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Transcript
Tour of the Cell 1 Animation AP Biology Types of cells Prokaryote bacteria cells - no organelles - organelles Eukaryote animal cells AP Biology Eukaryote plant cells Cell Theory 1662 Robert Hooke first to observe and diagram a cell 1673 Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria 1830s Schlieden discovers plant cells Schwann Discovers animal cells 1855 Virchow Omnis cellulae cellula (all cells from cells) AP Biology Cell Theory Cont 1. The basic unit of life is the cell 2. All cells arise from pre-existing cells 3. Cells contain heritable information (DNA) All cells metabolize Cells have the ability to evolve 4. 5. 1. AP Biology As constituents of organisms that are part of population Domains of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukaraya Nodes – common ancestor Common Ancestor AP Biology Bacteria Archaea Eukaraya Membrane enclosed organelles Peptidoglycan Initiator Amino Acid for protein synthesis Histones Circular Chromosomes • Histone – protein involved in structure and packaging of DNA • Prokarayotes – All members of bacteria/Arachaea, NO ORGANELLES • Eukarayotes – All members have organelles AP Biology Viruses 1. Non-cellular 2. Evolve by mutation only 3. All have genetic material (DNA or RNA) 4. Reproduce only within living host (cells) Highly specific to the cell 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. AP Biology HIV can only attack T-helper cells (TH) Polio neurons Hepatitis liver cells Rabies neurons 6. Cannot respond to stimuli 7. Obligate intracellular parasites need to go from cell to cell 8. Cannot metabolize on their own Draw Picture of Animalvirus T4 lambda bacteriophage AP Biology Viral Replication Lytic 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lysogenic Attachment Penetration Biosynthesis Assembly Release 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cells will continue to divide and not go into #4 until conditions are right entering #4 the cell goes back into the lytic cycle AP Biology Attachment Penetration Genetic Integration Biosynthesis Assembly Release AP Biology Do NOT COPY THIS SLIDE live Bacteria EVERYWHERE! Bacteria live in all ecosystems on plants & animals in plants & animals in the soil in depths of the oceans Microbes always in extreme cold find a way to make a living! in extreme hot in extreme salt on the living on the dead AP Biology eukaryote cell Prokaryote Structure Unicellular prokaryote cell bacilli, cocci, spirilli 1. Cocci Spherical (round) Coccus Diplococci Streptococcus N. gonnorrhoeae Strep throat S.pneumoniae AP Biology Staphylococcus S.aureus – staph infection 2. Bacilli Rod Shaped B. anthracis 3. Spirillus/spirochetes AP Biology Syphillis Lyme’s disease Ability to burrow Cell Structure 1. Glycocalyx (Capsule) Outermost covering composed of polysaccharides and protein. Function – protection from invaders/threats AP Biology 2. Cell Wall Composed of peptidoglycan (sugar protein) Gram Staining A staining procedure that either results in purple/pink Positive = purple Negative = pink AP Biology Gram(+) Cell membrane + thick cell wall Susceptible to antibiotics(purple =good) AP Biology Gram (-) Cell membrane + cell wall (thin) + cell membrane Protected against many antibiotics Dangerous Cell walls regulate osmotic pressure (osmoregulation = water balance) AP Biology Prokaryote Cell Wall Structure Gram-positive bacteria peptide side chains cell wall peptidoglycan plasma membrane That’s important for your doctor to know! protein peptidoglycan = polysaccharides + amino acid chains lipopolysaccharides = lipids + polysaccharides Gram-negative bacteria cell wall outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides outer membrane peptidoglycan AP Biology plasma membrane 3. Cell Membrane Composed of phospholipids semi-permeable, regulation of all materials in and out of cell AP Biology 4. Flagellum Whip-like propeller (different from sperm movement) 9 + 0 array of microtubules in bacteria Chemotaxis Respond to chemicals by change in movement E. coli – Positive Taxis Move towards other E. coli to form colonies Negative chemotaxis? AP Biology 5. Fimbriae + Pili Explain video in your own words Fimbriae Extension for adhering to the surfaces/eachother Used for conjugation – bacteria sex (w/ pilus) Plasmid exchange Plasmid Small loop of DNA that contains info about survival Pili AP Biology Used for conjugation (sex pilus) Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Chromosome Prokaryote Eukaryote double helix AP Biology 6. Nucleoid The region where the DNA is located DNA is in the form of a single, looped chromosome AP Biology 7. Ribosomes Not an organelle (smaller than eukarayote ribosome) Composed of 2 subunits to work together to translate genetic info into Protein rRNA + protein 2 parts are produced by nucleolus 8. Cytoplasm Gel-like fluid in which structures are suspended and in which all metabolism AP Biology takes place 9. Endospore (spore) Defense against environmental conditions Notes on animation AP Biology I am a pro-karayoker AP Biology