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Transcript
THE QUANTUM MODEL QUANTUM MODEL OF THE ATOM If light could have particle-like behavior, then could matter have wave-like behavior? De Broglie proposed that electrons could behave like waves. ELECTRONS AS WAVES Electrons exist at certain frequencies, as waves, corresponding to specific/quantized energy levels. The motion of electrons can be diffracted like light, causing ripples and bends ELECTRONS AS WAVES When electron waves overlap, they can interfere, which an enhance or decrease Wave Wave HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE 1) Why does observing the electron change its behavior? 2) If there are wave and particle properties, where is it in the atom? HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE It is impossible to simultaneously measure both position and velocity (or momentum) of a microscopic particle with absolute accuracy or certainty. How does measuring alter position and velosity? SCHRODINGER EQUATION. SCHRODINGER EQUATION A complex equation that has multiple solutions. The solutions are the mathematical descriptions of waves of very specific frequencies (quanta!) SCHRODINGER EQUATION Quantum Theory mathematically explains wave properties of electrons and similarly sized particles. The solutions described shapes in space that electrons were highly likely to be moving around in. SCHRODINGER EQUATION Orbital is a 3-D region around the nucleus wherein an electron is likely to be found. ATOMIC ORBITALS AND QUANTUM NUMBERS An electron’s quantum numbers describe: primary How shape energy level (n) close to the nucleus it is of momentum ( l ) direction spin of momentum ( ml ) direction ( ms ) ATOMIC ORBITALS AND QUANTUM NUMBERS
