Download New crops

New crops
Agricultural production 301
Presented by :
Cherif Medhat Mohamed
Presented to :
Prof Dr Essam Shalaby
Contents
1.
Salsola kali L.
2.
Jojoba
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Salsola kali L.
Chenopodiaceae
Russian thistle, Prickly saltwort,
Tumbleweed, Glasswort
Salsola kali L. Uses
Young plants serve as useful fodder
 This is one of several plants burned to
make soap
 On account of its high alkali content,
the plant has also been used in making
glass
 Salsolin has been used to regulate the
blood pressure
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Description
Annual herb
 spreading taproot
 stems bushy, much-branched
 leaves green
 leaves alternate
 mostly solitary
 Seeds numerous (to one million per
plant)
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Description
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a low-water-use plant, germinating quickly on
minimally disturbed soils, and relatively free
of diseases and parasites
Treated as a serious weed in Afghanistan and
Argentina, a principal weed in Canada and
Hungary, a common weed in Iran, Italy,
Morocco, South Africa, and the United States.
Listed also as weed in Australia, Chile, China,
Egypt, Greece, Hawaii, Indonesia, Iran, Japan,
Lebanon, Mexico, Norway, New Zealand,
Pakistan, Poland, Turkey
Jojoba
Uses :
The extracted oil is relatively pure, nontoxic, and resistant to rancidity.
 Most jojoba oil produced in the U.S.
today is sold at a high price for use in
cosmetics and hair care products
 The stability of jojoba oil makes it
attractive to the electronic and
computer industries

since jojoba oil contains no cholesterol
or triglycerides and is not broken down
by normal metabolic pathways, it may
become an important low-calorie oil for
human consumption
 The oil can be used as an antifoam
agent in antibiotics production
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Growth Habit
Jojoba is a woody evergreen shrub or
small multi-stemmed tree that typically
grows to a height of 10 to 15 ft.
 Leaves are opposite, oval or
lanceolate, gray green, and have a
waxy cuticle that reduces moisture loss.
 The plant develops one or a few long
tap roots (up to 40 ft) that can supply
water and minerals from far below the
soil surface.
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Jojoba is usually dioecious (male and
female flowers are borne on separate
plants). Female flowers are small, pale
green and commonly solitary or in
clusters at the nodes. Male flowers are
yellow, larger
 Pollination occurs via wind or insect.
 The fruit is a green capsule which
encloses up to three seeds
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Environment Requirements
A. Climate:
Jojoba is best suited to areas that are frost free
When temperatures drop below 20°F, flowers
and terminal portions of young branches of
most jojoba plants are damaged
Jojoba is very tolerant of high temperatures.
 B. Soil:
Most wild jojoba populations occur on coarse,
light or medium textured soils with good
drainage and good water infiltration
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C. Seed Preparation and Germination:
Jojoba can be planted by direct seeding or by
transplanting seedlings to the field. In the
southwestern U.S. many growers prefer
direct seeding because it is less expensive,
faster and requires less hand labor
Cultural Practices
Seeding Date:
Jojoba can be seeded or transplanted to the
field when the soil temperature reaches
70°F. Low soil temperature may delay
emergence by as much as 2 to 3 months.
 C. Method of Seeding:
Seeds are planted 1 in. deep, and emergence
usually occurs within 20 days. The soil should
be kept moist but not wet through
emergence.
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Cultural Practices
Spacing between rows depends on the
harvester to be used. With hand harvesting and
cultivation, rows can be as close as 10 ft.
 Harvesting:
All seeds on a jojoba shrub do not mature at the
same time, and more than one harvest may be
necessary. Most jojoba is currently harvested
by hand. Most jojoba is currently harvested by
hand. Over-the-row fruit and berry harvesting
equipment is adaptable to jojoba harvesting
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Drying and Storage:
Jojoba seed that has been dried to
around 10% moisture and protected
from pest damage will keep for several
years.
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reference
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Benzioni, A. and M. Forti. 1989. Jojoba. Pages 448-461 in Oil Crops of the World. G.
Robbelen, R.K. Downey, and A. Ashri (eds.) McGraw-Hill Publishing Company; New York.
553 pages.
Bloomfield, Frena. 1985. Jojoba and Yucca. Century Hutchinson Publishing, London.
Foster, K.E., M.M. Karpiscak, J.G. Taylor and N.G. Wright. 1983. Guayule, jojoba, buffalo
gourd and Russian thistle: Plant characteristics, products and commercialization potential.
Desert Plants 5(3):112-126.
Jojoba Growers Association. 1990. Jojoba Happenings, Newsletter of the Association.
Phoenix, Arizona.
National Research Council. 1985. Jojoba: New Crop for Arid Lands, New Raw Material for
Industry. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
Naqvi, H.H., G. Goldstein, C. Ratnayake, T. Ceccardi, and I.P. Ting. 1988. Jojoba breeding
and agronomic investigations at UC Riverside. Proceedings: Seventh International
Conference on Jojoba and Its Uses. A.R. Baldwin (ed.) American Oil Chemists' Society;
Champaign, Ill. p. 395-409.
Weiss E.A. 1983. Crambe, niger and jojoba. Pages 507-527 in Oilseed Crops. Longman;
London.
Yermanos, D.M. 1979. Jojoba: A crop whose time has come. California Agriculture. JulyAugust 1979. pp. 4-11