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Profile Shalom H. Schwartz
Short biography
He received his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Michigan-Ann
Arbor, and subsequently taught in the sociology department of the University of
Wisconsin-Madison. Since 1979, he has taught in Israel, where his research has
concerned helping behavior, intergroup conflict, and basic human values.
After completing his master's degree in social psychology and group development at
Columbia University and completing his rabbinical studies, Schwartz received his Ph.D.
in social psychology from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, and subsequently
taught in the sociology department of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and in
1973 became a professor. From 1971-73, Schwartz was a visiting lecturer in the
department of psychology at the Hebrew University, where he has maintained his
connection until today. In 1979, when many of Israel's leading researchers were going
to work at universities in the United States, Schwartz made aliya(moved to Israel) with
his wife and three children. He joined the department of psychology at the Hebrew
University, were he now holds the post of Leon and Clara Sznajderman Professor
Emeritus of Psychology.
In his research studies, Schwartz has argued that individual norms can lead individuals
to act altruistically in situations where such behavior contradicts the narrow interests of
the individual. Schwartz also attempts to explain individual acts of heroism in extreme
situations, such as the behavior of certain individuals during the Holocaust.
During the 1970s and 1980s, Schwartz was one of the pioneers in the research on prosocial and altruistic behavior. His research has since included studies on the
development and consequences of a diverse range of behavioral attitudes and
orientations, such as religious belief, political orientation and voting, social group
relations, consumer behavior, as well as the conceptualization of human values across
cultures.
Schwartz is a fellow of the American Psychological Foundation and is a member of the
American Sociological Foundation, European Association of Experimental Social
Psychology, Israel Psychological Association, Society for Experimental Social
Psychology, and Society for Personality and Social Psychology. He is president of the
International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. He coordinates an
international project in more than 70 countries that studies the antecedents and
consequences of individual differences in value priorities and the relations of cultural
dimensions of values to societal characteristics and policies. His value theory and
instruments are part of the ongoing, biannual European Social Survey.
Prof. Shalom Schwartz of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has been awarded the
2007 Israel Prize in psychology. (Using Hebrew University Media News)
Main publications
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Schwartz, S. H. and Bilsky, W. (1987), ‘Toward a universal psychological
structure of human values’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53,
pp. 550-562.
Schwartz, S. H. and Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content
and structure of values: Extensions and cross cultural replications. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878-891.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory
and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental
social psychology (Vol. 25) (pp. 1-65). New York: Academic Press.
Schwartz, S. H. (1993, July). Toward explanations of national differences in
value priorities. Presented at the XXIV Congress of the Interamerican Society of
Psychology, Santiago de Chile.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994a). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure
of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994b). Beyond Individualism/Collectivism: New cultural
dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S-C. Choi, & G.
Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method and applications
(pp. 85-119). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Schwartz, S. H. and Huismans, S. (1995). Value priorities and religiosity in four
Western religions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 88-107.
Schwartz, S. H. and Ros, M. (1995). Values in the West: A theoretical and
empirical challenge to the Individualism-Collectivism cultural dimension. World
Psychology, 1, 99-122.
Schwartz, S. H. and Sagiv, L. (1995). Identifying culture specifics in the content
and structure of values. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 92-116.
Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (1995). Value priorities and readiness for out-group
social contact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 437-448.
Schwartz, S. H. (1996). Value priorities and behavior: Applying of theory of
integrated value systems. In C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.),
The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 8 (pp.1-24). Hillsdale,
NJ: Erlbaum.
Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (1997), ‘Influences of adaptation to communist
rule on value priorities in Eastern Europe’, Political Psychology, 18, pp. 385410.
Schwartz, S. H. (1999). Cultural value differences: Some implications for work.
Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 23-47.
Schwartz, S. H., Lehmann, A., and Roccas, S. (1999), ‘Multimethod probes of
basic human values’, in: J. Adamopoulos and Y. Kashima, (eds.), Social
Psychology and Culture Context: Essays in Honor of Harry C. Triandis.
Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (2000). Moral dialogue across cultures: An
empirical perspective. In E. W. Lehman (Ed.), Autonomy and order: A
communitarian anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Schwartz, S. H., Bardi, A., and Bianchi, G. (2000). Value adaptation to the
imposition and collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. In S. A.
Renshon & J. Duckitt (Eds.), Political Psychology: Cultural and Cross Cultural
Perspectives (pp.217-237). London: Macmillan.
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Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (2001), ‘Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking
a similarities perspective’, Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, pp.268-290
Schwartz, S. H., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., and Harris, M. (2001),
‘Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a
different method of measurement’, Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32,
pp. 519-542.
Schwartz, S. H. (2003). A proposal for measuring value orientations across
nations. In Questionnaire development report of the European Social Survey
(chap. 7).
Schwartz, S. H. (2004), ‘Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around
the world’ in: H. Vinken, J. Soeters and P. Ester (eds.), Comparing Cultures,
Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective, Leiden, The Netherlands:
Brill.
Schwartz, S. H. and Boehnke, K. (2004), ‘Evaluating the structure of human
values with confirmatory factor analysis’, Journal of Research in Personality, 38,
pp. 230-255.
Schwartz, S. H. (2005a). Basic human values: Their content and structure across
countries. In A. Tamayo & J. B. Porto (Eds.), Valores e Comportamento nas
Organizações [Values and Behavior in Organizations] pp. 21-55. Petrópolis,
Brazil: Vozes.
Schwartz, S. H. (2005b). Robustness and fruitfulness of a theory of universals in
individual human values. In A. Tamayo & J. B. Porto (Eds.), ibid, pp. 56-95.
Schwartz, S. H., and Rubel, T. (2005), Sex differences in value priorities: Crosscultural and multi-method studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
89, pp. 1010-1028.
Schwartz, S. H. (2006). Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and
consequences across nations. In R. Jowell, C. Roberts, R. Fitzgerald, & G. Eva
(Eds.), Measuring attitudes cross-nationally - lessons from the European Social
Survey. London: Sage.