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PRACTICE
Unit 7A Memory Part 1
1. The three-stage processing model of memory was proposed by:
A) Atkinson and Shifrin.
B) Alexander Luria.
C) Alan Baddeley.
D) Shereshevskii.
E) Chomsky.
2. The three steps in memory information processing are:
A) input, processing, output.
B) input, storage, output.
C) input, storage, retrieval.
D) encoding, storage, retrieval.
E) encoding, retrieval, storage.
3. Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) implicit
C) mood-congruent
D) explicit
E) automatic
4. The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term storage involves
what is known as:
A) automatic processing.
B) implicit memory.
C) semantic encoding.
D) long-term potentiation.
E) working memory.
5. Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?
A) suddenly remembering to buy bread while standing in the checkout line at the grocery store
B) recalling the name of someone from high school while looking at his or her yearbook snapshot
C) remembering to make an important phone call
D) remembering what you were doing the day high school students were killed in Littleton, Colorado
6. The process of encoding refers to:
A) the persistence of learning over time.
B) the recall of information previously learned.
C) getting information into memory.
D) the motivated forgetting of painful memories.
E) a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
7. Automatic and effortful processing involve two types of:
A) encoding.
B) retrieval.
C) interference.
D) storage.
E) repression.
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8. In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Sheryl writes the word 30 times. She is using a
technique known as:
A) priming.
B) rehearsal.
C) the "peg-word" system.
D) chunking.
E) the method of loci.
9. The fact that our preconceived ideas contribute to our ability to process new information best illustrates
the importance of:
A) the serial position effect.
B) semantic encoding.
C) retroactive interference.
D) iconic memory.
E) repression.
10. Craik and Tulving experimentally demonstrated that people effectively remember seeing a specific word
after they decide whether that word fits into an incomplete sentence. This research highlighted the
effectiveness of:
A) the method of loci.
B) the "peg-word" system.
C) automatic processing.
D) semantic encoding.
E) the next-in-line effect.
11. We are more likely to remember the words "typewriter, cigarette, and fire" than the words "void, process,
and inherent." This best illustrates the value of:
A) long-term potentiation.
B) flashbulb memory.
C) visual encoding.
D) iconic memory.
12. A mnemonic device is a:
A) mental picture.
B) test or measure of memory.
C) technique for encoding language sounds.
D) memory aid.
E) word, event, or place that triggers a memory of the past.
13. As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize themselves moving
through familiar locations. They were making use of:
A) the serial position effect.
B) the next-in-line effect.
C) implicit memory.
D) the method of loci.
E) the spacing effect.
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14. Chunking refers to:
A) getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery.
B) the effortless processing of familiar information to get it into long-term memory storage.
C) the combined use of automatic and effortful processing to ensure the retention of unfamiliar
information.
D) the organization of information into meaningful units.
15. The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image
disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however,
he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates
________ memory.
A) iconic
B) flashbulb
C) implicit
D) echoic
E) state-dependent
16. For a moment after hearing his dog's highpitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the
dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) iconic
C) mood-congruent
D) implicit
E) echoic
17. "The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) explicit
C) flashbulb
D) implicit
E) sensory
18. Walter Penfield observed that electrical stimulation of the brains of wide-awake patients sometimes led
them to report vivid recollections. Penfield incorrectly assumed that:
A) his patients were inventing false memories.
B) the brain's total storage capacity is very limited.
C) the brain's physical memory trace decays gradually over time.
D) everything we learn is permanently stored in the brain.
19. Long-term potentiation is a(n):
A) elimination of anxiety-producing thoughts from conscious awareness.
B) disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information.
C) process of getting information out of memory storage.
D) neural basis for memory.
20. Which of the following substances is most likely to facilitate the formation of new memories?
A) alcohol, which often makes people feel relaxed and uninhibited
B) Valium, a prescription drug that reduces tension and anxiety
C) marijuana, which sometimes produces feelings of euphoria
D) epinephrine, a physically and emotionally arousing hormone
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21. By shrinking the hippocampus, prolonged stress is most likely to inhibit the process of:
A) source misattribution.
B) proactive interference.
C) long-term memory storage.
D) repression.
22. Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best
illustrates ________ memory.
A) short-term
B) explicit
C) flashbulb
D) implicit
E) sensory
23. A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.
A) state-dependent
B) flashbulb
C) short-term
D) sensory
E) implicit
24. Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned verbal
information. Damage to the ________ is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of newly learned
visual designs.
A) right hippocampus; left hippocampus
B) left hippocampus; right hippocampus
C) left hippocampus; right cerebellum
D) right cerebellum; left cerebellum
E) left cerebellum; right cerebellum
25. Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________.
A) epinephrine; serotonin
B) skill memory; fact memory
C) automatic processing; effortful processing
D) long-term memory; short-term memory
E) hippocampus; cerebellum
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