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John W Gardner (1912 – 2002) “We think of the mind as a storehouse to be filled when we should be thinking of it as an instrument to be used.” What is the Behaviourist Theory? Learning is nothing more than the acquisition of new behaviour based on environmental conditions – linking a new behaviour to a stimulus by providing reinforcement after the correct behaviour is produced. The Theorists Pavlov (1849 – 1936) Skinner (1904 – 1990) Watson (1878 – 1958) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Russian scientist Nobel prize winner in 1904 Famous for “Pavlov’s dogs” Pavlov’s Dogs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxE N54ho Pavlov’s Theory “Events that previously had no relation to a given reflex could, through experience, trigger a reflex.” Fredholm, L. (2001). Pavlov’s Dog. <http://nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html?print=1> [accessed 29th March 2011] Burrhus Frederic Skinner American Psychologist Author Famous for “Skinner box” Skinner’s Box www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQtDTdDr8vs &feature=related Skinner’s Theory “Changes in behaviour are the result of an individual's response to events” Kearsley, G. (2011), Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database. <http://tip.psychology.org/skinner.html> [accessed 29th March 2011] John Broadus Watson American Psychologist Coined the term "Behaviourism" in 1913 Famous for Little Albert experiments Little Albert http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucx OrPQE&feature=related Watson’s Theory “only observable events, and not mental states, are the substance of psychology” Epstein, R. (1987), John B Watson. <http://www.answers.com/topic/john-b-watson> [accessed 29th March 2011] Advantages of Behaviourism Easily controlled by teacher Some learners benefit from repetition Rewards and punishments are clear Ease of motivation Disadvantages of Behaviourism Ignores thought processes and emotions Repetition may become boring Totally teacher orientated Little or no input from learners
