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Chapter 1 Study Guide – Introduction To Earth Science
1. For a scientific theory to be valid, it must
a. be well tested.
c. explain observable natural events.
b. be widely accepted.
d. all of the above
2. Earth's crust, mantle, and core make up the
a. geosphere.
c. atmosphere.
b. biosphere.
d. lithosphere.
3. A group of interacting parts that form a complex whole is
a. a theory.
c. a hypothesis.
b. a system.
d. the plate tectonic theory.
4. The sun's energy drives which of the following processes or events?
a. volcanic eruptions
c. earthquakes
b. hurricanes
d. mountain building
5. Which of Earth’s spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, and lakes?
a. atmosphere
c. hydrosphere
b. biosphere
d. geosphere
6. What are the three main parts of the geosphere?
a. atmosphere, crust, core
c. crust, mantle, core
b. lithosphere, mantle, core
d. asthenosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere
7. We can say that Earth is a system because all of its parts
a. represent separate closed systems.
b. interact.
c. were formed at the same time.
d. are powered by the same energy source.
8. Which of the following are powered by energy from Earth’s interior?
a. erosion
c. volcanoes
b. ocean circulation
d. weather
9. A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if
a. the entire scientific community accepts it.
b. the hypothesis is tested extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated.
c. there are no other competing hypotheses.
d. the hypothesis can be tested at least once.
Chapter 1 Study Guide – Introduction To Earth Science
10. Which of the following is NOT one of the main areas of Earth science?
a. geology
b. oceanography
c. astrology
d. astronomy
11. According to the nebular hypothesis, our solar system formed from a huge rotating
cloud made mostly of
a. carbon and hydrogen.
b. helium and hydrogen.
c. oxygen and helium.
d. nitrogen and oxygen.
12. Which of the following would be one of the interacting parts in a weather system?
a. weather satellite
b. clouds
c. tectonic plate
d. GPS unit
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
hypothesis
system
nebular
Earth
geosphere
asthenosphere
Sun
theory
constructive
subsystems
13. The ____________________ hypothesis suggests that our solar system evolved from
a huge rotating cloud.
14. Earth can be divided into four major spheres: the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the
__________________________, and the biosphere.
15. According to the theory of plate tectonics, _____________________ forces such as
volcanism and mountain building receive energy from Earth’s interior.
16. Earth as a system is made up of many ___________________ that interact.
17. A(n) ________________ is a group of interacting parts that form a complex whole.
Chapter 1 Study Guide – Introduction To Earth Science
18. The Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere are powered by the
___________________________.
19. Only after a hypothesis has been tested extensively can it become a scientific
__________________.
20. A group of sciences called ______________________ science deals with Earth and
its neighbors in space.
21. Earth’s lower mantle lies below the _______________________ .
22. The idea that Earth was the center of the universe is an example of a(n) ___________
that has long been discarded.
Short Answer
In no less than three (3) complete sentences, write the answer to the question on the lines provided.
23. Give two examples of human activities that affect Earth systems.
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24. Applying Concepts. Explain why oil, natural gas, and coal are considered
nonrenewable resources, whereas water and wind are considered renewable resources.
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