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Unit 3 Lesson 4 Forms of Energy S8.C.2.1.1 1 2 Forms of Energy 1. Mechanical Energy – is the total potential and kinetic energy of an object • PE + KE = ME Potential Energy- energy stored in an object because of its position or shape • Gravitational potential energy- stored energy because of position (Bike on top of a hill) GPE= weight x height • Elastic potential energy - stored energy because an object is stretched, bent, or compressed beyond its natural shape (stretched rubber band) Kinetic Energy- energy of motion. Energy of moving objects • • Depends on mass and speed of the object More massive and faster moving objects have more kinetic energy 3 Kinetic vs Potential 4 Kinetic vs Potential Skate park Oh no!....not again Video clip Video clip- swing Quiz 5 Forms of Energy 2. Thermal Energy – (Heat) • energy that flows from warm objects to cooler objects When you heat matter, the particles move faster so fast moving particles bump slower moving particles, making them move faster also • • Food coloring ex. Ice cube example 6 Forms of Energy 3. Chemical Energy – energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules and compounds (Think: food, batteries and fuels including fossil fuels and wood) 1. Food contains molecules of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates 2. Fossil Fuels were formed from the remains of living things which are made of molecules which contain chemical energy **When the chemical bonds of these molecules break during chemical reactions, chemical energy is released** 3. Batteries are made of chemical molecules which react and produce electrical energy as a result • Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2), Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl), Magnesium Dioxide (MgO2) 7 8 Chemical Molecules in Fossil Fuels 9 Forms of Energy 4. Nuclear Energy- Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom which holds the protons and neutrons together •When nuclei are split apart or combine, they release nuclear energy 10 Forms of Energy 5. Electrical Energy – Energy of moving electrons - The flow of electrons Examples: Lightening Electricity 11 Forms of Energy 6. Sound Energy – produced by vibrating objects • Sound Waves can only travel through matter • The molecules aren't moving across the room. They just get bumped, and they bump the ones next to them. Speed of sound 12 7. Light Energy • Also called Radiant Energy or Electromagnetic Radiation or EM Energy • Waves that travel through matter and/or empty space (vacuum of space) • Don’t need a medium (matter) to travel through like a sound wave does • Energy in the form of a wave that comes from stars (suns) in space 13 7 Types of Light Energy (EM Radiation): All come from Stars (Suns) All travel at speed of light 1. Gamma Rays- used for cancer treatment 2. X-Rays- pass through soft tissue (skin) and are absorbed by hard tissue (bone) 3. UV Rays- We don’t feel these. Gives us a sunburn. Also used in fluorescent bulbs 4. Visible/White Light- We can detect with eyes if it reflects off something 5. Infrared- felt as heat- heat transferred through radiation 6. Microwaves- cell phone communication, microwave ovens for cooking, and radar detection 7. Radio Waves- communication ( broadcasting) with TV and radio 14 Wavelength vs Frequency Wavelength- the length of a wave Frequency- how often a wave occurs *Inverse/ Indirect Relationship 15 16 Electromagnetic Spectrum ROYGBIV 10,000 m 10-14 m Long wavelength Short wavelength Low Frequency High Frequency 17 Speed of Light ** All 7 forms of EM energy travel at the SOL Speed of light = approx. 670 million mph (186,000 miles per second) Speed of Sound = approx. 760 mph in air (faster in liquid and solids) • Energy from our Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth 18 Speed of Light • • • • • 670 million mph 186,000 miles/sec 300,000 km/sec 300 million meters/sec 7 x around Earth in a second In the vacuum of space • SOL in air is slower than in a vacuum. Air is made of gas molecules which slow light down as it passes through them. • The more dense the substance, the slower light travels through it. (OPPOSITE OF SOUND) Vacuum = 186,000 miles/sec Air = 185,400 miles/sec Water = 140,000 miles/sec Glass = 124,000 miles/sec 19 Light Year • The distance light (energy) will travel in a year if uninterrupted • About 6 trillion miles • Not a Time Period • If a star is 5 light years away, it will take its energy 5 years to get here • Some stars are billions of light years away! Space is infinitely big! 20 21