Download Direct Object Pronouns

Direct Object Pronouns
The object that directly receives
the action of the verb is called the
direct object.

Javier hit the ball.
"Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit.“

Susana reads the book.
"Book" receives the action of the verb
"reads."
The direct object answers the question "what?" or
"whom?" with regard to what the subject of the
sentence is doing
Javier hit the ball.
Javier hit what?
Javier hit the ball.
 Susana hit Javier.
Susana hit whom?
Susana hit Javier.

When the pronoun replaces the name of the
direct object, use the following pronouns
me (me)
te (you-familiar)
lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)
nos (us)
os (you-all-familiar)
los, las (them, you-all-formal)
However, if the direct object of the sentence
changes to a masculine noun, the masculine
pronoun must be used

Juan lo tiene.

Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.
Juan lo tiene. = John has it.
Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence
changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun
must be used.
María los tiene.
 María tiene = Mary has
María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.
María los tiene. = Mary has them.

Look at how Spanish and English are different



"It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la
"Tengo" one word in Spanish = two
words in English (I have)
The word order is different. In Spanish,
the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the
verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes
after the verb.
Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run
into much bigger problems

eat it. (the soup - la sopa)
I = Yo
I eat = Yo como
I eat it. = Yo como la.

This is completely incorrect!
Now, some examples of plural direct
objects.

Juan come dos sándwiches.
Los come. or Juan los come.

María tiene tres libros.
Los tiene. or María los tiene.

El chico compra dos revistas.
Las compra. or El chico las compra.
Now, some examples where the
direct object is a person

I know you.
Te conozco.

She loves him.
Ella lo ama.

She loves me.
Ella me ama.

Juan sees her.
Juan la ve.

They call us.
Ellos nos llaman.

We call them.
Los llamamos.
In a negative sentence with one verb, the direct
object pronoun is placed between the negative
word and the conjugated verb.




Affirmative Sentence
I buy the books.
Compro los libros.
Los compro. (I buy them.)
Negative Sentence
I don't buy the books.
No compro los libros.
No los compro. (I don't buy them.)
Indirect Object Pronouns

The indirect object (IO) tells us where the
direct object (DO) is going.

He gives the book to María.
DO=Book
Where is the book going?
To María.
IO=María


The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or
"For whom?" the action of the verb is performed

Sentences that have an indirect object
usually also have a direct object.
When a pronoun takes the place of the name of
the indirect object, use the following pronouns
me (me)
te (you-familiar)
le (him, her, you-formal)
nos (us)
os (you-all-familiar)
les (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the
indirect object pronoun comes immediately before
the conjugated verb

Juan me compra un regalo.
John buys me a gift.
John buys a gift for me.

Juan te compra un regalo.
John buys you a gift.
John buys a gift for you.

Juan le compra un regalo.
John buys her a gift.
John buys a gift for her.

Juan nos compra un regalo.
John buys us a gift.
John buys a gift for us.
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because
they are ambiguous. That is, they can stand for different things
le
to (for)
to (for)
to (for)
 les
to (for)
to (for)

him
her
you-formal
them
you-all-formal
.

Ella le escribe una carta.
She writes him a letter.
She writes her a letter.
She writes you (formal) a letter.
Since le and les can mean more than one
thing, a prepositional phrase is often added
to remove the ambiguity.

Ella le escribe a Juan una carta.

Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta.

Ella le escribe a usted una carta.

Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta.
Let's sum up the important points of
this lesson





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The IO tells us where the DO is going.
The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for whom."
Sentences that have an IO usually also have a DO
Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is implied, or
understood.
The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les.
Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb.
Think in phrases, do not translate word-for-word.
Le and les are ambiguous.
Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis.
In sentences with two verbs, there are two options
regarding the placement of the indirect object
pronoun.

Place it immediately before the conjugated verb

Attach it directly to the infinitive
Ejemplos

Me necesitas dar un regalo.
You need to give me a gift.

Te necesito comprar un sombrero.
I need to buy you a hat.

Juan nos debe prestar el dinero.
Juan must lend us the money.
Here are examples of the indirect object pronoun
attached directly to the infinitive

Necesitas darme un regalo.
You need to give me a gift.

Necesito comprarte un sombrero.
I need to buy you a hat.

Juan debe prestarnos el dinero.
Juan must lend us the money.
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Used
Together

When you have both a direct object pronoun
and an indirect object pronoun in the same
sentence, the indirect object pronoun comes
first.
Ejemplos
Ellos me los dan.
They give them to me.
IO pronoun: me
DO pronoun: los
 Ella te la vende.
She sells it to you.
IO pronoun: te
DO pronoun: la

Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter "l" change
the first pronoun to "se."
le lo = se lo
le la = se la
le los = se los
le las = se las
les lo = se lo
les la = se la
les los = se los
les las = se las
In negative sentences, the negative word comes directly
before the first pronoun

No se lo tengo.
I don't have it for you.

Nunca se los compro.
I never buy them for her.
Because the pronoun se can have so many meanings, it is often
helpful to clarify it by using a prepositional phrase

Él se lo dice.
Ambiguous. He tells it to (whom?).

Él se lo dice a Juan.
He tells it to him. (to Juan)

Él se lo dice a María.
He tells it to her. (to María)
In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the
placement of the pronouns. Place them immediately before the conjugated
verb or attach them directly to the infinitive
.

I want to tell it to you.
Te lo quiero decir.
Quiero decírtelo.

You need to send it to them.
Se la necesitas enviar a ellos.
Necesitas enviársela a ellos

Note that when attaching the pronouns to
the infinitive, a written accent is also
added to the final syllable of the infinitive.
This preserves the sound of the infinitive.

When the pronouns are attached to the
infinitive, make the sentence negative by
placing the negative word directly before
the conjugated verb.
Ejemplos

Ella debe explicármelo.
Ella no debe explicármelo.

Quiero decírtelo.
No quiero decírtelo.

Necesitas enviársela a ellos.
No necesitas enviársela a ellos.
When the pronouns come before the conjugated verb, make the
sentence negative by placing the negative word directly before the
pronouns.

Te lo quiero decir.
No te lo quiero decir.

Se la necesitas enviar a ellos.
No se la necesitas enviar a ellos.
Ahora
 !!!Es
hora de practicar!!!!