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ISLAM
I. Muslims believe that Muhammad was a Prophet . I prophet (in mono-theism) is a messenger of God.
Muslims believe that there were many other prophets like Jesus and Moses, but that MUHAMMAD WAS THE LAST
PROPHET.
2000BC Judaism-------------------------------------------33AD Jesus Died (Christianity)-----------610 AD
The Jewish people believe
they are God’s chosen
people.
They believe that God will
send a Messiah
(Teacher/leader) to gather
up the Jews and bring peace
to God’s people. They do not
believe that Jesus was that
promised Messiah.
Muhammad
receives messages
from the Angel
Gabriel.
ISLAM teaches that All of
The Jewish prophets and Jesus
were sent to bring
Messages from God.
They believe that
Muhammad is the last and
greatest of these prophets.
Only Christians believe
that Jesus is the son of
God and the Christ (the
promised savior ) of the
world.
Christianity teaches that
there are no more
revelations after the
Bible is put together in
the 300’s
(I
These religions have different opinions on many things but they all are MONO-theistic!
II. Muslims (The people that believe in Islam) do many things to help them to always think about Allah
(obligatory acts):
1.They profess (declare, admit) that ,“There is no god but God and that Muhammad is his messenger.”
2. They give a portion of all they own to the poor (giving alms). Alms: Money or things that are given to the poor.
3. They pray 5 times a day.(They wash before praying.)
4. One time in their life they return to the place where the angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad. That place is
MECCA.
5. During one month of the year (The month called RAMADAN), Muslims go without eating from Sun-rise to sunset (Fasting).
Islamic people call these the FIVE PILLARS of their faith. (They provide the structure for their faith.)
III. The Muslims also valued education and the sciences. They were more advanced than those around them when
it came to the topic of medicine.
1.They built the first hospitals.
2. They made a catalog of the different drugs they used.
3. They described different diseases.
IV. Gold Salt Trade Controlled by the Muslim traders.
Mali Vs. Ghana
The
Niger
River
Made
A
Great
Trade
Route.
 The gold for salt trade was first controlled by the kingdom of called Ghana 750 C.E. to 1076.
 The area was conquered and was then called Mali (1230 CE to 1600).
 Mali was just bigger and it controlled more of the Niger River so it could use it as a more efficient
trade route..
 They were both in the same area where the gold was. The economies of both Ghana and Mali
depended on the Salt for Gold trade to make money to keep their kingdoms running (“Trans-Saharan
Trade”). They collected taxes on every load of salt or gold that passed through the kingdom.
 How do we know that they taxed each load if the people in Sub-Saharan Africa were illiterate?
Muslim traders kept journals that tell us what they saw. Here is one example(A primary source
document):
V. “On every donkey load of salt when it is brought into the country, their king levies (taxes) one golden
dinar (coin) and two golden dinars when it is sent out.”
This quote shows us their ECONOMIC system. It shows us how they made the traders pay taxes as they
passed through. (The words that we use as evidence have arrows drawn towards them.)
This money paid for their army and other needs in the kingdom. The armies then made sure that the trade
routes were safe to use.
Vocabulary: (Economics) the management of the resources, finances, income,
Vocabulary: Trans-Saharan= across the Sahara.
VI. Trade with Islamic people changed the culture of Sub-Saharan Africa.

This trans-Saharan trade brought new ideas to the tribal people that lived in WEST AFRICA as the trading of
gold and salt increased..
Basically, Islamic traders took their religion with them every where they went. They needed places to pray 5 times
each day so they built Mosques. (A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam.)
Mono-theistic= belief in 1 God.
Poly-theistic= belief in many gods
A mosque from West Africa in 1300 AD.
Traders began to move into the kingdoms and stay. They shared their belief system so more and more people
changed from being polytheistic to believing in ALLAH (monotheism) which eventually spread Islam throughout
Western Africa.
West Africa-spread through Sub-Saharan trade.
Islam spread by Sea Trade to the Eastern Shore of Africa.
Since they had the obligation to pray 5 times a day they built mosques, Here is anothere written primary source
that a Muslim from Spain wrote down in 1068. It talks about how wide spread the RELIGION of Islam was in Ghana.
VII. “The city of Ghana consists of two towns, which is inhabited with Muslims. One of these towns is large and
possesses 12 mosques in which they assemble for Friday prayer. In these mosques there are religious leaders,
muezzins (men who call Muslims to prayer) as well as scholars.”
VII. Islamic traders also shared their written
language (Arabic) with the West Africans.
The Quran (The Islamic Holy Book) is written in ARABIC.
This meant that West Africans also became literate.
So TRANS:SAHARAN TRADE:
1. Brought economic growth to Sub-Saharan Africa (The Area by the Niger River.)
2. Created an Islamic population in Sub-Saharan Africa
3. Increased the amount of trade that went on between the Mediterranean area and the area below the Sahara
desert.
VIII. The Americas: Mayans Aztecs and Incas

The Maya and Aztecs both had correct (accurate) calendars which had 365 days in one year.
Aztec Calendar

Mayan Calendar
The Incas lived in the Andes Mountains in South America
and believed that the Sapa Inca and his family were the direct descendents of the sun god, Inti.
IX. The Aztecs had many more warriors than the Spanish did but the Spanish still won at the siege of
Tenochtitlan. It was because they got the enemies of the Aztecs to come and help them fight (They became allies.)
X. The Romans
The Romans were very smart but they also made many mistakes as they tried to defend a large empire with
many unprotected borders. (More land requires a larger army and armies cost money.Where does this money
come from? Usually the people are heavily taxed or the leaders cut back on providing the services the people
need= eventual decline of an empire.)
XI. Luckily, one wise emperor named Constantine moved the capitol of the Roman Empire to a port city named
Byzantium. He renamed it Constantinople. The Barbarians never were able to get the well defended city so Roman
ways and their writing (Latin) were preserved (Kept safe). The center of Roman POWER SHIFTED away from Rome
and OVER TO THE EAST.



Examples:
The Romans were great engineers (designers). They built huge aqueducts to bring fresh water into the
cities.
They had ideas about government that we copied when we created the laws for our country.
(Citizens have certain rights that the government has to respect.)
They used the language that is the basis for many languages in the world. LATIN prefixes and suffixes
are added to words in many different languages.
Inter -action (accion)
Poly - theistic (teísta) Poli - Gamy (marriage) gamia
Give this undamaged copy back to Ms.Collins. She needs to save them for next
year!