The Epigenetic Pathways to Ribosomal DNA Silencing
... nearest sister chromatid, but the rDNA array may expand or contract if unequal sister chromatid exchange (USCE) occurs during DSB repair (16, 17). Changes in rDNA repeat numbers due to aberrant recombination, such as USCE, cause genomic instability within rDNA repeats and lead to deleterious effects ...
... nearest sister chromatid, but the rDNA array may expand or contract if unequal sister chromatid exchange (USCE) occurs during DSB repair (16, 17). Changes in rDNA repeat numbers due to aberrant recombination, such as USCE, cause genomic instability within rDNA repeats and lead to deleterious effects ...
Characterization of the Visceral Endoderm Components in Early
... differentiation of specific organs (Slack, 1991; Wolpert, 2002). All this develops on the framework of the basic body plans that is laid down during gastrulation, a period of embryonic development in which the cells undergo complex morphological movements to generate the three primary germ layers (e ...
... differentiation of specific organs (Slack, 1991; Wolpert, 2002). All this develops on the framework of the basic body plans that is laid down during gastrulation, a period of embryonic development in which the cells undergo complex morphological movements to generate the three primary germ layers (e ...
Renal tubular Sirt1 attenuates diabetic albuminuria by
... Claudin were upregulated or downregulated. By immunostaining, Claudin-1 appeared to be expressed only in PECs in WT+Sal mice (Fig. 1g). Claudin-1 levels were higher in WT +STZ mice than in WT+Sal mice, and Claudin-1 extended ectopically in podocytes (Fig. 1g). This difference in Claudin-1 levels in ...
... Claudin were upregulated or downregulated. By immunostaining, Claudin-1 appeared to be expressed only in PECs in WT+Sal mice (Fig. 1g). Claudin-1 levels were higher in WT +STZ mice than in WT+Sal mice, and Claudin-1 extended ectopically in podocytes (Fig. 1g). This difference in Claudin-1 levels in ...
"Yeast". - ResearchGate
... artificial chromosomes that can be used to study various aspects of chromosome behavior, such as how chromosomes pair and segregate from each other during mitosis and meiosis. In addition, systems using artificial chromosomes have been designed that allow cloning of larger contiguous segments of DN ...
... artificial chromosomes that can be used to study various aspects of chromosome behavior, such as how chromosomes pair and segregate from each other during mitosis and meiosis. In addition, systems using artificial chromosomes have been designed that allow cloning of larger contiguous segments of DN ...
A Simple and Rapid Protocol for Producing Yeast Extract from
... of microbial contamination resulted from long term incubation. In hydrolysis method, different exogenous enzymes, acids or alkalis are used to disrupt the cell contents (27-29). By applying the exogenous enzymes in hydrolysis process the cost of manufacturing will be increased, moreover, using acids ...
... of microbial contamination resulted from long term incubation. In hydrolysis method, different exogenous enzymes, acids or alkalis are used to disrupt the cell contents (27-29). By applying the exogenous enzymes in hydrolysis process the cost of manufacturing will be increased, moreover, using acids ...
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... growth, but it will inhibit yeast fermentation if used incorrectly. ...
... growth, but it will inhibit yeast fermentation if used incorrectly. ...
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine facilitates age
... WT mice had age-associated LV hypertrophy. SPARC deletion diminished age-related myocyte hypertrophy. Myocyte hypertrophy develops with advancing age (32, 56). We performed hematoxylin-eosin staining and measured individual myocyte sizes for each group. Myocyte size was increased in the middle-aged ...
... WT mice had age-associated LV hypertrophy. SPARC deletion diminished age-related myocyte hypertrophy. Myocyte hypertrophy develops with advancing age (32, 56). We performed hematoxylin-eosin staining and measured individual myocyte sizes for each group. Myocyte size was increased in the middle-aged ...
A Buoyancy-Based Screen of Drosophila Larvae for Fat
... with an increase in the levels of stored fat, eight ‘‘floater’’ mutants were chosen for more careful analysis. First, their floating phenotypes were quantified. Equivalent numbers of animals per vial were allowed to develop for 5 days to the wandering stage, at which point the floatation assay was p ...
... with an increase in the levels of stored fat, eight ‘‘floater’’ mutants were chosen for more careful analysis. First, their floating phenotypes were quantified. Equivalent numbers of animals per vial were allowed to develop for 5 days to the wandering stage, at which point the floatation assay was p ...
Antimicrobial Agents Produced by Yeasts
... Dextrose agar (pH 4.2) at 21°C. S. cerevisiae and P. kluyveri were found to tolerate 50% and 40% glucose, while D. anomala tolerated 40% glucose. Both S. cerevisiae and P. kluyveri was not inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium spp. [2]. The interactions between 20 ...
... Dextrose agar (pH 4.2) at 21°C. S. cerevisiae and P. kluyveri were found to tolerate 50% and 40% glucose, while D. anomala tolerated 40% glucose. Both S. cerevisiae and P. kluyveri was not inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium spp. [2]. The interactions between 20 ...
The contraction dependant increase in cytoplasmic superoxide in
... generation in muscles from old mice leading to an increased nitration of muscle proteins and decreased superoxide availability. This was examined using fluoresecent probes and an isolated fiber preparation to examine NO content and superoxide in the cytosol and mitochondria of muscle fibers from adu ...
... generation in muscles from old mice leading to an increased nitration of muscle proteins and decreased superoxide availability. This was examined using fluoresecent probes and an isolated fiber preparation to examine NO content and superoxide in the cytosol and mitochondria of muscle fibers from adu ...
Brewer`s yeast - IBD Learning Zone
... Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been used for thousands of years in both baking and fermentation. The yeast cell is also an important research model for genetics and cell biology (also called an experimental eucaryote), in addition to being useful in energy generation through microbial fuel ...
... Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been used for thousands of years in both baking and fermentation. The yeast cell is also an important research model for genetics and cell biology (also called an experimental eucaryote), in addition to being useful in energy generation through microbial fuel ...
YEAST INFORMATION SHEET
... There are many varieties of yeast. Baker’s yeast is called Saccharomyces cerevisia, “saccharo” meaning sugar and “myces” meaning fungus. This yeast can metabolise simple sugars, such as glucose, sucrose and maltose. It is used to leaven bread and works by converting sugar into carbon dioxide, which ...
... There are many varieties of yeast. Baker’s yeast is called Saccharomyces cerevisia, “saccharo” meaning sugar and “myces” meaning fungus. This yeast can metabolise simple sugars, such as glucose, sucrose and maltose. It is used to leaven bread and works by converting sugar into carbon dioxide, which ...
- Wiley Online Library
... cies, including mammals (Masoro, 2005). In addition, DR causes a decrease in body weight and fertility, as well as lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 in these animals. DR animals also exhibit significant sub-cellular changes, including reduced oxidative damages, reduced protein synth ...
... cies, including mammals (Masoro, 2005). In addition, DR causes a decrease in body weight and fertility, as well as lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 in these animals. DR animals also exhibit significant sub-cellular changes, including reduced oxidative damages, reduced protein synth ...
Molecular evolution of the p53 network in reptiles
... mice, Feng et al. 2007 found lower efficiency of p53 response to gamma-irradiation in tissues from aging mice. They also reported an overall negative correlation between the rate of decline in p53 response and life-span: longer-living mice delayed the decline of p53 activity in an as-yet unknown mec ...
... mice, Feng et al. 2007 found lower efficiency of p53 response to gamma-irradiation in tissues from aging mice. They also reported an overall negative correlation between the rate of decline in p53 response and life-span: longer-living mice delayed the decline of p53 activity in an as-yet unknown mec ...
Screening and Identification of Yeasts Antagonistic to Pathogenic
... Microbes have evolved ways of interference competition to gain advantage over their ecological competitors. The use of secreted antagonistic compounds by yeast cells is one of the prominent examples. Although this killer behavior has been thoroughly studied in laboratory yeast strains, our knowledge ...
... Microbes have evolved ways of interference competition to gain advantage over their ecological competitors. The use of secreted antagonistic compounds by yeast cells is one of the prominent examples. Although this killer behavior has been thoroughly studied in laboratory yeast strains, our knowledge ...
The Young Mouse Heart Is Composed of Myocytes Heterogeneous
... with decline in contractile behavior. Bivariate distribution of parameters of cell contractility and volume were fitted with straight lines. Cell shortening, maximal rate of contraction (dL/dt), and relaxation (⫹dL/dt) decreased, respectively, 0.32⫾0.058 m, 5.91⫾1.20 m/sec and 5.43⫾0.92 m/sec per ...
... with decline in contractile behavior. Bivariate distribution of parameters of cell contractility and volume were fitted with straight lines. Cell shortening, maximal rate of contraction (dL/dt), and relaxation (⫹dL/dt) decreased, respectively, 0.32⫾0.058 m, 5.91⫾1.20 m/sec and 5.43⫾0.92 m/sec per ...
Telomeres do the (un)twist: helicase actions at chromosome termini
... associations of G-quartets, which are themselves planar assemblies of four Hoogsteenbonded guanines, with the guanines derived from one or more nucleic acid strands [16, 17]. The formation of such secondary DNA structures may also pose special problems for telomere maintenance, because their resolut ...
... associations of G-quartets, which are themselves planar assemblies of four Hoogsteenbonded guanines, with the guanines derived from one or more nucleic acid strands [16, 17]. The formation of such secondary DNA structures may also pose special problems for telomere maintenance, because their resolut ...
Aging and Speed of Behavior: Possible
... lability, and slowing of information processing. In addition, investigators have linked white matter dementia impairments with frontal impairments (Filley et al 1989a). Frontal lobe dysfunction has been related to the attention and memory deficits seen in older adults as well (Craik et al 1990, Cumm ...
... lability, and slowing of information processing. In addition, investigators have linked white matter dementia impairments with frontal impairments (Filley et al 1989a). Frontal lobe dysfunction has been related to the attention and memory deficits seen in older adults as well (Craik et al 1990, Cumm ...
Regeneration in the aging peripheral nervous system The Harvard
... Today, understanding "why we age" is most often seen through the lens of two interrelated theories: mutation accumulation theory and antagonistic pleiotropy. Articulated by Medawar in 1952, mutation accumulation theory proposes that aging results from a decline in selection power against deleterious ...
... Today, understanding "why we age" is most often seen through the lens of two interrelated theories: mutation accumulation theory and antagonistic pleiotropy. Articulated by Medawar in 1952, mutation accumulation theory proposes that aging results from a decline in selection power against deleterious ...
Yeast extracts
... Japanese scientist, Kikunae Ikeda, who determined it was the source of the seaweed’s “deliciousness" or “umami." In 1912, speaking to the Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry in Washington, D.C., he described umami as “…the complex flavor of asparagus, tomatoes, cheese and meat, a comm ...
... Japanese scientist, Kikunae Ikeda, who determined it was the source of the seaweed’s “deliciousness" or “umami." In 1912, speaking to the Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry in Washington, D.C., he described umami as “…the complex flavor of asparagus, tomatoes, cheese and meat, a comm ...
Many ways to telomere dysfunction: in vivo studies using
... (Boulton and Jackson, 1996, 1998; Laroche et al., 1998; Gravel et al., 1998; Nugent et al., 1998b). The analysis of Ku86 de®cient mice, however, depicts a very dierent scenario. Although Ku86 de®ciency in the mouse results in telomeric fusions (Bailey et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Samper et al., ...
... (Boulton and Jackson, 1996, 1998; Laroche et al., 1998; Gravel et al., 1998; Nugent et al., 1998b). The analysis of Ku86 de®cient mice, however, depicts a very dierent scenario. Although Ku86 de®ciency in the mouse results in telomeric fusions (Bailey et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Samper et al., ...
ch 9 cellular respiration - OG
... What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration? 40 pts Cellular Respiration ...
... What is the balanced equation for cellular respiration? 40 pts Cellular Respiration ...
cellular respiration webquest
... (modified from fc.usd497.org) OBJECTIVE: You will be able to describe the function of, state the site and chemical equation for cellular respiration, and distinguish between two types of cellular respiration by completing a WebQuest. DIRECTIONS: As you work through the WebQuest, click on the links t ...
... (modified from fc.usd497.org) OBJECTIVE: You will be able to describe the function of, state the site and chemical equation for cellular respiration, and distinguish between two types of cellular respiration by completing a WebQuest. DIRECTIONS: As you work through the WebQuest, click on the links t ...
DNA ligase IV dependent NHEJ of deprotected human telomeres in
... 2B–2D). These telomere fusions either involved single chromatids (chromatid-type fusions) or both chromatids (chromosome-type fusions). In contrast to cells containing an intact NHEJ pathway, cells lacking DNA ligase IV did not accumulate telomere fusions in response to TRF2⌬B⌬M; the frequency of te ...
... 2B–2D). These telomere fusions either involved single chromatids (chromatid-type fusions) or both chromatids (chromosome-type fusions). In contrast to cells containing an intact NHEJ pathway, cells lacking DNA ligase IV did not accumulate telomere fusions in response to TRF2⌬B⌬M; the frequency of te ...
Ethylene - Carleton University
... • Stable at low pH, but at neutral or high pH, breaks down to give off ethylene • Mixing with water is a convenient method of exposing plants to high doses of ethylene ...
... • Stable at low pH, but at neutral or high pH, breaks down to give off ethylene • Mixing with water is a convenient method of exposing plants to high doses of ethylene ...
Senescence
For premature aging disorders, see Progeroid syndromes.Senescence (/sɪˈnɛsəns/) (from Latin: senescere, meaning ""to grow old"", from senex) or biological aging (also spelled biological ageing) is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic of most complex lifeforms, arguably found in all biological kingdoms, that on the level of the organism increases mortality after maturation. The word ""senescence"" can refer either to cellular senescence or to senescence of the whole organism. It is commonly believed that cellular senescence underlies organismal senescence. The science of biological aging is biogerontology.Senescence is not the inevitable fate of all organisms. Organisms of some taxonomic groups (taxa), including some animals, even experience chronological decrease in mortality, for all or part of their life cycle. On the other extreme are accelerated aging diseases, rare in humans. There is also the extremely rare and poorly understood ""Syndrome X"", whereby a person remains physically and mentally an infant or child throughout one's life.Even if environmental factors do not cause aging, they may affect it; in such a way, for example, overexposure to ultraviolet radiation accelerates skin aging. Different parts of the body may age at different rates. Two organisms of the same species can also age at different rates, so that biological aging and chronological aging are quite distinct concepts.Albeit indirectly, senescence is by far the leading cause of death (other than in the trivially accurate sense that cerebral hypoxia, i.e., lack of oxygen to the brain, is the immediate cause of all human death). Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds—100,000 per day—die of age-related causes; in industrialized nations, moreover, the proportion is much higher, reaching 90%.There are a number of hypotheses as to why senescence occurs; for example, some posit it is programmed by gene expression changes, others that it is the cumulative damage caused by biological processes. Whether senescence as a biological process itself can be slowed down, halted or even reversed, is a subject of current scientific speculation and research.