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1. Compound light microscope: magnifies by allowing light to pass through an object and then through two or more lenses 2. electron microscope: bends beams of electrons in a magnetic field and can magnify images up to one million times or more 3. cell theory: major theory based on observations and conclusions by many scientists; states that the cell is the basic unit of life, organisms are composed of one or more cells, and all cells come from other cells 4. cell membrane: structure that allows only certain things to pass in and out of the cell and forms the outer boundary of the cell 5. nucleus: Eukaryotic organelle that directs all the activities of the cell and is surrounded by a double membrane 6. chromatin: long strands of hereditary material within the cell nucleus that are made up of proteins and DNA 7. cytoplasm: constantly moving, gelatin-like mixture inside the cell membrane; contains structures that carry out life processes of the cell 8. organelle: structure within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell having a specific function or functions 9. endoplasmic reticulum(ER): complex series of folded membranes in the cell cytoplasm that is involved in moving cellular products 12. mitochondria: eukaryotic cell organelles where food molecules are broken down and energy is released 10. ribosome: small two-part organelles on which cells make their own proteins 13. lysosome: eukaryotic cell organelle that contains digestive chemicals that break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn— out cell parts 11. Golgi body: stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package materials and move them to the outside of the cell 14. cell wall: rigid structure that supports and protects the plant cell and is made mostly of bundles of cellulose fibers 15. chloroplast: green, chlorophyllcontaining organelle in the cytoplasm of many plant cells, where plants their own food 16. tissue: group of similar cells that work together to do one job 17. organ: structure made up of different types of tissues that work together to do a certain job 18. virus: nonliving structure that consists of a core of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coat 19.host cell: cell in which a virus reproduces 20. vaccine: preparation made from damaged virus particles that are no longer able to cause disease and that can prevent some viral disease such as polio and measles; substance that is made from killed bacteria or damaged bacterial particles and can prevent, but not cure, many bacterial diseases