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AP Psych
Unit 7a Practice Quiz
1. In considering the seven sins of memory, transience is to the sin of ________ as suggestibility is to the sin of ________.
A) distortion; intrusion
D) retroactive interference; proactive interference
B) proactive interference; retroactive interference
E) relearning; mood congruence
C) forgetting; distortion
2. Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term
C) flashbulb
D) implicit
E) state-dependent
3. Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves
A) source amnesia.
B) retroactive interference.
C) memory decay.
D) retrieval failure.
E) long-term potentiation.
4. While in a context similar to one you've been in before, you see a stranger who looks and walks like one of your friends. These
circumstances are likely to trigger the experience of
A) déjà vu.
B) implicit memory.
C) rosy retrospection.
D) proactive interference.
E) long-term potentiation.
5. Every day as she walks to school, Mamie passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she
does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?
A) Such implicit memory is stored in the cerebellum, thus Mamie must have experienced damage to that brain region.
B) Mamie has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into long-term memory.
C) Because of the time span between being exposed to the mural, the spacing effect has interrupted memory formation.
D) The memory of the mural has decayed over time.
E) Mamie is experiencing retroactive interference, leading to her forgetting past information.
6. The process of retrieval refers to
A) the persistence of learning over time.
B) the organization of information into manageable units.
C) getting information out of memory storage.
D)
E)
conscious repetition of information to be remembered.
the identification of information previously learned.
7. In an effort to remember how to spell “rhinoceros,” Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as
A) priming.
B) rehearsal.
C) the peg-word system.
D) chunking.
E) the serial position effect.
8. After looking up his friend's phone number, Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the
telephone number was clearly stored in his ________ memory.
A) echoic
B) short-term
C) flashbulb
D) long-term
E) implicit
9. “The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) explicit
C) flashbulb
D) implicit
E) sensory
10. To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must
A) be sensitive to repressed memories.
B) provide details to the child before the interview.
C) use neutral words that children can understand.
D) employ leading questions to prompt a response.
E) allow children to listen to adults discuss the case before the interview.
11. A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in ________ memory.
A) iconic
B) implicit
C) echoic
D) long-term
E) short-term
12. Harry Bahrick observed that three years after people completed a Spanish course, they had forgotten much of the vocabulary they
had learned. This finding indicates that information is lost while it is
A) encoded.
B) rehearsed.
C) retrieved.
D) in storage.
E) relearned.
13. When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used?
A) reconstruction
B) recognition
C) rehearsal
D) recall
E) relearning
14. Mood-congruent memory refers to the effect of emotional states on the process of
A) repression.
B) encoding.
C) storage.
D) retrieval.
E) relearning.
15. Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________.
A) epinephrine; serotonin
D)
B) skill memory; fact memory
E)
C) automatic processing; effortful processing
long-term memory; short-term memory
hippocampus; cerebellum
16. Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.
A) short-term; long-term
B) long-term; short-term
C) implicit; explicit
D) explicit; implicit
E) iconic; echoic
17. Which of the following poses the greatest threat to the credibility of children's recollections of sexual abuse?
A) the serial position effect
D) long-term potentiation
B) the spacing effect
E) proactive interference
C) the misinformation effect
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18. After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people
who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case.
This provides an example of
A) proactive interference.
D) the self-reference effect.
B) the serial position effect.
E) the misinformation effect.
C) state-dependent memory.
19. During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she
accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental
information is best explained in terms of
A) automatic processing.
B) the serial position effect.
C) the spacing effect.
D) relearning.
E) priming.
20. Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to
demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
A) implicit memory.
B) the serial position effect.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) the spacing effect.
E) chunking.
21. The statement, “The haystack was important because the cloth ripped,” becomes easier to understand and recall when you are
given the following prompt: “A parachutist.” This best illustrates the influence of
A) visual encoding.
B) parallel processing.
C) sensory memory.
D) semantic encoding.
E) mnemonic devices.
22. Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________.
A) implicit memory; explicit memory
D) iconic memory; flashbulb memory
B) effortful processing; automatic processing
E) meaning; imagery
C) the serial position effect; the spacing effect
23. The accuracy of the flashbulb memories of those who witnessed the 2010 earthquake in Haiti best illustrates that memory formation
is facilitated by
A) the spacing effect.
D) implicit memory.
B) hierarchical organization.
E) the body's release of stress hormones.
C) the serial position effect.
24. The process of encoding refers to
A) the persistence of learning over time.
B) the recall of information previously learned.
C) getting information into memory.
D)
E)
the motivated forgetting of painful memories.
a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
25. Memory is best defined as
A) the conscious encoding of information.
B) stored knowledge that has been semantically encoded.
C) the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information.
D) the retrieval of stored information in precisely the same form in which it was encoded.
E) recalling and retrieving information stored in the cerebral cortex.
26. After having a stroke, Aaron has great difficulty recalling any of his subsequent life experiences. He is most likely suffering from
A) long-term potentiation.
B) repression.
C) mood-congruent memory.
D) amnesia.
E) implicit memory.
27. The ability to learn something without any conscious memory of having learned it suggests the need to distinguish between
A) proactive interference and retroactive interference.
D) explicit memory and implicit memory.
B) short-term memory and long-term memory.
E) iconic memory and echoic memory.
C) recognition and recall.
28. For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience
most clearly illustrates ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) iconic
C) mood-congruent
D) implicit
E) echoic
29. Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.
A) recognition; recall
B) imagery; mnemonics
C) rehearsal; retrieval
D)
E)
retention; acquisition
priming; relearning
30. Superior memory for rap lyrics that include the most rhymes best illustrates the value of
A) priming.
D) the serial position effect.
B) the spacing effect.
E) acoustic encoding.
C) mood-congruent memory.
31. Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?
A) recognition
B) recall
C) relearning
D) rehearsal
E) imagery
32. Long-term potentiation refers to
A) the impact of overlearning on retention.
B) an automatic tendency to recall emotionally significant events.
C) an increase in a neuron's firing potential.
D) the process of learning something without any conscious memory of having learned it.
E) the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
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33. Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number.
Arnold's difficulty best illustrates
A) retroactive interference.
B) priming.
C) source amnesia.
D) proactive interference.
E) repression.
34. The serial position effect best illustrates the importance of
A) rehearsal.
B) chunking.
C) visual imagery.
D) automatic processing.
35. Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?
A) echoic memory
B) short-term memory
C) long-term memory
36. Rehearsal is to encoding as retrieval cues are to
A) chunking.
B) relearning.
C) priming.
D) repression.
E) flashbulb memory.
D) iconic memory
E) proactive memory
E) the spacing effect.
37. A modern information-processing model that views memories as emerging from particular activation patterns within neural networks
is known as
A) mnemonics.
D) automatic processing.
B) connectionism.
E) mood-congruent memory.
C) the peg-word system.
38. Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some old experiences with a junior high school boyfriend. The effect of the
novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of
A) priming.
B) chunking.
C) source amnesia.
D) automatic processing.
E) the spacing effect.
39. Stereotypes can often influence the form in which information is retrieved from long-term memory. This fact is most relevant to
appreciating the importance of
A) long-term potentiation.
D) the spacing effect.
B) automatic processing.
E) visual encoding.
C) memory construction.
40. We are more likely to remember the words “typewriter, cigarette, and fire” than the words “void, process, and inherent.” This best
illustrates the value of
A) long-term potentiation.
B) flashbulb memory.
C) imagery.
D) iconic memory.
E) priming.
41. Retroactive interference involves the disruption of
A) automatic processing.
B) iconic memory.
C) memory retrieval.
D) semantic encoding.
E) echoic memory.
42. Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from
a failure in
A) storage.
B) encoding.
C) rehearsal.
D) retrieval.
E) automatic processing.
43. Which measure of memory did Hermann Ebbinghaus use to assess the impact of rehearsal on retention?
A) recall
B) recognition
C) relearning
D) reconstruction
E) repression
44. We can encode many sensory experiences simultaneously, some automatically, because of which property of the brain?
A) serial position effect
B) parallel processing
C) explicit memory
D) long-term potentiation
E) priming
45. Visually associating five items needed from the grocery store with mental images of a bun, a shoe, a tree, a door, and a hive best
illustrates the use of
A) the spacing effect.
D) the peg-word system.
B) implicit memory.
E) serial position effect.
C) rosy retrospection.
46. As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are
Tanner's current thoughts being processed?
A) sensory memory
B) the cerebellum
C) working memory
D) echoic memory
E) long-term memory
47. The inability to recall which numbers on a telephone dial are not accompanied by letters is most likely due to
A) encoding failure.
B) the spacing effect.
C) retroactive interference.
D) source amnesia.
E) retrieval failure.
48. Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of
A) rosy retrospection.
B) an acronym.
C) the spacing effect.
D) the peg-word system.
E) long-term potentiation.
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