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Chapter 26 Section 4 Study Guide 19th Century Progress It's wasn't just new stuff… …it was that the pace of change sped up Gasoline & internal combustion engine Electricity & electric generators in factories Key Inventors & Inventions Thomas Edison: Alexander Graham Bell & the phonograph – Using electricity to transmit sound Telephone, 1876 Guglielmo Marconi & the "wireless," 1895 – Morse Code developed as international code cars 1st automobile made in Germany Henry Ford & the Model T, 1908 – Interchangeable parts – Assembly line Cars transformed life, esp. in U.S. – Where people could live, "suburbs" – Gas stations, gas refineries, etc. – Traffic laws – Motor hotels = "motels" "mass culture" Increased literacy Improvements in communication – e.g. Radio allowed for nationwide broadcasts Increased leisure time for the working class, middle class – "the weekend" – 40-hour week Motion pictures, spectator sports, etc. Medicine & Science Germ theory, 1850s Louis Pasteur & bacteria Joseph Lister, 1865 – Antiseptics – Cleanliness – Improved city planning & sanitation Diseases – Vaccines & cures Medicine & Science, cont'd Charles Darwin, Origin of Species – Theory of evolution Gregor Mendel & his peas – Inherited traits, etc. John Dalton & atoms, atomic theory Dmitri Mendeleev & the Periodic Table Medicine & Science, cont'd Marie & Pierre Curie – radioactivity Ernest Rutherford & Albert Einstein – Physics Psychology – Pavlov – Freud Take Away Points to Ponder What was "mass" about the mass culture? Why did Pavlov's & Freud's ideas challenge the ideas of the Enlightenment? Why might there have been a general feeling of optimism at the dawn of the 20th century?