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Electricity Study Guide: Test on ________________ Electricity – the effect of the apparent motion by an electric current Electric Current – the flow of charge Electric Force – the push or pull of the electric charge I. Two Kinds of Electric Charges: a. Electric Charge – the basic property of the tiny particles (atoms) that make up matter 1. Positive Charge, proton, + 2. Negative Charge, electron, 3. Neutron (Neutral) b. Static Electricity – the buildup of charges in one place (clothes out of a dryer...lightning strikes) - Positive and Negative charges ATTRACT (pull towards) each other -Positive and Positive charges REPEL and Negative and Negative charges REPEL (away) II. Separating Charges a. If two objects have the same amount of charges (same + and same -) then nothing happens electrically **this means both objects are neutral or have a neutral charge b. If an object has more If an object has more (protons), then it has a positive charge. (electrons), then it has a negative charge. c. We can separate charges by rubbing objects. d. Only negative charges can jump to another surface. III. Electric Forces (You can use 2 balloons hanging from a string to illustrate this) *If there are two different forces and then the field attracts towards each other and gets stronger * If there are two of the same forces + and + or - and - , their electric fields move away from each other and get weaker (repel) IV. Circuits a. Electric current- the path or flow of electric charges travels on b. Electric circuit- is a closed path that electric current flows c. Series circuit- has only one path for its current to follow In a series circuit, the more bulbs there are, the dimmer they are because they are sharing the same electric current. If one light goes out they ALL go out. A flashlight or a simple lamp use series circuits. d. Parallel circuit- has more than one path for the current to flow/follow In a parallel circuit, adding more bulbs does not make them dimmer because they do not share the same electric flow of charges like a series circuit does. If one light goes out the others do not. We use parallel circuits in our homes and businesses. V. Conductors a. are a type of material through which negative (electricity can move through conductors easily) b. copper and silver are great conductors charges can move easily VI. Insulators a. material that resists (opposes) the flow of electricity b. plastic and rubber make good insulators Objects that Conduct Electricity Objects that Do Not Conduct Electricity silver spoon plastic fork iron nail wooden handle copper pan glass block gold ring eraser VII. Magnets and Electromagnets a. Magnets create a force that pushes or pulls Magnets attract objects most strongly at their poles. Like poles repel while unlike poles attract. The push and pull of a magnet is called the magnet force. The magnetic field is where the magnetic force is acting. Permanent magnets are usually made of steel. All magnets have a north pole and a south pole. b. Electromagnet – a temporary magnet made by wrapping a coil carrying a current around an iron core. Created by wrapping a wire around an iron core (nail) and connecting both ends of the wire to a battery The electric current flows through the coiled wire and charges the nail The nail is then magnetized and will remain an strong magnetic force as long as the electric current flows When the power source is turned off, the magnetic field no longer exists You can make it stronger by: 1. Wrapping more coils around the nail 2. Using a stronger battery *Electricity and magnetism are closely related. Electricity creates magnetism and magnetism creates electricity because an electric current can make a magnetic field and a moving magnet can make an electric current. Prepare for Constructed Response In class, we created an electromagnet using a nail, wire, and a battery. The diagram below shows an electromagnet. First, explain how the nail is able to attract the paper clip. Second, describe how the setup could be altered in order to lift a heaver metal object or more paper clips. Your answers must be thorough to get full credit! Practice Response Here….. ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________