Download Earth and Space

Part 3
2011
5
Grade
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Grade 5 – Part 3
Contents
Chapter
Lesson
Earth
surface
changes
1. Slow and Rapid Changes to the Land
2. Weathering
3. Erosion
4. Effect of erosion on the natural environment
2. Soil
1. What Is Soil?
2. Developing the Earth’s soil
3. Quality of soil is valuable
4. Soil conservation
1.
3. Rapid
Changes to
the Land
Page
1. Natural disasters
2. Volcano
3. Tsunami & drought
4. Flooding
5. Man-made disasters
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Grade 5 – Part 3
Unit 3
Earth and Space
Chapter 1: Earth surface changes
Lesson 1: Slow and Rapid Changes to the Land
Earth surface changes
Slow
changes
Weathering
Rapid
changes
Erosion
Natural disaster
Man-made disaster
water
wind
Earth quake
Oil spill
plant
sea
Volcano
Chernobyl
Gravity
Tornado
(ice )glacier
Tsunami
Movement of water
Ice
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Lesson 2: Weathering
What is weathering?
Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller
pieces.

What causes weathering?
1. Wind
2. Water
3. Plants
*** Wind
Wind blows sand and soil around rock
The wind will change the shape of the
rocks within thousands of years
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*** Water
Water enters crack in rocks. When the
water freezes,
It takes up more space. This breaks
the rocks.
The movement of water
The movement of water breaks the
rocks down. Slowly rocks shape will be
changed.
*** Plants
The roots will grow in cracks and split rocks as they get bigger.
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Grade 5 – Part 3
Lesson 3: Erosion
What is Erosion?
It is the movement of weathered rock and soil from one place to another
What things that causes erosion?
1. Wind
2. Water
3. Gravity
4. (Ice) glacier
*** Wind
Wind carries pieces of rock and sand from one place to another
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*** Water
Flowing water carries soil, sand and small rocks from one place to another.
*** Gravity
Because of the gravity, soil and sand on the hills move down the hills.
Creep: Slow movement of soil down hills
Creeps
• The slowest type of mass wasting is referred to by geologists as a
creep. These types of movements are so slow, that they require
special
equipment
just
to
measure
them.
A creep takes place when the entire side of a hill or mountain moves
downward under the weight of gravity, very slowly, usually much less
than one inch per year.
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*** (Ice) glacier
• large
sheets
of
ice
pick
up
large
rocks,
scrape
bedrock
Rocks tumble in under-glacier rivers when glaciers melt
Lesson 4: Effect of erosion on the natural environment
Effect of erosion on the natural environment
• Coastal erosion
•
Soil erosion
• Create valleys
• Grand canyon
• Wetland at a mouth of rivers
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Grade 5 – Part 3
Chapter 2: Soil
Lesson 1: What Is Soil?
What Is Soil?
• The part of Earth's surface that is made of tiny rocks and bits of dead
plants and animals
Components of Soil
Soil is made up of an extensive variety of
substances, minerals, and rocks. These
substances can be categorized into four
main groups. These groups are organic
materials, inorganic materials, air, and
water.
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Grade 5 – Part 3
•
Soil is found on the upper most layer of the Earth.
•
Soil consists of a mixture of weathered rock, finely ground into
powder, minerals, and a variety of living and dead life forms. This
nutrient rich layer typically only extends downward a few feet. About
as deep as plant roots extend.
Lesson 2: Developing the Earth’s soil
Developing The Earth’s soil
The Earth’s soil has developed over hundreds of millions of years, as
the forces of weather have ground the top rocky layer of the Earth into
smaller and finer grains, and as plant and animal life has helped to
deposit nutrients.
Stages of developing the Earth’s soil :
1. Differential weathering
When one part of the landscape weathers
more or faster than the rest.
2. Parent rock
Weathering & erosion breaks down parent
rock into mineral fragments that form soil.
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3. Bedrock
The layer of rock beneath the soil.
4. Soil texture
The amounts of sand, silt, and clay in a soil
sample.
5. Humus
The part of the soil made up of decayed
parts of once-living things.
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5. Topsoil
• The top layer of soil made up of the smallest grains and the most
humus.
An important part of soil is the part that is alive. Many different bacteria,
algae, and fungi do important jobs that make life possible. Without these
basic life forms, performing these important roles, more complex life forms
could not survive
6. Soil horizons
Layers of soil sorted by their
composition
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Lesson 3: Quality of soil is valuable
Quality of soil is valuable
• Soil contains all the nutrients needed by plants to survive. Some
areas, such as deserts have very poor soils, in these locations, it is
difficult for complex plant life to take hold. Believe it or not, tropical
rain forests also have poor soils. This is because most of the nutrients
are already within living plants.
Tropical climate soil
Nutrient
because
poor
frequent
soil
rains
leach nutrients out of soil
Desert soil
The salty conditions in
this type of soil make it
difficult for some plants to
grow
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Temperate forest and grassland soil
These climates have excellent soil and allow many plants to grow
The effect of erosion on top soil
Natural soil erosion is a process by which water or wind breaks down,
carries away, and then deposits soil layers.
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Lesson 4: Soil conservation
Soil conservation
The saving of soil
How human can do to prevent erosion?
Human caused erosion occurs more quickly
with negative impacts in water and soil quality.
Humans accelerate erosion with:
1. Deforestation
2. Burning biomass
3. Poor agriculture methods
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Chapter 3: Rapid Changes to the Land
Lesson 1: Natural disasters
• Natural Disasters are naturally occurring events which can directly or
indirectly cause severe threats to public health and/or well-being.
Examples of Natural Disasters
• Earthquake
• Fire or Wildfire
• Flood & Dam Failure
• Hurricane & High Wind
• Landslide
• Thunderstorm
• Tsunami
• Volcano
• Extreme Cold
• Extreme Heat
• Droughts
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Earthquake
What is an Earthquake?
The shaking of Earth’s surface caused by movement of Earth’s crust and
mantle.
Effects of earthquakes
1. Destroy cities and buildings.
2. Can
cause
huge
waves
that
cause a flood.
3. Leave cracks and uneven areas in
Earth’s surface.
If the earthquake occurs in a populated area, it may cause
deaths, injuries and extensive property damage.
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Lesson 2: Volcano
What is a volcano?
• An opening in Earth's surface from which lava flows
What is lava?
Liquid rock that may comes from volcanoes.
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Effects of volcanic eruption:
1. Send out hot clouds of ash, rock, and
gases.
2. Cover the land with ash and liquid
rock called lava.
3. The heat Burn nearby forests and
buildings.
Many kinds of volcanic activity can endanger the lives of people and
property. Most of the activity involves the explosive ejection or flowage of
rock fragments and molten rock.
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Lesson 3: Tsunami & drought
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by:
1) Sudden displacements in the sea floor.
2) Landslides.
3) Volcanic activity in the deep ocean.
The tsunami wave may
come gently ashore or
may increase in height
to
become
a
fast
moving wall of turbulent
water several meters high.
Effects of Tsunami:
• Can generate waves that cause local devastation and destruction
thousands of miles away.
 Very large disturbance, such as the magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the
Sumatra coast in 2004.
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Drought
• A long time without rain. Many plants die during a drought.
Causes of drought:
1) Changes in greenhouse gases.
2) Aerosols, and land use.
Effects of drought:
1) Crop damage.
2) Water supply shortages
Lesson 4: Flooding
River Conditions (flooding)
What is a flood?
Large amount of water that covers dry land
What can cause a flood?
Heavy rain.
The damage floods can do:
1) Damage buildings and rocks, and
2) Move soil.
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Positive thing floods can do
Leave rich soil that is good for growing crops.
Lesson 5: Man-made disasters
Man-made disasters are events which, either intentionally or by accident
cause severe threats to public health.
Examples of Man-made Disasters
1. Chemical Agents
2. Pandemics and Diseases
3. Radiation Emergencies
4. Oil and Chemical Spills
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Grade 5 – Part 3