Download Notes Chapter 5 - What is Energy 5.1 What is Energy? Energy is the

Notes
Chapter 5 - What is Energy 5.1
A. What is Energy?
1.
Energy is the ability to ____________________________________________
2. Work is done when a force moves an ____________________ through a ________________
W = _________________________
B. Work and Energy
1. When an object or living thing ____________________ on another object, some of its ________________ is
_________________________ to that object
2. Therefore: Work can be thought of as the _________________________________.
3. When energy is transferred, the object upon which the work is done ______________________.
4. Energy is measured in ________________________ (same unit as work)
C. Power and Energy
1. Power is the _________________________ at which _____________________ is done
2. If the transfer _____________________________ is work, then power is the ____________________ at
which _____________________ is ______________________ OR the amount of energy transferred in one
unit of time
Power = ___________________
3. ________________________________ is involved whenever energy is being transferred.
4.
Calm breeze vs. Tornado
a. Power of both is the ____________________ of energy ____________________ to lift a leaf
a certain _____________________
b. Tornado has the same energy transfer, but with more _____________ because it transfers
the energy at a ______________________________.
D. Types of Energy
1. ____________________ basic types of energy
a. __________________________
b. __________________________
2. Type of energy depends on if ________________________________________________________.
3.
A ___________________________object can do work when it _______________________ another object
and moves it some ____________________.
E.
4.
The energy an object has due to its ________________ is called ___________________________________.
5.
Greek word kinetos = _______________________
Kinetic Energy (KE)
1.
Kinetic energy depends on
a.
_______________________________
b.
_______________________________
2. KE _________________________ as _________________________ increases
3. KE _________________________ as _________________________ increases
4.
Calculating KE
KE =
5.
Does changing the mass and velocity have the same effect on KE?
a.
______________________________ – changing the ____________________________ has a
___________________ effect on KE than changing the __________________ by the same factor.
b.
WHY? – Because ___________________________________________.
c.
Therefore, doubling the _________________________ will ____________ the KE, but doubling the
__________________________________ will _______________________________ the KE.
F.
Potential Energy (PE)
1.
An object _______________________________ have to be _________________________ to have energy
2. Some objects have ____________________________ energy.
a.
Result of their _______________________ or ____________________________
1) Lift a book off the floor to your desk
2) Compress a spring to wind a toy.
3) Energy has been transferred to those objects in both examples and is stored.
4) May be used later when the book falls to the floor or the spring unwinds.
3.
Stored energy as a result of shape or position of an object is ______________________________________.
4.
This type of energy has the “potential” to _____________________________________.
G. Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)
1.
Defined as potential energy related to an _________________________________________.
2.
GPE equaled to the _________________________done to lift the object
Recall: work = force x distance
3.
The ___________________________ used to lift the object equals the _________________ of the object
4. The _____________________________ the object is moved is the object’s ______________________.
5.
Formula to calculate GPE
GPE = ______________________________________________
6.
Simplified as GPE = ____________________________________________
REMEMBER: weight = mass x force of gravity
7.
Gravity On Earth = ____________________________________
Example:
Calculate
If the ski jump is 40m high, what is the GPE of the
Green skier = 600N
Red Skier = 500N
500 Newtons x 40m = ______________________________
600 Newtons x 40m = _____________________________
H. Elastic Potential Energy (EPE)
1. An object gains a _________________________________ of potential energy when it is ________________.
2. Elastic potential energy – the potential energy associated with objects that can be
___________________________ or ______________________________.
3.
Formula to calculate Elastic potential energy
EPE = ½ kx2
Notes Chapter 5-2
Forms of Energy
A.
Energy comes in many forms
1. ___________________________________ energy – associated with the position and motion of an
object
2. A combination of _______________________________________
3. Calculation:
Mechanical Energy = _________________________________________________
Example of ME calculation
A football thrown by a quarterback has BOTH PE and KE. The higher the ball is thrown the greater the PE, the faster it is
thrown the greater the KE.
PE = 32J
KE = 45 J
Mechanical Energy (ME) = ______________________________________
4.
5.
6.
B.
An object with mechanical energy can do ____________________ on another _________________
Mechanical energy is the ______________________________________ to do work.
The more ME an object has the _______________________________________ it can do.
Other forms of energy
1. These other forms are associated with the ________________________________ that make up
objects.
2. These particles are ____________________________________ to be seen. (atoms & molecules)
a) Thermal energy
b) Electrical energy
c) Chemical energy
d) Nuclear energy
e) Electromagnetic energy
f) Thermal energy
3. All objects are made up of ________________________________________________________.
4. Atoms and molecules are in ____________________________________________ – therefore they have
___________________________________energy
5. Atoms and molecules are __________________________________________________ in different objects –
therefore they have ______________________________________energy
C.
Thermal Energy
1. Total PE and KE of particles in a substance = _____________________________________ energy
Example: Melting ice cream
Fast moving particles in warm air, make the particles in the ice cream move faster, as the kinetic energy of the ice cream
particles increases, the thermal energy increases. The ice cream melts.
D. Electrical energy
1.
The energy of ____________________________________________.
2.
Depending on whether the charges are stored or moving, EE can be ________________________ or
______________________________.
E.
Chemical Energy
1.
Almost everything is made up of ___________________________________________________.
2.
Chemical compounds are made up of ________________________________________________.
3.
_________________________________________ between the atoms and molecules
____________________ the compounds together
4.
These chemical bonds have ___________________________
5.
CE is the energy stored within the chemical bonds of substances
a. ___________________________________
b. ___________________________________
c. ___________________________________
6.
When bonds __________________________________, chemical energy is _______________________
and new compounds may form.
F.
Nuclear Energy
1.
A type of ______________________________________________ energy
2.
Stored in the ____________________________________ of an ___________________________.
3.
Released during a _________________________________________________________.
4. Nuclear ___________________ – occurs when a nucleus of an atom is _____________________.
a) Used in nuclear power plants
5.
Nuclear ______________________________________ – occurs when the nuclei of atoms
________________________________________
a) Occur continuously in the sun, release tremendous amounts of energy
G. Electromagnetic Energy
1. __________________________________________ is a form of Electromagnetic energy
2. Travels in ____________________________________
3. EM waves have both electrical and magnetic properties
Examples:





Microwaves
X-rays
UV radiation
Infrared radiation
Radio waves
Notes Chapter 5.3
Energy Transformation and Conservation
A.
B.
Niagara Falls
1.
A ______________________________ for a network of electrical power lines
2.
Water above the falls is used to ___________________________________.
Energy Transformations
1.
The______________________________________________ of moving water can be transformed into
_____________________________________ energy.
2.
Most forms of energy can be transformed into ______________________________ of energy.
3.
A change from one for of energy to another is called: ________________________________________.
C. Single Transformations: (WRITE A BRIEF EXAMPLE FROM THE SLIDE)
D. Multiple Transformations
1. Often a ______________________________ of transformations are needed to do work
Example: A match
_________________________ -> Thermal -> _____________________ ->Thermal -> ____________________________
The ME used to strike the match is transformed into TE. TE causes the particles in the match to release stored chemical
energy, which is transformed into TE and the EME seen as light.
Example: A car engine
________________ produces a spark-> ___________ of spark -> releases _________ in fuel -> CE turns into __________
-> TE converted into ___________________________________
E.
Transformations between Potential and Kinetic Energy
1. Transformation between Potential energy and Kinetic energy is the ____________________________
form of transformation.
2.
Any object that ________________________________________experiences a change in its kinetic and
gravitational potential energy.
Energy transformation in juggling (write a brief diagram & explanation from the slide)
Energy transformation in a pendulum (write a brief diagram & explanation from the slide)
F.
Energy and matter
1. Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
2.
During some ________________________________________ matter is converted to energy.
3. Einstein showed that energy and mass are equivalent and can be ________________________ into one
another.
4. _____________________________________ is the equation to calculate the amount of energy that is
created when matter is destroyed.
5. __________________________________________ = anything that has mass and takes up space
Notes Chapter 5.4
Energy and Fossil Fuels
A.
Formation of Fossil Fuels
1. Fuel – a material that contains stored potential energy
Ex. ________________________ used in cars, __________________________ used in grills
2.
3.
Fuels used today were formed ___________________________________________ of years ago.
These fuels include:
________________________________________________________________________.
4.
5.
6.
Known as ________________________________________________________.
Vast ________________________________________________ were the source of coal
When plants and animals died, their __________________ piled up in thick layers in swamps and
marshes
7. Clay and sediment ________________________________________ their remains
8. Over time, increased ______________________________________________________ turned their
remains into _________________________________________________
B. Energy from the sun
1. Energy is _________________________________________________
2. Meaning: fuels do not ________________________________________________________
3. Fossil fuels _____________________________________________ energy
4. Where did they get the energy from?
5. _________________________________________________
C. Energy from the sun
1. Fossil fuels contain ____________________________ that came from the _____________________
2. The sun is the _________________________________________________ for most of Earth’s processes
3. Within the dense core of the sun – the process of nuclear fusion –> nuclear energy is transformed into
electromagnetic energy as well as other forms.
4. Some of this electromagnetic energy reaches the Earth as ________________________________.
D. The Sun’s energy on Earth
1. When the sun’s energy reaches earth
a. Plants, algae, and certain bacteria - ________________________________________ some of
the light into ________________________________________
b. Some of the energy in the chemical compounds they make is used for their
__________________________. The rest is _______________________________.
c. Animals eat plants – store some of the plants _____________________________________ in
their cells
d. When the animals and plants _____________________________ – some of the energy stored is
trapped within them
e. This ___________________________________energy is the chemical energy found in
_________________________________.
E.
Use of Fossil Fuels
1. ________________________________ can be burned to release the chemical energy stored millions of
years ago.
2. Burning fuels is known as _________________________________________.
3. During combustion, ___________________energy is transformed to _________________________
energy
4. Thermal energy can heat water to produce ________________________________.
Ex. Modern coal fired power plants:
5. Steam is raised to a ______________________________ in a boiler – leaves the boiler with high
__________________ – turns a turbine
6. A turbine is a fan connected to an axle – steam causes the blades of the fan to
________________________________ very fast – ______________________________energy is
converted to _______________________________________energy.
7. Turbines are connected to generators that produce electricity.
_______________________________ –> thermal –> _____________________________ -> electrical