Download Name: Date: ______ 1. Although Faustina can learn and remember

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. Although Faustina can learn and remember how to read reversed mirror-image writing,
she is unable to learn and remember the names of people to whom she has been
introduced. Faustina is most likely to have suffered damage to her:
A) hypothalamus.
B) brainstem.
C) hippocampus.
D) cerebellum.
2. Retroactive interference involves the disruption of:
A) encoding.
B) storage.
C) retrieval.
D) all of the above.
3. Which of the following techniques used by professional therapists are highly likely to
promote the construction of false memories?
A) hypnosis
B) dream analysis
C) imagination-enhancing exercises
D) all of the above
4. George has learned the sentence “My Very Earnest Mother Just Showed Us Nine
Planets” as a way to remember the names of the nine planets. This illustrates the use of:
A) the method of loci.
B) mnemonics.
C) the spacing effect.
D) the “peg-word” system.
E) automatic processing.
5. Many of the experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed
traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled
seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated:
A) proactive interference.
B) the self-reference effect.
C) the spacing effect.
D) the misinformation effect.
E) state-dependent memory.
6. The ability to learn something without any conscious memory of having learned it
suggests the need to distinguish between:
A) proactive and retroactive interference.
B) short-term and long-term memory.
C) recognition and recall.
D) explicit and implicit memory.
7. Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) implicit
C) mood-congruent
D) explicit
E) automatic
8. Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?
A) recognition
B) recall
C) relearning
D) rehearsal
9. After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have
contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident
began to remember the driver involved as traveling at a greater speed than was actually
the case. This provides an example of:
A) proactive interference.
B) the serial position effect.
C) state-dependent memory.
D) the self-reference effect.
E) the misinformation effect.
10. Judy is embarrassed because she suddenly cannot remember a friend's name. Judy's poor
memory most likely results from a failure in:
A) storage.
B) encoding.
C) rehearsal.
D) retrieval.
E) automatic processing.
11. Walter Penfield observed that electrical stimulation of the brains of wide-awake patients
sometimes led them to report vivid recollections. Penfield incorrectly assumed that:
A) his patients were inventing false memories.
B) the brain's total storage capacity is very limited.
C) the brain's physical memory trace decays gradually over time.
D) the stimulation activated permanently stored memories.
12. Research on young children's false eyewitness recollections has indicated that:
A) children are less susceptible to source amnesia than adults.
B) children are no more susceptible to the misinformation effect than adults.
C) it is surprisingly difficult for both children and professional interviewers to reliably
separate the children's true memories from false memories.
D) all of the above are true.
13. The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but
the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete
address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the
five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory.
A) iconic
B) flashbulb
C) implicit
D) echoic
E) statedependent
14. Déjà vu refers to the:
A) emotional arousal produced by events that prime us to recall associated events.
B) tendency to remember experiences that are consistent with one's current mood.
C) unconscious activation of particular associations in memory.
D) eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event.
15. When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test
of memory is being utilized?
A) reconstruction
B) recognition
C) rehearsal
D) recall
E) relearning
16. The process of getting information out of memory storage is called:
A) priming.
B) encoding.
C) relearning.
D) retrieval.
E) rehearsal.
17. During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term
“proactive interference.” Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the
term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this
incidental information is best explained in terms of:
A) automatic processing.
B) the serial position effect.
C) the spacing effect.
D) the method of loci.
E) the next-in-line effect.
18. Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to
correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on today's test?
A) How well does the word describe you?
B) Does the word consist of ten letters?
C) Is the word written in capital letters?
D) Does the word rhyme with obsessed?
19. Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term
C) flashbulb
D) implicit
E) state-dependent
20. Automatic processing occurs without:
A) visual imagery.
B) semantic encoding.
C) conscious awareness.
D) sensory memory.
21. Studies of the conditioned eye-blink response in rabbits suggest that implicit memories
are stored in the:
A) hypothalamus.
B) association areas.
C) motor cortex.
D) hippocampus.
E) cerebellum.
22. Loftus and Palmer asked two groups of observers how fast two cars had been going in a
filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word “smashed” in
relation to the accident later recalled:
A) broken glass at the scene of the accident.
B) that the drivers of the vehicles were intoxicated.
C) that the drivers of the vehicles were males.
D) the details of the accident with vivid accuracy.
23. Memory of facts is to ________ as memory of skills is to ________.
A) brainstem; hippocampus
B) explicit memory; implicit memory
C) automatic processing; effortful processing
D) short-term memory; long-term memory
24. The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term
storage necessarily involves the activity of:
A) automatic processing.
B) implicit memory.
C) semantic encoding.
D) proactive interference.
E) working memory.
25. Which of the following substances is most likely to facilitate the formation of new
memories?
A) alcohol, which often makes people feel relaxed and uninhibited
B) Valium, a prescription drug that reduces tension and anxiety
C) marijuana, which sometimes produces feelings of euphoria
D) epinephrine, a physically and emotionally arousing hormone
26. Our schemas often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term
memory. This fact is most relevant to appreciating the importance of:
A) long-term potentiation.
B) automatic processing.
C) memory construction.
D) the spacing effect.
E) visual encoding.
27. When people are asked to recall a list of words they had earlier memorized, they often
substitute synonyms for some of the words on the original list. This best illustrates the
effects of:
A) implicit memory.
B) source amnesia.
C) semantic encoding.
D) memory decay.
E) state-dependent memory.
28. Sabrina went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery,
notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding
herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she
needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids. Sabrina made
effective use of:
A) the spacing effect.
B) hierarchical organization.
C) automatic processing.
D) the “peg-word” system.
E) the method of loci.
29. As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize
themselves moving through familiar locations. They were making use of:
A) the serial position effect.
B) the next-in-line effect.
C) implicit memory.
D) the method of loci.
E) the spacing effect.
30. With respect to the controversy regarding reports of repressed memories of sexual
abuse, statements by major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that:
A) the accumulated experiences of our lives are all preserved somewhere in our
minds.
B) the more stressful an experience is, the more quickly it will be consciously
forgotten.
C) repression is the most common mechanism underlying the failure to recall early
childhood abuse.
D) professional therapists can reliably distinguish between their clients' true and false
childhood memories.
E) adult memories of experiences happening before age 3 are unreliable.
31. When children are officially interviewed about their recollections of possible sexual
abuse, their reports are especially credible if:
A) they are asked specific, detailed questions about the issue rather than more general,
open-ended questions.
B) after responding to an interviewer, they are repeatedly asked the same question
they just answered.
C) they use anatomically correct dolls to indicate if and where they had been
physically touched.
D) involved adults have not discussed the issue with them prior to the interview.
32. A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as
________ memory.
A) state-dependent
B) flashbulb
C) short-term
D) sensory
E) implicit
33. In considering the seven sins of memory, misattribution is to the sin of ________ as
blocking is to the sin of ________.
A) retroactive interference; proactive interference
B) distortion; forgetting
C) proactive interference; retroactive interference
D) intrusion; distortion
34. Our ability to perform two or more complex encoding tasks simultaneously best
illustrates the value of:
A) source amnesia.
B) flashbulb memory.
C) state-dependent memory.
D) automatic processing.
E) the spacing effect.
35. A mnemonic device is a:
A) mental picture.
B) test or measure of memory.
C) technique for encoding language sounds.
D) memory aid.
E) word, event, or place that triggers a memory of the past.
36. When 80-year-old Ida looked at her old wedding pictures, she was flooded with vivid
memories of her parents, her husband, and the early years of her marriage. The pictures
served as powerful:
A) encoding devices.
B) iconic memories.
C) automatic processing devices.
D) retrieval cues.
37. Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember
seeing a specific word after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete
sentence. This research highlighted the effectiveness of:
A) the method of loci.
B) the “peg-word” system.
C) automatic processing.
D) semantic encoding.
E) the next-in-line effect.
38. Ebbinghaus's use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that:
A) the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning.
B) what is learned in one mood is most easily retrieved in that same mood.
C) information that is automatically processed is rarely forgotten.
D) our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited.
39. Elaine recalls last year's Paris vacation more positively than she evaluated it when it
occurred. This best illustrates:
A) the self-reference effect.
B) source amnesia.
C) proactive interference.
D) rosy retrospection.
E) the spacing effect.
40. Passing an electric current through the brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most
likely to disrupt ________ memory.
A) implicit
B) mood-congruent
C) shortterm
D) flashbulb
41. After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't
remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best
illustrates:
A) the spacing effect.
B) proactive interference.
C) the serial position effect.
D) motivated forgetting.
E) statedependent memory.
42. In order to remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often
relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid
because it facilitates:
A) iconic memory.
B) semantic encoding.
C) automatic processing.
D) proactive interference.
E) the serial position effect.
43. The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle
items is known as the ________ effect.
A) serial position
B) misinformation
C) next-in-line
D) priming
E) spacing
44. “The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of
________ memory.
A) short-term
B) explicit
C) flashbulb
D) implicit
E) sensory
45. A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory.
A) iconic
B) implicit
C) short-term
D) state-dependent
E) long-term
46. Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it
difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates:
A) retroactive interference.
B) the next-in-line effect.
C) source amnesia.
D) proactive interference.
E) repression.
47. As a child, Andre experienced a vivid dream in which he was chased and attacked by a
ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened
to him. Andre's false recollection best illustrates:
A) the self-reference effect.
B) mood-congruent memory.
C) proactive interference.
D) implicit memory.
E) source amnesia.
48. Immediately after participants at a business seminar took turns introducing themselves,
Anne remembered everybody's name except for the person who introduced himself just
before she did. This best illustrates that memory is influenced by:
A) the spacing effect.
B) long-term potentiation.
C) the serial position effect.
D) retrieval failure.
E) rehearsal.
49. Hearing the word “rabbit” may lead people to spell the spoken word “hair” as “h-a-r-e.”
This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as:
A) chunking.
B) retroactive interference.
C) the method of loci.
D) repression.
E) priming.
50. Memories are primed by:
A) repression.
B) retrieval cues.
C) retroactive interference.
D) the serial position effect.
E) source amnesia.