Download Document

Name:__________________________
Date:______________
Period:______
Ch. 17 and 18.3 and 18.4 Classification and Diversity
17.1 Linnean System of Classification
1. ___________________ ____________________ is the two name, naming system that scientists use
to name an organism. It consists of the organisms ________________ and _____________.
2. Genus is ____________________ and species is ______. Both are ________________________ or
_____________________. Write the human scientific name correctly.
3. What are the 7 taxons from largest to smallest.
4. In the past we classified organisms based on ________________________, but now we use
_______________________ ______________________.
17.2 Classification Based on Evolutionary relationships. (B. 8.2 Explain how organisms are
classified and named based on their evolutionary relationships into taxonomic categories. )
1. An evolutionary tree is also known as a ______________________. It shows how different groups of
species are related to each other. A ________________________ is a type of phylogeny.
2. __________________ is the method of analysis that reconstructs pylogenies by inferring
relationships based on _____________ characteristics.
2. Traits that some organisms share are called __________________ ________________. The more
closely related species are, the _______________ derived characters they will share.
3. Draw a phylogeny for a squid, horse, seal, lion and cat and put in the derived characters.
4. According to the phylogeny, is a seal more closely related to a squid or a horse?
5. In a cladogram, a ___________ is in the shape of a V and includes all the branches that extend from
the right end of the V.(shad in one clade on the phylogeny above) The _______________ is the
intersection of the branches. (circle a node above.)
17.3 Molecular Clocks (B.8.3 Use anatomical and molecular evidence to establish evolutionary
relationships between organisms).
1. Molecular clocks are models that use _______________ rates to measure ____________________
time. The more mutations between 2 species, the ________________________ they have been
separated from each other.
2. We not only compare ________ for biochemical analysis, but we look at _____________, such a
cytochrome c to compare differences among organisms.
3. The nucleus not only has __________________, but so does the ______________________, written
as ______ DNA. It mutates ______x faster than nuclear DNA. __________________ RNA mutates at a
relatively ________ rate.
4. Since __________________________ have their own DNA, it can be suggested that the first
“_______________” cells, we like single mitochondria because they can make their own
_____________ and __________________ on their own. This then got incorporated into a bigger cell
becoming animal cells. Plants, are thought to be descendents of single celled
____________________, as they also make their own _______________________. They then got
incorporated into a bigger cell to make ________________ cells.
17.4 Domains and Kingdoms (B. 8.2 Explain how organisms are classified and named based on
their evolutionary relationships into taxonomic categories. )
1. Show the 3 domains and what kingdoms they are related to.
Dom.
Dom.
2. Domain ______________ are “
3 Domain _______________ are “
environments.
Domain
“ bacteria, found everywhere.
“ bacteria, found in _________________
4. Domain __________________ , includes all of the ____________________________.
18.4 Bacteria and Archae (B.8.3 Use anatomical and molecular evidence to establish evolutionary
relationships between organisms).
1. Draw a bacterial cell and label the cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, pili, flagellum, plasmid, DNA
and ribosomes.
2. Bacteria can be classified by the following: (and give examples of each)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
18.5 Beneficial Roles of Prokaryotes (B.4.4 Describe the interactions between organisms
contribute to the long term stability of an ecosystem)
1. What are some ways that prokaryotes are beneficial to us and the environment?