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Download Standard 9: The Genetics of Life Study Guide PART 1: Basic
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Standard 9: The Genetics of Life Study Guide PART 1: Basic Genetics 1. What is the difference between a dominant allele and recessive allele? How do we represent the dominant alleles? Recessive? ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blanks in the chart below regarding pea shape Genotype Phenotype Homozygous or Heterozygous RR Rr Round peas rr 3. Which type of cells carry the traits that get passed on to the offspring – somatic or gametes? ________________________ 4. This principle states that the alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed. These allele pairs are then randomly united at fertilization. __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. This term applies to traits, such as hair or eye color, that’s controlled by more than 1 gene. __________________________ 6. If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height (H), how would its alleles (genotype) be represented?_________________ What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents? ____________________________ A cross between homozygous purple-flowered and homozygous white-flowered pea plants results in offspring with light purple flowers. This demonstrates_________________________________________________________________________ When crossing a homozygous recessive with a heterozygote, what is the chance of getting an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype? ________________________________________________________________________ 7. 8. 9. Use the Punnett square and description below to answer the following: 10. Purple flowers (P) is dominant over white flowers. Cross a homozygous white flower with a heterozygous purple flower a. Predict the genotype for the parent organism whose genotype is unknown – write them on the Punnett square b. Work out the Punnett square and the genotype & phenotype Genotype Phenotype PART 2: Incomplete and Co-Dominance and Human Genetics 11. Which pair of sex chromosomes makes a person a male: XX or XY? 12. What is the difference between incomplete dominance and co dominance? ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 13. Why can’t males be carriers of sex-linked disorders? Why are males more likely than females to exhibit a sex linked disorder like be color blindness?_________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________. 14. What is one example of a genetic disorder that can be seen on a karyotype? ______________________________________ 15. What is the genotype of a female carrier of a sex-linked genetic disorder?_________________________________________ 16. Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait. In the following punnett square cross a man who is colorblind with a female who is a carrier. Genotypic Phenotypic 17. Complete the following punnett square regarding blood types. Use your key that was given to you in your notebook. Cross a man with type O blood with a female with type AB blood. Genotypic Phenotypic PART 3: Genetic Engineering 18. Organisms that have genes transferred from another species are called ________________________________________. 19. Explain the difference between genetic engineering and genetic diversity. What effect could genetic engineering have on genetic diversity? _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. A __________________ is a diagram of family relationships that uses symbols to represent people and lines to represent genetic relationships. Below is one of those diagrams. What does the diagram say? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. So you think you know it??? Try this: Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b) Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What fraction of the progeny of the cross BbTt ´ BBtt will have black fur and long tails? BT Bt Bt bT bt BBTt Bbtt BBTt Bbtt Bt Bt Bt