illustrious virtue/understand morals; Identify rules, regularities, and laws from the real world Fundamental questions we ask: Why are things located where they are? What are the causal relationship among places and how do they change through time? Canada U.K. ● BJ USA China MC ● India Opium SH ● ● GZ HK Navy Tea Silks Manchester: Location, Growth and Transformation since 1830 The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 reduced the traveling time between Britain and India. It allowed India to export its raw cotton to Manchester but ruined the Indian domestic textile industry. British colonialists established cotton plantations in Egypt and Uganda, providing another source of supply. Manchester: Landscape of Industrialization in the 1800s Manchester’s first cotton mill was built in the early 1780s, and by 1830 there were 99 cotton-spinning mills, creating an industrial landscape of red-brick terrace housing and “Dark Satanic Mills” with their tall brick chimneys. Railways in Stockport; The Bridgewater Canal bringing coal from Worsley; Working class terrace housing; City Hall in Victorian Gothic architectural style. Geography of Public Debt Crisis Public Debt as % of GDP 2011 Long-term interest rates of government bonds. A yield of 6 % or more indicates that financial markets have serious doubts about credit-worthiness European Debt Crisis Where? Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy, Spain… Why? Global: Shifting production base to China & emerging economiesshifting employment & wealth to the East; China East Asia high savingproperty bubble; US 2008 sub-prime crisisbust of bubblesome able to assume liabilities either with GDP or by printing money, others not Regional: Greece & Italy circumvent 1992 EU treaty on deficit spending level; common liabilityunable to “print money” Local: Mediterranean countries; borrow more, save less; relax more, hardship less; laidback lifestyle? World GDP from selected regions, 1700-2008 Data are in millions 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars (purchasing power parities) World GDP from selected countries, 1700-2008 Data are in millions 1990 International Geary-Khamis dollars (purchasing power parities) Household Consumption Expenditure and GDP in China, 1980-2008 Total Wage Bill of Urban Workers and GDP in China, 19802008 The 27 members of the European Union (EU) USA 2008 Sub-prime Crisis European Debt Crisis China, Japan, & Emerging Markets The European Debt Crisis: --A Geographical Perspective Geomancy (風水): fortune of a household Geography: fortune of a city, region, country, and the world Special area of study Meteorology Geography Geology Geology Botany History Sociology Geography location, distribution, organization, interaction Place Similarities, differences, causal relationships Geography a spatial science describes, explains, predicts spatial distribution & causal association of human activities and physical features on the surface of the earth Physical geography: physical features Human geography: human activities Cultural Landscape: Imprint of human activities II. Why human geography? i) Provides knowledge essential to the formulation of national and international policies & strategy e.g. -Ancient China: “Story of Three Kingdoms” - Modern China: selection of HK as a British colony - Contemporary: SEZs, coastal cities; develop HK as Asia’s World City II. Why human geography? ii) Essential knowledge to global economic decision making eg. - investment in mainland China - Where should investment go? II. Why human geography? World Development Report 2009 “The best predictor of income in the world today is not what or whom you know, but where you work” (p. 1); “Location remains important at all stages of development, but it matters less for living standards in a rich country than in a poor one” (p. 2); “This Report advances the influence of geography on economic opportunity by elevating space and place from mere undercurrents in policy to a major focus” (p. 3). Paul Krugman’s Discovery of New Economic Geography (NEG) NEG explains agglomeration "as the outcome of the interaction of increasing returns, trade costs and factor price differences.” If trade is largely shaped by economies of scale, as Krugman's trade theory argues, then those economic regions with most production will be more profitable and will therefore attract even more production. Instead of spreading out evenly around the world, production will tend to concentrate in a few countries, regions, or cities, which will become densely populated but also have higher levels of income. China Seen in US LandSat 30th December 2011 II. Why human geography? iii) Necessary to urban planning eg. The site selection of Airport Disneyland Cyberport III. How to study human geography? Nature of the course Objectives Major topics Course Assessments • Office Hours Wednesday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm Thursday 2:00 ~ 3:00 pm • Important Deadlines 29th February (Wedn.) 10:30-12:25 -- Tutorial in class 28th March –Essay on due • • • Web: http://geog.hku.hk/undergrad/geog1017 User ID: GEOG1017 Password: LinP1 (Both ID and password are case-sensitive) Teaching Assistants Mr. LIU, Tao, [email protected] Mail Box: 3rd Floor, Hui Oi Chow Science Bldg Office: G-01B, Hui Oi Chow Science Bldg Tel: 2241-5970 Office hours: Tuesday 5:00-6:00pm Wednesday 5:00-6:00pm
