Download Introduction to Healthcare Terminology

Chapter Four
Integumentary System
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1
Quote
“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine
percent perspiration”
–Thomas Edison
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Functions and Specialties

Function





First line of defense
Temperature regulation
Sensation
Synthesis of vitamin D
Elimination of waste

Specialties


Dermatology
Specialtist

Dermatologist
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Skin
(derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o, cut/o)
Diagram of the skin
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Layers of the Skin

Layers (strata)



Epidermis
Dermis/corium
Hypodermis/
subcutaneous layer
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Epidermis

Composition of the epidermis


Keratinocytes


Stratified squamous (squam/o) epithelium
• Basal (bas/o) layer: stratum germinativum
• Stratum corneum (corne/o)
Keratin
Melanocytes

Melanin
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Dermis


Composed of vascular connective tissue
Structures

Blood and lymphatic vessels
 Nerves
 Hair follicles (follicul/o)
 Sebaceous (sebac/o) and sudoriferous glands
(sudor/i)
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Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Tissue

Adipose tissue (adip/o)
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Clicker Question

The hair follicles are located in the:
A. dermis
B. epidermis
C. subcutaneous tissue

Answer:

A. dermis
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Glands

Sudoriferous glands (hidraden/o)






Pores
Perspiration (hidr/o)
Locations: Apocrine, Eccrine
Apocrine- axilla, groin
Eccrine- all over body
Sebaceous glands

Sebum (seb/o)
Enlarged
pores
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Hair and Nails
Hair Follicle

Hair (trich/o, pil/o)


Follicles (follicul/o)
• Shaft
• Papilla (papill/o)
Nails (onych/o, ungu/o)

Nail body
 Nail root
 Nail bed
 Lunula (looks like a white moon!)
 Eponychium (cuticle)
The nail
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Did You Know?


Did you know that as the ability to see smaller and
smaller body structures became possible, early
anatomists named them according to what they
resembled that was already named. For example, the
nipple was the first structure called a papilla. Later,
the term papilla was also used to name the projecting
capillaries at the bottom of a hair shaft, the conicalshaped entrance to the optic nerve, and the taste
buds on the tongue.
Be Careful! Do not confuse papill/o, meaning papilla
or “nipple,” with papul/o, meaning pimple.
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Clicker Question

Which layer of the skin is largely avascular?
A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. Subcutaneous

Answer:

A. epidermis
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Terms Related to Skin Lesions

Definition of lesion


Primary

Any visible, localized
abnormality of the
skin

Ones that initially
occur as the result of
trauma or disease
Secondary

Those that have
evolved from their
primary form
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Terms Related to Primary Lesions

Nod/-ules


Cysts


Nodule filled with a
semisolid material
Tumors


Palpable, solid lesion
less than 2cm
Nodule more than
2cm
Hemat/-omas

Collection of
extravasated blood
trapped in the tissues
palpable to the
examiner
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Terms Related to Primary Lesions
(cont’d)

Petechia


Ec-chym/-osis


Tiny ecchymosis within the
dermal layer (found around
eyes after vomiting)
Hemorrhage or leaking of
blood into the subcutaneous
tissue
Purpur/-a

Massive hemorrhage into the
tissues under the skin
Ecchymosis
From Moll: Rheumatology, ed 3, Churchill-Livingstone
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Terms Related to Primary Lesions
(cont’d)

Macules


Papules


Flat blemish or discoloration less than
1cm (freckles)
Raised solid skin lesion less than 1cm
(pimple)
Wheals

Circumscribed, elevated papule caused
by localized edema (bug bite)
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Terms Related to Primary Lesions
(cont’d)

Vesicles/bullae


Pustules


Circumscribed, eleveated lesion
containing fluid and smaller than
1/2cm (bug bite)
Superficial, elevated lesion
containing pus (acne)
Tel/angi/-ectasia

Permanent dilation of groups of
superficial capillaries and venules
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Terms Related to Secondary Lesions

A-troph/-y


Cicatrix


Dried serum, blood, and/or pus
Fissure


Keloid
A scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of
an injury
Eschar


A scar (from a bug bite or similar)
Keloid


Paper thin wasted skin (seen in elderly)
From Habif: Clinical dermatology, ed 4,
Mosby
Cracklike lesion of the skin
Ulcer

Circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or
mucous membrane resulting tissue death, that can
accompany an inflammatory, infectious , or
malignant process
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Clicker Question

The term for a blister is a/an:
A. cyst
B. papule
C. pustule
D. Vesicle

Answer:

D. Vesicle
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Terms Related to Dermatitis
and Bacterial Infections





A-top/-ic dermat/-itis
Cellul/-itis
Contact dermat/-itis
Eczema
Follicul/-itis
Cellulitis of upper leg
From Black and Hawks: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 7, Mosby
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Terms Related to Dermatitis and
Bacterial Infections (cont’d)

Furuncle




Impetigo
Pil/onid/-al cyst
Seb/orrheic dermat/itis


Carbuncle (two
furuncles connected
by tunnel)
Cradle cap
Furuncle
From Seidel: Mosby’s guide to physical examination, ed 6,
Mosby
Pruritus
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Terms Related to Yeast and Fungal
Infections


Candidiasis (also
moniliasis)
Dermat/omyc/osis

Tinea
• Capit/is
• Corpor/is
• Crur/is
• Ped/is
candidiasis
From the CDC
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Terms Related to Parasitic
Infestations


Pedicul/osis
Scabies
Lice in the hair
From Callen: Color Atlas of dermatology, ed 3, Saunders
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Clicker Question

A combining form for fungus is:
A. onych/o
B. myc/o
C. sudor/i
D. my/o

Answer:

B. myc/o
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Terms Related to Disorders of the
Hair Follicles and Sebaceous Glands

Acne vulgar/-is





Comedones
Alopecia
Hyper-trich/-osis (hirsutism)
Kerat/-in-ous cyst
Milia (clogged oil glands)
Alopecia
From Hill: Skin disorders, Mosby
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Terms Related to
Viral Infections


Exanthemat/-ous
diseases
(maculopapular rash)
Herpes simplex virus
(HSV)




Herpes zoster
From Callen et al: Color atlas of dermatology, ed 2, Saunders
HSV-1 (cold sores)
HSV-2 (genital)
Herpes zoster
Verruca (warts)
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Terms Related to Scaling Papular
Diseases

Psoriasis
Psoriasis
From Bork: Skin disease in clinical practice, ed 2, Saunders
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Terms Related to Cornification and
Pressure Injuries




Callus
Corn/clavus
Decubitus ulcer/
pressure sore/
bedsore/
pressure ulcer
Ichthy/-osis

Xeroderma
Stage 4 decubitus ulcer
From Elkin et al: Nursing interventions and clinical skills, ed 3, Mosby
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Terms Related to Pigmentation
Disorders


Albin/-ism
Dyschromia

Hyperchromia
 Hypochromia

Vitiligo
Vitiligo
From Lewis: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 7, Mosby
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Terms Related to Disorders of
Sweating




Anhidrosis
Hidradenitis
Hyperhidrosis
Miliaria
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Terms Related to Disorders of the
Nails






Onychia
Onychocryptosis
Onycholysis
Onychomalacia
Onychomycosis
Paronychia
Onychomycosis
From Conlan and Snydman: Mosby’s color atlas and text of infectious diseases, 2000,
Mosby
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Clicker Question

The term that means an abnormal condition
of fungus in the nails is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
hyperhidrosis
onychomycosis
trichomycosis
onychocryptosis
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Burns

Degrees of burns





First/superfical thickness
Second
• Superficial partial thickness
• Deep partial thickness
Third/full thickness
Fourth/deep full thickness
Eschar
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Burns: Rule of Nines
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1st degree burn
Burns
2nd degree burn
3rd degree burn
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Clicker Question

The epidermis only is damaged in which type
of burn?
A.
B.
C.
D.
superficial partial thickness
deep partial thickness
superficial thickness
full thickness
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Terms Related to Benign Skin
Growths

Angioma



Hemangioma
Dermatofibroma
Lipoma
Hemangioma
From Habif: Clinical dermatology, ed 4, 2008, Mosby
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Terms Related to Benign Skin
Tumors (cont’d)

Dysplastic nevus




Nevus
Dysplastic
• ABCDE
Seborrheic keratosis
Skin
tags/acrochordons
Dysplastic nevus
From Goldman et al: Cecil textbook medicine, ed 23, Saunders
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Terms Related to Malignant
Neoplasms




Basal cell carcinoma
(BCC)
Squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC)
Malignant melanoma
Kaposi sarcoma
(KS) (common is pt
with AIDS)
Squamous cell carcinoma
From Damjanov: Pathology for the health professions, ed 3, Saunders
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Clicker Question

A fatty tumor is a/n:
A. dermatofibroma
B. dysplastic nevus
C. acrochordon
D. lipoma
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Age Matters
Pediatrics






Impetigo
Acne
Seborrheic dermatitis
Cellulitis
Pediculosis
Burns
Geriatrics








Corns
Calluses
Pressure sores
Eczema
Actinic keratosis
Cellulitis
Fungal infections
Neoplasms
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Terms Related to Biopsies (Bx)





Excisional biopsy
Exfoliation
Incisional biopsy
Needle aspiration
Punch biopsy
Youtube link:
http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=7CzDE
ok8Wmo
Punch biopsy
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Terms Related to Laboratory Tests




Bacterial analyses
Fungal tests
Sweat tests
Tuberculosis (TB)
skin tests
Sweat test
From Mosby's medical dictionary, ed 6, Mosby
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Terms Related to Laboratory Tests
(cont’d)




Tzanck test (hsv
cells)
Viral culture
Wood’s light
examination
Wound and
abscess cultures
From Wilson: Health assessment for nursing practice, ed 3, Mosby
Wood’s light
examination
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Clicker Question

Which type of examination technique is used
to determine if a patient has either herpes
simplex or herpes zoster?
A.
B.
C.
D.
viral culture
wound and abscess culture
Tzanck test
Wood’s light examination
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Terms Related to Grafting
Techniques

Skin grafting (SG)



Dermatome
Graft sources
• Autograft
• Allograft
• Xenograft
Types of grafts
• Flap
• Split-thickness skin
graft (STSG)
• Full-thickness skin
graft
Autograft
From Black and Hawks: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 7, Saunders
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Terms Related to Other Therapies



Laser therapy
Occlusive therapy
Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy
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Terms Related to Tissue Removal




Cauterization
Cryosurgery
Curettage
Debridement
Youtube link:
http://www.yo
utube.com/w
atch?v=6sJ_
p5zNl3M
Curettage
From HabifL Clinical dermatology, ed 4, Mosby
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Decubitus Ulcers

Inflammation, ulcer, or
sore in the skin over a
bony prominence.
Most often seen in
ages, debilitated,
cachectic, or
immobilized patients;
pressure ulcers or
sores are graded by
stages of stages
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Terms Related to Tissue Removal
(cont’d)




Escharotomy
Incision and
drainage (I&D)
Mohs surgery
Shaving/paring
Escharotomy
From Monahan et al: Phipp’s medical-surgical nursing, ed 8, Mosby
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Terms Related
to Cosmetic Procedures




Blepharoplasty
Chemical peel
Dermabrasion
Dermatoplasty
Dermabrasion
From Fewkes et al: Illustrated atlas of cutaneous atlas, Churchill-Livingstone
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Terms Related
to Cosmetic Procedures (cont’d)



Lipectomy
Liposuction
Rhytidectomy
Liposuction
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Clicker Question

What is the destruction of tissue by burning?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cauterization
cryosurgery
débridement
Mohs surgery
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Pharmacology,
Routes of Administration





Hypodermic (H)
Intradermal (ID)
Subcutaneous
Topical
Transdermal
therapeutic system (TTS)
From Ignatavicius: Medical-surgical nursing, ed 5, Saunders
ID injection
Subcutaneous injection
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Pharmacology





Anesthetics
Antibacterials
Antifungals
Antihistamines
Antiinflammatories
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Pharmacology (cont’d)






Antipsoriatics
Antiseptics
Antivirals
Emollients
Immunomodulators/immunosuppressants
Keratolytics
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Pharmacology (cont’d)




Pediculicides
Protectives
Retinoids
Scabicides
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Pharmacology (cont’d)


Aloe vera
Tea tree oil
Aloe plant
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Clicker Question

Which type of medication is used to treat lice?
A.
B.
C.
D.
retinoids
scabicides
pediculicides
antivirals
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Sort these terms into their correct
categories.
Terms
Categories
1. clavus
2. paronychia
3. melanin
4. xenograft
5. needle aspiration
__ A + P
__ Pathology
__ Diagnostic Procedures
__ Therapeutic
Interventions
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Parting Thought
“Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.”
–Aristotle
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