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Download Overview of the Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Unit – OCT 2016
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Overview of the Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Unit – OCT 2016 USAHA David Scott McVey, D.V.M.,Ph.D., D.A.C.V.M. Research Leader, Supervisory Veterinary Medical Officer USDA, ARS, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit (ABADRU) Center for Grain and Animal Health Research (CGAHR) Manhattan, KS 1 Center for Grain and Animal Health Research 2016 K‐State Agricultural Tour 2 CGAHR Research Units Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit: Identify and solve major endemic, emerging, and exotic arthropod-borne diseases challenges in U.S. livestock Hard Winter Wheat Plant Genetics Research Unit: develop molecular markers and mechanisms for resistance to stresses; improved germplasm (disease resistance and environmental tolerance) Grain Quality and Structure Research Unit: Grain composition and quality traits related to genetics and environment Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit: biology, ecology, management of stored grain insect pests (red flour beetle) and rapid grain sorting technology development 3 ABADRU Research Diagnose, understand and control of livestock diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors Arthropods biting midges, mosquitoes, flies Understand disease transmission and progression Orbivirus diseases, Rift Valley fever, vesicular stomatitis, others Develop countermeasures for vectors, virus transmission and disease impact (limiting clinical disease and spread) preventative and predictive, diagnostic 4 Multidisciplinary Problems: Multidisciplinary Research Team INSECT VECTOR Entomologists MAMMALIAN HOST Veterinarians INFECTIOUS AGENTS Virologists 5 Research Program - 1 Orbiviruses Midge infection/transmission Midge biology Pathogenesis – relative virulence via midge transmission Dipteran population genetics – and proteomics genomics, transcriptomics Serological assays for surveillance and diagnostics (multiple species) Bunyaviruses RVFV – diagnostics, DIVA vaccines Mosquito transmission mechanistics Mosquito population genetics Epidemiological-based modelling of transmission 6 Research Program - 2 Flaviviruses Infection of mosquitos – virus transmission (JEV) Serological assays for surveillance and diagnostics (multiple species) Infection models – swine Mosquito population genetics – virus/vector ecology Epidemiological-based modelling of transmission Vesicular Stomatitis Virus/vector ecology Surveillance methodology 7 Concern Over BTV-8 • • • • • The recent outbreak was unprecedented High morbidity and mortality in livestock Unusually large number of cattle became clinically ill Significant vertical transmission in cattle reported Significant negative affects on cattle fertility reported • Are North American deer and sheep susceptible? Yes • What North American Culicoides species would be able to transmit BTV8? C. sonorensis, others? • Transmission processes, immune responses 8 Rift Valley Fever • Currently endemic in Africa but has shown potential to spread outside the continent in 2000 – Crossed Arabian peninsula to Saudi Arabia and Yemen – 100 people died and 800 became ill – A few cases reported this year in Saudi Arabia (Mar-Aug) in cattle and sheep • Limited vaccines are currently available in Africa • Only conditional licensed vaccines in the US • No commercialized diagnostics in the US – problems with availability, performance dynamics and standardization • Vaccine candidates available, serological tools available, • Work characterizing transmission and virulence continues 9 qRT-PCR and Virus Titration Sheep vaccine trial 2015 Faburay et al., Scientific Reports 6: 27719. 2016. 10 Culex tarsalis collections 11 Populations - C. tarsalis 12 Aedes vexans collections 13 Populations – A. vexans 14 JEV 1. Potential introduction/spread models. 2. Infection models in swine 3. Viral infection of mosquitos and supportive surveillance assays 15 Vesicular Stomatitis 1. Virus/vector ecology associated with disease emergence. 2. Differential infection of vectors and transmission dynamics 16 Contact D. Scott McVey, DVM, PhD Research Leader – ABADRU [email protected] 785-537-5561 17