Download Polio

YESHA PATEL
GENERAL
• What is it?
• Highly contagious viral infection that can lead to paralysis
• What causes it?
• poliomyelitis virus that targets motor neurons
• Who gets it?
• Young and vulnerable
• Clinically suspected in those with
• Acute onset of flaccid paralysis
• Absent tendon reflexes
CLASSIFICATION
• Symptomatic
• Nonparalytic polio
• Paralytic polio (~0.1 – 2% of case)
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Spinal polio
Bulbar polio
Bulbospinal polio
• Asymptomatic (~95% of cases)
SYMPTOMS
General
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Headache
Sore throat
Fever
Vomiting
General
discomfort
Non-paralytic
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Abnormal
reflexes
Difficulty
swallowing
Joint stiffness
Muscle
tenderness
Paralytic
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Loss of reflexes
Severe spasms
and muscle pain
Floppy limbs
Sudden paralysis
Deformed limbs
TREATMENT
• No cure for polio
• Goal of treatment: relieve symptoms
• Antibiotics
• Analgesics
• Long term rehabilitation
• Occupational and physical therapy
• Corrective braces, shoes
• Surgery
TRANSMISSION
• Highly contagious
• Primarily spreads via the fecal-oral route.
• Occasionally oral-oral route
• Most infectious 7-10 days before and after appearance of
symptoms
• Immune deficiency, malnutrition, and injury increase risk
of transmission and infection
• Can cross maternal-fetal barrier
PREVENTION
• Passive immunization
• Purified gamma globulin from survivors
• Vaccines
• 3 types
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Inactivated poliovirus vaccine
• Salk Vaccine
Live and attenuated poliovirus vaccine
• Sabin Vaccine
• Oral polio vaccine
POLIO 1996
POLIO TODAY
Proportion of children seroconverting to each serotype after 1 dose of inactivated poliovirus
vaccine (IPV), plotted against age at administration.
Grassly N C J Infect Dis. 2014
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases
Society of America.
Proportion of children seroconverting to each serotype after 2 doses of inactivated poliovirus
vaccine (IPV), plotted against age at administration of the first dose.
Grassly N C J Infect Dis. 2014
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases
Society of America.
REFERENCES
•
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Global Health – Polio. Web.
Accessed 20 March 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/polio/
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Grassly N C J Infect Dis. 2014
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Johnson, Shannon. Polio. Healthline 2012. Web. Accessed 20 March 2014.
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Poliomyelitis (2011). PubMed Health.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002375/
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Smithsonian. How the Poliovirus Works. Web. Accessed 26 March 2014.
http://amhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/how.htm
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World Health Organizaiton. Health Topics – Poliomyelitis (Polio). Web.
Accessed 20 March 2014. http://www.who.int/topics/poliomyelitis/en/