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Blueprint of an integrated questionnaire for the Food Beverage and Agriculture (FBA) sector Consultation document This document offers a blueprint for an integrated questionnaire for organizations that rely on naturally occurring ‘inputs’ or natural capital for products and/or services (including textiles and apparel) related to food, beverages and agriculture. Revenues, operational and capital costs, and asset value across the value chain of this business sector can be affected by changes in the state of natural capital, and their production and procurement practices may equally have a significant impact on environmental resources1 as well as contribute to important issues like global food security. The aim of an integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector is to promote environmentally sustainable food, beverage and agriculture value chains. This encompasses promoting sustainable production, manufacturing and procurement, distribution and retail/consumption practices. The intention is to motivate companies to adopt more holistic impact reduction strategies across several environmental themes viewed through a business risk management lens. Using this approach, CDP will aim: To reduce emissions from relevant sources and promote climate change adaptation; To remove deforestation and forest degradation ; and To eliminate the negative effects of water use and promote company participation in integrated water resource management (IWRM). How and when will this work be taken forward? Comments on this blueprint are requested from all stakeholders between 1 September and 21 September 2015. Once the consultation period is over, CDP will review the comments. Please note the proposals presented in this document are not final, therefore do not reflect the exact questions or changes that will form any final integrated FBA questionnaire. Any implementation of a new approach will be dependent on funding as well as the development of a CDP’s Online Response System. CDP is taking this opportunity to explore approaches to integration and reach a consensus on the future of this work. Should the consultation reveal that an integrated approach is meaningful for the FBA sector, plans to roll out this work will not be implemented before 2017. Please note: CDP does not currently have funding to implement an integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector. Feedback from consultation on this blueprint is intended to underpin future funding proposals as well help focus further research for this business sector. Feedback is requested through the online feedback form that accompanies this document. To access the feedback form, please copy and paste the following URL into a new window in your browser: http://goo.gl/forms/ZRFI7dVL2W For reference you may wish to access the 2015 version of the climate change, water and forests questionnaire: 1 For more information, see https://www.cdp.net/Documents/technical/2015/FBA-dependency-andimpacts.pdf 1 Click here to view the 2015 climate change questionnaire Click here to view the 2015 water questionnaire Click here to view the 2015 forests questionnaire We invite comment on the blueprint and specific questions detailed in this consultation document from: Investors and financial analysts; FBA organizations responding to CDP; Data aggregators and providers; NGOs and governmental bodies working on related issues; CDP’s service partners2. Why would FBA companies want to provide feedback on this approach? In 2014, over 700 companies received more than one investor-led information request from CDP. CDP’s investor-led programs are currently targeting 440 companies in the FBT & food retail industries - 137 food retail companies and 303 FBT companies (excluding selfselecting companies3). Out of these 440 companies, 326 are asked to report on climate change, 240 on forests, and 146 on water in 2014. Companies participating in the FBA pilot earlier this year expressed concerns over expanding into other areas of natural capital without re-evaluating how current CDP information requests can be better aligned to reduce reporting burden for their sector. This consultation is an opportunity for companies to positively influence how CDP takes this work forward early on. Why would investors want to provide feedback on this approach? As an important CDP stakeholder we are keen to hear feedback from all investor signatories during our annual public consultation process. We would welcome information on whether our proposed approach to collating data for this important business sector would provide relevant data to assess and manage your portfolio risk. What are we hoping to achieve through this consultation? The aim of the development of an integrated approach for the FBA sector is to evaluate whether it is possible to create a questionnaire that achieves our overall aim plus an appropriate balance between the guiding principles listed above. Specifically, the public consultation will seek to ascertain: Whether it is meaningful to collect this information through a single information request; How to balance promoting integrated thinking with collecting data that is granular enough to be of value to data users; and If an integrated approach is a viable way forward for CDP’s sector strategy. 2 CDP works with accredited service providers to deliver operational benefits to responding companies. 3 Self-selecting companies are companies who choose to respond to CDP questionnaires rather than being requested by an authority e.g. investor or customer. 2 Introduction and summary of changes Between November 2014 and February 2015, CDP undertook a pilot with companies in the food, beverage and agriculture (FBA) value chain as a part of a project to explore the implementation of CDP’s sector strategy. The aim was to investigate whether CDP should expand its current coverage by considering aspects of natural capital beyond climate change, water and forests for companies in a bid to deepen our understanding of this sector’s interaction with the environment. As companies in this sector receive CDP’s climate change, water and forests information requests, as well as the request to disclose information through the food beverage and tobacco (FBT) climate change module, a related aim of the pilot was to assess how duplication and repetition through multiple questionnaires could be reduced for this sector in future. The feedback received from the pilot revealed that while additional areas of natural capital, such as biodiversity and soil, are highly relevant to companies in this sector, understanding how to collect the most relevant information across environmental issues without increasing reporting burden is key to moving ahead with a sector specific approach. Therefore, CDP is exploring the integration of the climate change, water and forests questionnaires for FBA companies in the second phase of the project. The work on integration for this sector is guided by the following principles: Relevance: Increasing relevance of questions to companies, and data to investors; Encourage integrated thinking and action: Highlighting linkages between environmental themes and encourage integrated thinking and action; Meaningful data and assessment: Collecting data that is granular enough to provide the insight stakeholders require and assesses companies in a meaningful way; Make it easier to disclose: Reducing the reporting burden on companies. Challenges in creating an integrated CDP questionnaire There are several challenges associated with creating an integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector. These are outlined below with possible solutions suggested that have been adopted within the blueprint presented. Please keep these in mind while reviewing the blueprint and consider your feedback within the context of these challenges. 1. Global versus local data collation: One of the challenges that must be addressed within the context of an integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector is the scale of the three environmental areas CDP collects information on – climate change, deforestation, and water security – and how to collate material information for all three areas without introducing reporting burden. The approach taken has been to consider the value of corporate level information versus local information for each stage of an organization’s value chain and how each type of information will catalyze the behavior we wish to promote. At different sections of the integrated questionnaire we should aim to balance the need for specific local information (for example for risk and response reporting) with a corporate level narrative which is sufficient in response. This approach should assist CDP in collecting relevant information that is useful for decision-making by investors, policy-makers and other data users. 2. Relationship between environmental areas covered by CDP: In order to integrate the three environmental issues CDP currently focuses on, it is important and useful to understand their relationship within the context of the FBA sector. This will help determine 3 key data points from our climate change, water, and deforestation datasets that will help to drive sustainable practices and behavior from organizations. For example, land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is a key driver of GHG emissions, and also depends both on water and has significant impacts on water. Also, watershed management and protection, including sustainable forest management, can be key to managing GHG emissions and water impacts in FBA value chains. For this reason, leading questions in each module should generally be kept broad and not linked to one specific environmental theme allowing organizations to tell an integrated narrative, for example about their risk assessment procedures, or how they have responded to inter-related environmental risks. CDP acknowledges that more specific narratives and metrics per environmental theme will still be required in some sections of the questionnaire to provide meaningful data and these will be introduced based on the stages of the value chain that are relevant to each organization (please see blueprint below for illustration). 3. Consolidating multiple questionnaires: Within the context of each environmental theme (climate change, water security and deforestation), CDP currently requests a large number of detailed data points that may be necessary to assess performance within that environmental theme in isolation. However, in order to integrate these themes we must prioritize which data points are key to assess performance within each value chain stage for the FBA sector. Questions within each area will have to be removed, consolidated, or simplified to ensure CDP collects the most relevant information, while trying to minimize reporting burden. However in our attempts to reduce reporting burden we will always need to keep sight of our ultimate objective for an integrated questionnaire - to promote environmentally sustainable food, beverage and agriculture value chains – and will aim to strike a balance between achieving this and improving the reporting experience for organizations in this sector. The role of soft commodity reporting in an integrated FBA questionnaire Given CDP’s successful approach to corporate reporting on deforestation through forest risk commodities, it was considered whether FBA companies should be asked to report on the sustainability of their value chains through a soft commodity lens as this is how companies could quantify their dependency and impact on natural capital. This approach is used in CDP’s forests questionnaire, where information is collected through the lens of the four agricultural/forestry commodities responsible for most deforestation (forest-risk commodities). However, because this sector is associated with a wide range of potential business risks and environmental impacts not necessarily always linked to soft commodities, it has been decided that linking commodity information to every section of the questionnaire -as applied in the forests questionnaire- could be too restrictive. Instead, commodity information would be asked only in relevant parts of the questionnaire. For example to provide information on actions companies are taking on commodity-driven deforestation, and also to provide contextual information on the organization such as financial dependencies and exposure to operational risk. This would allow companies to focus on corporate processes for addressing inter-related environmental issues, including assessing and reporting risks, governance and target-setting. In addition to specific forest-risk commodities, CDP is considering asking companies to report information (where applicable within different sections of the questionnaire) on a predetermined list of soft commodities that are linked to detrimental impacts related to climate change and water security- such as wheat, rice, cotton, maize and sugar cane. A study supported by the European Commission in 2011 concluded that out of 160 crops studied, 4 these commodities collectively contribute to 49% of water scarcity and 42% of land resource stress caused by worldwide crop production. A pre-determined list of soft4 commodities would be first presented to the organization in the introduction module (please see question FBA0.5 in the blueprint below for question example). If any of these commodities are used by the organization, but the organization chooses not to disclose information on them, they would be requested to provide an explanation for non-disclosure. This commodity information may be used to pre-populate further questions. This information would be intended to highlight specific business risks such as operational risk arising from dependency on particular agricultural commodities, and drive response strategies linked to these business risks – such as supplier engagement and certification. 4 Hard commodities are those that are mined, such as gold, steel, and iron, while soft commodities are grown, or harvested. 5 BLUEPRINT FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION Figure 1: Blueprint of an integrated CDP questionnaire for the FBA sector incorporating climate change, water security and deforestation risk Business risks and impacts affecting the FBA sector Introduction Current State This module will set out the scope of disclosure and exclusions from disclosure. It will also serve to pre-select relevant questions throughout the rest of the integrated questionnaire. This module will provide more detail to the disclosure scope being reported helping to contextualize the information reported in subsequent sections by asking for measurement and monitoring metrics for all three CDP environmental themes where relevant to the value chain stages selected in the introduction module. Risk Assessment This module focuses on the crucial procedures of assessing business risk. It allows companies to report how they assess all inter-related environmental issues they are reporting on. Implications This module builds on the information from the current state and risk assessment modules to evaluate the consequences (risks and opportunities) for an organization related to interconnecting environmental factors e.g. climate change and water security or land use and water quality. Response This module is intended to provide evidence of good corporate governance as a proxy for sound risk management in order to achieve environmentally sustainable value chains. It includes information on corporate accountability, target and policy setting, traceability and engagement with stakeholders. Increased company resilience and environmentally sustainable food, beverage and agriculture value chains 6 Introduction: The introduction module will set out the scope of disclosure providing a snapshot of the company’s structure, role, and the stages of the value chain which best represent the organization’s area of operation. It will also serve to pre-select relevant questions throughout the rest of the integrated questionnaire, depending on the options chosen in this section. An organization may also explain why they are excluding parts of their value chain from their disclosure plus provide the reporting period for their disclosure. This section is also where companies could report which soft commodities they will be focusing on in the commodity-specific questions and be asked to report on any commodity exclusions from their disclosure. Please see the section on The role of soft commodity reporting in an integrated FBA questionnaire above for further information on the how commodity information will be captured in this blueprint. Examples of questions in the introduction module include: FBA0.1 Please give a general description and introduction to your organization FBA0.2 Please select the period for which you are reporting Reporting period From: [DD/MM/YYYY] FBA0.3 To: [DD/MM/YYYY] Please select the stages of the FBA value chain which best represent your organization’s area of operation. If your organization is diversified or vertically integrated, pleases select all that apply. Production [of raw materials] Processing Trading Manufacturing Retailing [This question will drive questions in several subsequent modules, including ‘Current State’, ‘Implications’ and ‘Response’] FBA0.4 Are there any parts of your value chain that are excluded from this disclosure? Yes No If Yes: FBA0.4a Please identify the parts of your value chain that are not included in your disclosure 7 FBA0.5 Do you produce or use inputs that contain any of the following commodities? Please complete the table Commodity A list of soft commodities with relevance to the sector and to climate change, deforestation and water security will be provided, for example: Produce/use commodity Select from: Yes No Don’t know Explanation if not disclosing but produce/use commodity Text field Cattle products Cotton Maize Palm oil Rice Soy Sugar Wheat Other (please specify) FBA0.5a Please confirm which commodities you will be disclosing on Please note: For the purpose of this consultation, from this point onwards the blueprint only includes examples of questions to assist with illustration and explanation. These questions may not be included in the same format or content in any future integrated questionnaire. This has been done to facilitate feedback on the general approach to an integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector rather than focus on the draft detail of the questions. Current State: This module will provide more detail to the disclosure scope being reported, helping to contextualize the information reported in subsequent sections by requesting measurement and monitoring metrics for all three CDP environmental themes. Reporting metrics in this module will be linked to the value chain stages selected in FBA0.3 in the introduction module. The metrics provided will be company-wide and will also include facility level monitoring and measurement questions that will be separated out based on the value chain stages selected. To ensure that companies answer the most relevant questions, an emphasis on where the greatest environmental impact may lie in an organization’s value chain will determine which metrics are presented to each organization. These types of metrics would include Scope 1 and 2 emissions, and any Scope 3 emissions for relevant categories, agriculture, processing and manufacturing, distribution and consumption/retail as applicable, or water accounting information on water withdrawals, consumption and discharges etc. Below are a couple of examples of how this might work: EXAMPLE 1: Beverage organizations within this business sector might be presented with questions on Scope 1 & 2 emissions data for their own operations and Scope 3 emissions from their supply chain. They may also be asked on the level of traceability for the agricultural commodities used by their organization. However as well as being presented with water accounting metrics for their direct operations they would also be asked about water management in their supply chain as this is often where their greatest water footprint lies. 8 EXAMPLE 2: In comparison, an organization whose primary activity is the growing of agricultural commodities might be asked to report water accounting metrics like water intensity per crop or irrigation method or management practices to protect irrigation water sources from contamination of agrochemicals and fertilizers. With regards to emissions, it will be encouraged to focus on Scope 1 & 2 emissions and include non-CO2 greenhouse gases from agricultural production where applicable, as well as other relevant value chain emissions. For the purpose of this consultation, the business impact questions from this module have not been detailed in this document. The business impact questions would be aligned with CDP’s forests and water questions on detrimental impacts already experienced (i.e. question W1.4 in water questionnaire and question F1.3 in the forest questionnaire). Risk assessment and procedures: This module focuses on the crucial procedures of assessing business risk. An example of a leading question for this module is: FBA2.1 Please describe your procedures with regard to assessing risks and opportunities driven by environmental factors Risk assessment procedure Text field Coverage For example: Direct operations Supply chain Partial direct operations Partial supply chain Customers Comment Text field Add Row This question allows companies to report on the processes they use to assess business risk and how these processes consider environmental issues. With this approach, CDP is aiming to motivate companies to think more holistically towards ensuring resilience in their value chain, rather than consider environmental risks in isolation or in relation to one particular commodity for example. Details of feedback loops between different risk dimensions (e.g. how does my agricultural practices contribute to both deforestation and protection of local water resources) could be reported as a narrative with specific information valued by investors being included in CDP’s guidance document and scoring methodology for reference. The subsequent questions for this module would ask for information on frequency of assessment and geographic scale, how far into the future risks are considered, tools and methodologies applied (e.g. WRI’s Aqueduct Tool, GFW Commodities, SPOTT, etc.) or why risks have not been assessed for these inputs, if applicable. Implications module: This section builds on the information from the current state and risk assessment sections to evaluate the consequences (risks and opportunities) for the organization and its stakeholders relating to environmental risk factors. To encourage more holistic thinking and responses, companies would be asked to identify and report stand-alone and interrelated risks (e.g. deforestation, soil erosion and/or water pollution as a result of poor farming practices) that could manifest into a potential business 9 impact (e.g. reduced water security for their manufacturing or reduced supply of a particular commodity). Then companies would be asked to report whether their response strategies tackle these risks in an integrated fashion or not and why. An example of a leading question for this module is: FBA3.1 Have you identified any inherent risks driven by environmental factors that have the potential to generate a substantive change in your business operations, revenue or expenditure? Tick all that apply. Risk Select all that apply: Risks driven by changes in physical parameters Risks driven by changes in or lack of regulation Reputational risks 10 Business risk driver Geographic scale Location Relationship to commodity if applicable Potential impact Description of impact Timeframe Direct operations / supply chain Likelihood Magnitude of impact Details of response strategy Cost associated with response strategy Dropdown list of risks For example: Global Region Country River basin Forest (concession) Farm Location coordinates (where applicable) Text box description of commodity element Text field Text field For example: Current Up to 1 year 1-3 years 4-6 years > 6 years Dropdown list Dropdown list Dropdown list Text field Text field Mill Plantation Forest management unit SAMPLE RISK TABLE Follow-on questions for the Implications section would follow a similar format to the water, forests and climate change questionnaires and request information on potential impact, timeframe, likelihood, magnitude, estimated financial implications, management methods, and management costs (see above). It is important to stress here that CDP would only be requesting information on risks that have the potential to generate a substantive change in business operations, revenue or expenditure. Value at risk type metrics e.g. proportion of global revenue linked to the materialization of a business risk would also be considered for inclusion in this module to help investors to understand an organization’s financial exposure to environmental factors. 11 Response module: This section is intended to provide evidence of good corporate governance as a proxy for sound risk management in order to achieve environmentally sustainable food, beverage and agriculture value chains. Key data would include: Governance & Strategy - Has an organization created systems and developed plans designed to improve and ensure its resilience to environmental risk? Traceability & assurance systems - Does an organization comply with applicable environmental regulations, benchmarks and standards? Targets - Has an organization set appropriate targets (quantitative) or goals (qualitative) related to sustainable value chains? Engagement - do organizations engage with stakeholders when setting targets or policy in order to achieve sustainable operational, procurement and consumption practices across their value chain? Governance & strategy: The Governance and strategy section asks questions on who has oversight of environmental issues and how these environmental issues influence current and future business strategy (including growth strategy). It would also aim to understand what policies and standards are in place that consider environmental issues and whether there are any challenges to adopting more sustainable practices, for example sustainable procurement policies for certain product lines. Examples of questions for this module include: FBA6.1 Please indicate where in your organization the highest level of responsibility falls for environmental issues Highest level of responsibility For example: Board or individual/subset of the Board or other committee appointed by the Board Senior Manager/Officer Other Manager/Officer No individual or committee with overall responsibility for environmental issues Other, please specify Name/position of individual or committee Text field Add rows for multiple answers 12 Frequency of briefing For example: Schedule d– quarterly Schedule d- annual Schedule d – twice per year Schedule d– monthly Other please specify Nature of engagement/environmental issue For example: Climate change, Water security, and/or Deforestation FBA6.3 Are environmentally sustainable practices integrated into your organization’s business strategy? Yes No FBA6.3 Does your organization have a policy that sets out clear goals and guidelines for action on the following? Please tick all that apply Topic For example: Watershed protection Reducing deforestation Climate change mitigation Sustainable agricultural commodity sourcing Biodiversity Other [please specify] Please explain FBA6.4 Do you have or expect any particular environmental standards in relation to your products and services? (This question could include ‘certification’ as a standard) FBA6.5 Please describe any key barriers or challenges to achieving an environmentally sustainable value chain and what measures would you adopt or allow to overcome them? Traceability & assurance systems: Questions in this section could be driven by the selection made in FBA0.3 in the introduction module to ensure that only those questions for each relevant stage of the value chain appear. Questions will be presented where appropriate by either individual environmental theme or to capture compliance information on systems or processes that may cover more than one environmental theme to allow reporting on interrelated environmental issues. For example, Climate change [Manufacturing] FBA8.1 Please indicate the verification/assurance status that applies to your reported Scope 1 emissions FBA8.2 Please indicate the verification/assurance status that applies to your reported Scope 2 emissions FBA8.3 Please indicate the verification/assurance status that applies to your reported Scope 3 emissions Deforestation risk and Water [Manufacturing, Retailing] FBA8.4 Do you have a system in place to track and monitor the origin of raw materials for your products? 13 FBA8.5 Please provide details on the level of traceability your organization has for your agricultural commodities. Targets: This section on targets would seek to encourage holistic thinking around sustainable operations, procurement and consumption and its related management, but would acknowledge that quantified targets are often set for separate environmental areas. Questions will be presented where appropriate by either individual environmental theme or to capture information on systems or processes that may cover more than one environmental theme plus a company’s motivation for setting these targets. Examples of questions for this section are: [please note these are for illustration purposes only; there may be some duplication across questions] Question relating to Climate change specifically FBA9.1 Did you have an emissions reduction or energy target that was active (ongoing or reached completion) in the reporting year? Question relating to Forests specifically FBA9.2 Do you have any quantified targets for third party certified materials in your direct operations and/or supply chain? Question relating to Water specifically FBA9.3 Do you have any company-wide targets (quantitative) or goals (qualitative) related to water? Questions that could apply to Deforestation risk, Climate change and Water separately or integrated FBA9.4 Has your organization made a commitment to source major agriculturalrelated inputs more sustainably? FBA9.5 Do you have any quantified targets for third party certified materials in your direct operations and/or supply chains? FBA9.6 Do you have any quantified targets for sustainable production and/or procurement, other than third party certification? Engagement: Questions in this section could include engagement with suppliers and external organizations. The emphasis would be on how companies engage with these organizations across interconnecting environmental issues, where there might be linkages and where there might be trade-offs when trying to set meaningful targets or policy to achieve an environmentally sustainable value chain. Questions could cover (this list is for illustration purposes only): Engagement with agricultural suppliers; Engagement with direct, second and third tier suppliers, including support and/or financial incentives; 14 Engagement with policy-makers; Engagement with river basin management authorities; Engagement with multi-stakeholder groups; Engagement with the wider market e.g. trade associations; Linkages and trade-offs between addressing different environmental issues within their value chain. END OF BLUEPRINT 15 Feedback is requested through the online feedback form that accompanies this document. To access the feedback form, please copy and paste the following URL into a new window in your browser: http://goo.gl/forms/ZRFI7dVL2W Public consultation questions: 1. We believe that an integrated CDP questionnaire for the FBA sector should be aiming to promote environmentally sustainable food, beverage and agriculture value chains. Do you have comments on this objective? 2. Are you in favor of CDP introducing an integrated questionnaire for FBA companies, replacing the three requests for information currently being sent to many of the companies in the sector? 3. Do you think it is possible to collect meaningful data for this sector using one integrated information request? If not, please suggest an alternative approach. 4. How do you think our proposed approach and/or questionnaire format could be strengthened to achieve our objective of promoting environmentally sustainable food beverage and agriculture value chains? 5. What do you think about using different value chain stages to separate out relevant reporting metrics on different environmental themes? Will this capture granular enough data that is meaningful to make decisions? 6. Is there merit in using business activities instead of value chain stages to allow more accurate matching of metrics? If so, what business activities should be included? 7. What do you think about soft commodity information being requested in a future integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector? Are there any specific data points on soft commodities you would like to see (that are consistent with the questionnaire’s aim)? 8. What do you think of the approach to allow FBA companies to report combined risks covering more than one environmental issue in addition to solo environmental risks in the implications module? Will this approach help to catalyze response strategies that address more than one environmental issue at a time and encourage holistic thinking? 9. Are there any environmental metrics related to sustainable operations, procurement and consumption practices not already considered within the 2015 questionnaires for climate change, forests and water that should be included in an integrated questionnaire for the FBA sector? 10. Currently the lens that is used to define this integrated questionnaire focuses on the three main environmental themes covered by CDP: climate change, water security and forests. Should this be expanded to look at additional environmental issues/ 16 natural capital areas that are relevant to the sector such as soil and biodiversity perhaps in the context of specific soft commodities? If you think they should be included, please also make specific suggestions. 11. The issue of food waste can be addressed in this integrated questionnaire through the focus of emission reduction efforts. Should the topic of food waste or disposal be incorporated into this integrated questionnaire in any other way? Please consider this in relation to the three environmental themes CDP already covers. 12. Should we include socio-economic indicators that are inextricably linked to our three environmental themes in our questions or restrict companies to reporting environmental information only? If you think they should be included, please make suggestions for socio-economic indicators that you consider are inextricably linked to climate change, water security and deforestation risk. 13. Do you have any other comments you would like to make? Fundraising: 14. CDP has not secured funding for the implementation of this questionnaire yet. If you are interested in funding the implementation of this work or connecting CDP to potential funders, please provide your contact details. 17