Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Chichewa tenses wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin conjugation wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
1. Write a short email/letter to your teacher tell her why YOUR are the best student she will have. Include as many interesting things about yourself as to why you will stand out to her. Your letter/email needs to be in Spanish and needs to be at least 40-60 words. 2. Do the translation sentences. Do NOT use google translate, any other translation site, or a native speaker (unless you are a native speaker). 3. Make the following folders if you do not already have them: a. Present tense folder b. “Other” tenses folders c. Preterite vs Imperfect Folder- you should already have this. As long as you have it, you do not have to make another one. (If you need the notes for this, see Mrs. Strickland and they are on the website.) d. Subjunctive folder- If you had Spanish 4 this year, you should still have it. (If you need the notes for this, see Mrs. Strickland and they are on the website.) 4. Start the country project where you will be “teaching” the class about your country throughout the year in English. 5. Study the vocabulary units: sports, fashion, science, pop culture, some jobs. 6. Cultural magazine readings- you will need to read a couple of magazines to keep up with culture. Mrs. Strickland will let you borrow the ones you need. 7. Read Carta a Dios & Sala de espera if you did not read it in Spanish 4. 8. Do the grammar worksheets as review. 9. Practice with quizlet vocab. Go onto my quizlet and practice the vocab for Spanish 3, 4, and 5 to keep your vocabulary knowledge fresh. 10.You can also practice VHL. I made a VHL course where I can assign you practice assignments to review grammar and vocab. It is a good idea to do these. The course is in the Descbure 3 book, named AP Spanish review. Helpful hints when translating the sentences. Adjective agreement: Remember the adjective goes AFTER THE NOUN. It also must AGREE with the noun. (comida buena) At= EN not A!!! Another- otro/otra NOT UN OTRO Large- grande NOT largo A lot of- mucho/mucha/muchos/muchas College- universidad NOT colegio Clothes- Ropa, never ropas People- La gente and conjugated singular unless you say Las personas, then it’s plural Ends in ción is ALWAYS feminine Ends in DAD (like Universidad) is always feminine To have fun: divertirse! Not tener divertido or anything else No apostrophe s! My friend’s house: La casa de mi amigo Every Friday we will have Culture Fridays. On these days, you will teach the class about the culture, products, and practices of the country in English. You will need to present the following: You will be working alone. Countries and their culture1. One song with cloze activity for class to do 2. TV show OR movie with an actor OR actress. You can show a school appropriate clip if you’d like. As of May 18, 2017, I can access you tube. 3. Discuss 3 different sports in the country AND AN athlete. 4. Volunteer organization in and native to the country and what they do/specialize in (not American organizations that go to the country) 5. A natural disaster that has occurred in the country- show pictures 6. Natural phenomenon that has occurred in the country- show pictures 7. Talk about an indigenous group and their customs/activities, and show pictures of them. Include their language and something they make (like an artesanía) 8. Landmarks: a landmark in the country with pictures & information (For example: Peru & Machu Picchu, Mexico & the piramides) 9. How the people show creativity in the country 10. Discuss the architecture & compare it to ours 11. Discuss how beauty is seen and portrayed in the country and what influences how it is seen 12. Fashion in the country * An activity for us to do that is FUN to do that involves the class that has a cultural experience or something to do with a celebration in the country. Every group CANNOT do a dance. After so many dances, I will say no more dances. IF you do a dance, you cannot just show a you tube video and let the video lead. You need to learn the dance, do it, teach us how to do it, etc. See Mrs. Strickland for ideas other than dances. The countries: Spain Mexico Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador Nicaragua Costa Rica Paraguay Uruguay Chile Argentina Perú Dominican Republic, Cuba, Venezuela Ecuador Panama Colombia Bolivia Present tense translation sentences: *Remember after the first conjugated verb, if the next verb is right beside the verb, the 2nd one is NOT conjugated! 1. They speak Spanish. 2. We hope to live in the United States. 3. Where do you live? 4. You need to go to the store. 5. They have a lot of children. 6. You should look for (BUSCAR) a good lawyer. 7. They decide if they go to college or not. 8. My parents live in a large house. 9. He should be our president. 10.I need to send a letter. 11.The majority of people do this packet the last week of summer or first week of school. 12.I believe the lady is crazy. 13.They leave the food on the ground. 14.This homework seems very long. 15.Do you hear the teacher? Stem changer present tense sentences 1. My family wants to enjoy their summer. 2. He defends his friends. 3. Do you lie to your parents? 4. Do you try on clothes at the store? 5. They understand (use entender) the lesson. 6. I want to be a doctor. I want to help people. 7. I want to live in another state. 8. I plan to live in the country. 9. They serve good food at the restaurant. 10.It snows a lot in Michigan. 11.He confesses to the crime. 12.Bob and Sam eat lunch in the restarant. 13.Do you remember the verb “to remember” in Spanish? 14.I do not feel well. 15.The lesson begins on page 249. Present progressive sentences (p 16-17) 1. I am attending high school now. 2. It is snowing. It is raining. 3. Miguel is crying. 4. I am writing this letter. 5. What are you doing? 6. We are reading my grandfather’s letter. 7. We are sleeping in the floor. 8. They are telling the truth. Future tense with “IR a + infinitve” 1. I am going to college in two years. 2. We are going to take the AP test. 3. We are going to Tener que and Tener expression sentences 1. I am 17 years old. (use TENER!!!) 2. Do you have a big family? 3. I am hot. He is sleepy. He is cold. She is lucky. We are hungry. They are thirsty. 4. I have to record this lesson. 5. They have to follow their rules. 6. We have to explain the notes. (NOT notas!) 7. They do not have to worry. Reflexive sentences 1. They say goodbye. 2. I smile when my nephew says something funny. 3. People get mad when they have problems. 4. I feel bad. 5. It surprises us (Nos sorprendemos). 6. People fall in love every day. 7. They take advantage of the situations. 8. We get bored with this work. Preterite tense sentences (some are reflexive AND preterite) 1. I twisted my ankle last week. 2. Paco broke his leg. 3. They fell in love. 4. He put his clothes on. 5. We left the building. 6. I was born on ______________ (fill in your birthday too) a. For example: Nací el siete de diciembre de mil novecientos setenta y nueve. 7. I went to the (al) restaurant. 8. He went to the (al) movies. Imperfect tense sentences 1. When I was little, I behaved badly. 2. I used to worry a lot. 3. I was very disappointed in the place. 4. I used to be in the band. 5. The class was difficult. 6. We were angry. 7. It was hot outside. 8. It was ten o’clock at night. 9. He said (preterite) that it was fun (imperfect). 10. I was studying (imperfect) when she entered. (preterite) Future tense sentences (212-213) 1. I will have fun. 2. We will graduate in May of 2013. 3. They will live in the dorms. 4. We will go to college. 5. She will be a lawyer. 6. I will do the assignment. 7. We will work on the essay tomorrow. 8. I will want to take AP Spanish after this assignment. 9. Will you have any children? 10. He will tell the truth. Conditional tense sentences 1. I would use the ideas. 2. I would like to arrive early. 3. He would work in a factory. 4. She would talk with me. (CONMIGO) 5. He would leave early. 6. We would know how to play basketball if… 7. I would do the homework. 8. Would you put the book on the shelf? 9. Would I fit in the swing? 10. Would you be able to speak Spanish in ten years? Present perfect sentences (183-185) 1. I have work hard on this packet. 2. She has received a lot of awards. 3. He has been a good friend. 4. I have seen the news. 5. Have you opened the door? 6. He has discovered a lot about the history of Spain. 7. She has broken her finger. 8. We have done too much (demasiado) work already (ya). 9. Have you put the work in the box? 10. The man from the bar has died. 11. I have described the culture of Argentina. 12. She has written a letter. Subjunctive sentences (123-161) 1. I hope this helps you. 2. I recommend that you go up the stairs. 3. I want that you remember this packet in the summer. 4. It makes me sad that you sleep in class. 5. It makes me happy that you do not lie. 6. I am excited that you take AP Spanish (español AP). 7. It bothers me (Me molesta) that they do not follow the rules. 8. It makes me mad that he does not say goodbye. 9. It makes me very mad (me enfada) that they do not pay attention to the instructions. 10. I suggest that you do not lose this packet. 11. He suggests that we boil the eggs. 12. It is necessary that he goes to college. (Es necesario que vaya a la Universidad) 13. It is better that we have a lot of work in the summer. 14. It is bad that I do not do my chores. 15. It is impressive that she knows a famous person. (persona famosa!) 16. It is a shame that she doesn’t know how to ride her bike. 17. It is annoying that she is so (tan) mean. 18. It is doubtful that we remember how to do this in the fall 19. Do you recommend that I come to school on time? 20. He doubts that I will bring the cookies to class. 21. I beg that you look at this packet during the summer. 22. She advises that we translate all of these sentences. 23. They demand that we fly to Europe (Europa). 24. They ask that (pedir) you show them the answer. 25. It surprises me (Me sorprende que…) you do not tell the truth. Sentences with infinitive 1. After entering the room, she went to her desk. 2. After graduating, I want to go to college. 3. I hope to attend college. 4. Before entering, I called my parents. 5. It is my dream to be a doctor. 6. Another solution is to call the police. Sentences with phrases like Es importante + infinitive 1. It is important to study. 2. It is advisable to return to school with this packet. 3. It is preferable to solve the problem. (el problema) 4. It is urgent to correct your mistakes. Present tense folder outside AR present tense Yo-o Tú- as Él, ella, Ud- a Juan, Mi amigo- a Nosotros-amos Mi amigo y yo- amos Ellos, ellas, Uds- an Juan y Miguel- an ER Present tense Yo-o Tú- es Él, ella, Ud- e Juan, Mi amigo- e Nosotros-emos Mi amigo y yo- emos Ellos, ellas, Uds- en Juan y Miguel- en IR present tense Yo-o Tú- es Él, ella, Ud- e Juan, Mi amigo- e Nosotros-imos Mi amigo y yo- imos Ellos, ellas, Uds- en Juan y Miguel- en AR example Hablo Hablas Habla Hablamos Hablan ER example Como Comes Come Comemos Comen IR example Vivo Vives Vive Vivimos Viven Irregular in YO (write the meanings as well) SER- Soy, eres, es, somos, son IR- Voy, vas, va, vamos, van Estar- Estoy, estás, está, estamos, están Tener- Tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen Venir- Vengo, vienes, viene, venImos, vienen Oír- Oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oyen Ver- Veo, ves… Hacer- hago, haces… Saber- Sé, sabes… Conocer- Conozco, conoces… **Other verbs like conocer: traducir, producir, reconocer, ofrecer, agradecer, parecer Conducir, traducir Traer- Traigo, traes… Salir- Salgo, sales Caer- Caigo, caes… Dar- doy, das… Stem changers E-IE except in “we” (inside) AR stem changers Cerrar Comenzar Empezar Pensar Confesar Despertar negar ER stem changers Querer Perder Encender entender IR stem changers Mentir Sugerir Sentir advertir Stem changers O-UE except in “we” AR stem changers Contar Costar Encontrar Probar Recordar Acostar Almorzar Volar Mostrar soñar ER stem changers Volver Envolver Doler Morder Resolver IR stem changers Dormir Morir Stem changers E-I Decir- Digo, dices Servir Impedir Competir Conseguir Despedir Seguir Repetir Elegir Corregir Vestir Reflexive Verbs (inside) Any verb when looked up that ends in SE is reflexive Take off the SE and conjugate it normally Common Reflexive verbs Bañarse, Levantarse, Afeitarse, lavarse, maquillarse, Asustarse, cansarse, portarse, comportarse, preocuparse, acordarse, arrodillarse, Burlarse, quejarse, olvidarse, Esconderse, atreverse Aburrirse, reunirse, Dormirse, Acostarse (o-ue) E-IE: Despertarse, divertirse, arrepentirse, E-I: Despedirse, sentirse, Darse cuenta (me doy cuenta) Go verbs: Ponerse, Caerse, outside Use of infinitive 1. Me/te/le/nos/les gusta + INFINITIVE *Me gusta leer. ¿Qué te gusta hacer? Nos gusta hablar español. 2. TENER que- Have to *Tengo que estudiar. Tienen que practicar. Tenemos que leer. 3. TENER ganas de + infinitive (feel like) Yo tengo ganas de nadar. (I feel like swimming) ¿Qué tienes ganas de hacer? (What do you feel like doing) 4. Acabar de + infinitive Ellos acaban de tomar un examen. (They just took an exam) 5. IR a + infinitive (GOING to in future) Voy a viajar a España. (I’m going to travel to Spain.) Vamos a hablar por teléfono. (We are going to talk on the phone) Present progressive ING in English This tense is used for what is going on RIGHT NOW, not future You must use ESTAR conjugated (NEVER use SER!) The gerund doesn’t change: AR, take off AR and it becomes ANDO ER & IR: take off ER/IR and it becomes IENDO Irregulars Leer- leyendo Dormir- durmiendo Caer- cayendo Morir- muriendo Mentir- mintiendo Servir- sirviendo Oír- oyendo Huir- huyendo Decir- diciendo Poder- pudiendo Venir- viniendo Yo estoy hablando. Tú estás comiendo. Juan está escribiendo la lección. Tomás y yo estamos leyendo la novela. Los niños están durmiendo. OTHER TENSES FOLDER outside Future tense: WILL Do NOT take off AR,ER, IR. Add these endings: Yo: é Tú: ás Él, ella, Ud, 1 person: á Nosotros: emos Ellos, ellas, Uds: án Yo Tú Él Nosotros Ellos HABLAR Hablaré Hablarás Hablará hablaremos hablarán COMER VIVIR Comeré Comerás Comerá Comeremos comerán Viviré Vivirás Vivirá Viviremos vivirán Irregulars- Drop the “E” Caber to fit- cabr Haber- to have habr Poder- to be able to podr Querer- to want querr Saber- to know a fact or info sabr Cabré podrás habrá querremos sabrán E/I---D Different Poner- to put pondr Salir- to leave/to go out with saldr Tener- to have tendr Valer- to value valdr Venir- to come vendr Pondré saldrás tendrá vendremos valdrán Decir- to say/tell dir Hacer- to do/make har Diré Dirás Dirá Diremos Dirán Haré haremos Harás Hará harán Conditional Tense- “Would” in English (inside) Casarse Me casaría Se casaría Ellos lo perderían Ellos te darían WOULD- use the infinitive Yo hablaría comería viviría Tú hablarías comerías vivirías Él, ella, Ud hablaría comería viviría Nosotros hablaríamos seríamos iríamos Ellos, ellas, Uds hablarían serían irían Drop the “E” Caber to fit- cabr Haber- there would be habr There would be/ Poder- to be able to podr Querer- to want querr Saber- to know a fact or info sabr Cabría habrías podría querríamos sabrían E/I---D Different Poner- to put pondr Salir- to leave/to go out with saldr Tener- to have tendr Valer- to be worth valdr Venir- to come vendr Pondría tendrías Saldría valdría vendríamos Decir- to say/tell dir Hacer- to do/make har Diría Dirías Diría Diríamos Dirían Haría Harías Haría haríamos harían PERFECT tenses (uses “haber” and the present participle) (inside) Participles- these do not change with each “tense” of present, future, past, conditional perfects The form of HABER MUST go with these if in present perfect. I “have” done, You have written, etc He Has Ha Hemos Han AR- “ado” ending Hablado, estudiado, llegado ER- “ido” ending Aprendido, Vivido, Comido Accents- leído, caído, traído, creído Irregulars Abrir- abierto Cubrir- cubierto Decir- Dicho Describir- Descrito Descubrir- descubierto Devolver- devuelto Envolver- envuelto Morir- muerto Resolver- resuelto Volver- vuelto Escribir- escrito Hacer- hecho Poner- puesto Romper- roto Ver- Visto Future Perfect- I will have done _______ by… Use the same participles as before Habré Habrás Habrá Habremos Habrán Past perfect Use the same participles as before había Habías Había Habíamos Habían Conditional Perfect Use the same participles as before Habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habrían Commands Page (outside) Tú commands (Telling a friend WHAT to do/affirmative) Regular Affirmative commands- Take on the EL,ELLA form Eat- Come Study- Estudia Write- Escribe Talk- habla Listen- Escucha Irregular Commands Decir- di (Say) Hacer- Haz (do) Ir- Ve (go) Poner- Pon (put) Salir- Sal (leave) Tener- Ten (have/take) Venir- Ven (Come) Negative tú commands Use the subjunctive form of the verb Trabajar- no trabajes Comer- no comas Ir- no vayas Decir- no digas Ud/Uds Commands When telling a teacher or group of people what to do (it’s a nice way) Use the subjunctive form Hablar- Hable/Hablen Comer- Coma/Coman Decir- Diga, digan Imperfect Folder (pg 12-15) (outside) Cue Words Interrupting Action Completed Action Amount of time Number of times Began and Ended in the past! La semana pasada El verano pasado Ayer Anoche Anteayer El año pasado Una vez Dos veces, tres veces Por + # ___ días, años, semanas Por primera vez Segundo Tercero Cuarto Quinto Sexto Séptimo Octavo Noveno Décimo REGULAR PRETERITE (inside) -AR é, aste, ó, amos, aron -ER/-IR í, iste, ió, imos, ieron Hablar Comer Vivir Hablé Hablaste Habló Hablamos Hablaron Comí Comiste comió comimos comieron Viví Viviste Vivió Vivimos Vivieron -CAR, -GAR, -ZAR JUV2 e, iste, o, imos eron* TraducirTraduj ConducirConduj DecirDij TraerTraj e, iste, o, imos, ieron U Tocar- carqué: Toqué, Tocaste, Tocó, Tocamos, Tocaron Llegar- gargué: llegué, llegaste, llego, llegamos, llegaron Empezar- zarcé: empecé, empezaste, empezó, empezamos, empezaron PoderPud PonerPus SaberSup IRREGULAR 5 V SER/IR- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron was & were/went AndarAnduv VER- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron saw/watched DAR- di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron gave HACER- hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron did/made STEM CHANGERS (OU) Morir, Dormir Morí Moriste Murió Morimos Murieron (only change in él, ella, usted and ellos. ustedes) EI IOYO/IERONYERON Pedir, Servir Oír, Leer, huir, creer, Competir, repetir destruir, construir, caer dormí Pedí dormistePediste dUrmió Pidió Repetí Repetiste Repitió dormimosPedimos Repetimos dUrmieron Pidieron Repitieron Oí oíste oyó Leí huí Leíste huiste Leyó huyó oímos Leímos huimos oyeron Leyeron huyeron IMPERFECT (inside) EstarEstuv TenerTuv 2 VenirVin Querer Quis -AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs -aba -abas -aba -ábamos -aban -ía -ías -ía -íamos -ían ía -ías -ía -íamos -ían TOCAR Tocaba Tocabas Tocaba Tocábamos Tocaban PODER Podía Podías Podía Podíamos Podían DECIR Decía Decías Decía Decíamos Decían IRREGULAR IMPERFECT SER IR VER era eras era éramos eran iba ibas iba íbamos iban veía veías veía veíamos veían IMPERFECT (outside) cada día- every day cada semana- every week Cue WORDS Generalmente- Generally Frecuentemente- Frequently Mientras- While Todos los días- Every day Todo el tiempo- all the time Siempre- always Nunca- Never De vez en cuando- Once in a while Muchas veces- many times A veces- Sometimes Mucho- a lot Description Repeated Actions Location Emotions Weather/While Age Indirect discourse/Interrupted Action Time Subjunctive Folder- pages 16-19 (outside) W E I R D O WantEsperar querer, Emotion Alegrarse de Impersonal Es necesario que Me alegro de Es importante que Lamenta que, Es bueno que Es recomendable que Sentir, Es posible que Aconsejar que desear, mandar, exigir, insistir Recommendations Doubt Ojalá Recomiendo que Es difícil que, Ojalá Sorprender de Es mejor que Aconsejo Temer Es peor que Preferir que Prefiero Decir, pedir, sugerir, aconsejar, necesitar Rogar, Estar +… Emotion Tener miedo de Es probable que Es lamentable que Querer Quiero que Es sorprendente que Necesitar Es una lástima que Decir- Digo que Es una suerte que Pedir- Pido que Es dudoso que Es imposible que Es improbable que Puede ser No creo que Mandar que SugerirSugiero que Niega que… No es cierto que (inside) Formala for subjunctive **First clause is in the NORMAL PRESENT tense 2nd clause will be in subjunctive #1 Subject + #1 verb in present tense + Que + Subject 2 + Verb #2 in Subjunctive To find the verb in the subjunctive tense, you start with the YO form of PRESENT tense Then, drop the O Then, add opposite endings AR Verbs (take er endings) Hablar Hable Hables Hable Hablemos Hablen ER verbs (take ar endings) Comer Coma Comas Coma Comamos Coman IR verbs (take ar endings) Vivir Viva Vivas Viva Vivamos Vivan CAR Tocar Toque Toques Toque Toquemos Toquen GAR Llegar Llegue Llegues Llegue Lleguemos Lleguen ZAR Cruzar Cruce Cruces Cruce Crucemos Crucen inside Irregulars in YO in present tense Tener- Tengo Tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengan Poner- Pongo Ponga, pongas, ponga, pongamos, pongan Salir- Salgo Salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgan Hacer- Hago Haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagan Conocer- Conozco Conozca, Conozcas, Conozca, conozcamos, Conozcan Oir- Oigo Oiga, Oigas, oiga, oigamos, oigan Decir- Digo Diga, digas, diga, digamos, digan Ver- Yo Veo Vea, veas, vea, veamos, vean Traer- Traigo Traiga, traigas, traiga, traigamos, traigan Caber- Quepo Quepa, quepas, quepa, quepamos, quepan Stem changers (still change in subjunctive!) Pensar- Piense, pienses, piense, piensen, Pensemos Poder- Pueda, puedas, pueda, puedan, Podamos Sentir- sienta, sientas, sienta, sientan, Sintamos Dormir- Duerma, duermas, duerma, duerman, Durmamos Irregular Sujbunctive- DISHES (acronym to remember) Dar- dé, des, dé, demos, den Ir- vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan SER- sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean Haber- haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan Estar- esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Saber- sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan